Recent Longevity News for the seven days ending 4/20/11.  You should consult your doctor if you are taking any medications.

Canola oil protects against colon cancer, study suggests - Science Daily, 4/19/11 - "canola oil inhibited the average number of tumors per rat by 58 percent compared to one of the other two control diets in the experiment, and inhibited the size of the tumors that occurred by 90 percent ... canola oil inhibited the average number of tumors per rat by 58 percent compared to one of the other two control diets in the experiment, and inhibited the size of the tumors that occurred by 90 percent ... studies have indicated that if consumers use canola as household cooking oil, it could push their ratio of Omega-6 to Omega-3 fatty acids to about 3 to 1. That's very desirable. Humans need Omega-6 fatty acids, too, but they typically consume way too much of them in countries such as the United States ... It should be less than 4 to 1. But in a typical American diet, when we use other oil and butter, our ratio is 10 to 1 or higher. We consume a lot more Omega-6 than Omega-3 fatty acids" - Here's the breakdown on various oils.  Note that canola oil is mostly omega-9 as is olive oil so maybe they are incorrect is attributing the benefits to omega-3:

** The omega-3 in vegetable oils is in the form of alpha linolenic acid (no EPA, DHA or DPA).  See "General Information" below for why alpha linolenic acid might not be as effective.

How peppermint helps to relieve irritable bowel syndrome - Science Daily, 4/19/11 - "peppermint acts through a specific anti-pain channel called TRPM8 to reduce pain sensing fibres, particularly those activated by mustard and chilli. This is potentially the first step in determining a new type of mainstream clinical treatment for Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)" - See peppermint products at iHerb.

Study suggests another look at testosterone-prostate cancer link - Science Daily, 4/19/11 - "This study, involving 13 symptomatic testosterone deficient men who also had untreated prostate cancer, suggests this traditional view is incorrect, and that testosterone treatment in men does not cause rapid growth of prostate cancer. It is the first to directly and rigorously assess changes in the prostate among men with prostate cancer who received testosterone therapy"

Biophysicist targeting IL-6 to halt breast, prostate cancer - Science Daily, 4/19/11 - "There is an inherent connection between inflammation and cancer ... In the case of breast cancers, a medical review systematically tabulated IL-6 levels in various categories of cancer patients, all showing that IL-6 levels elevated up to 40-fold, especially in later stages, metastatic cases and recurrent cases ... The current research offers us an exciting new therapeutic paradigm: targeting tumor microenvironment and inhibiting tumor stem cell renewal, leading to a really effective way to overcome breast tumor drug resistance, inhibiting tumor metastasis and stopping tumor recurrence" - Note:  See the "Alternative News" section of my IL-6 page and my inflammation page for ways to reduce IL-6.

Limiting carbs, not calories, reduces liver fat faster, researchers find - Science Daily, 4/19/11 - "Curbing carbohydrates is more effective than cutting calories for individuals who want to quickly reduce the amount of fat in their liver ... could have implications for treating numerous diseases including diabetes, insulin resistance and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, or NAFLD. The disease, characterized by high levels of triglycerides in the liver, affects as many as one-third of American adults. It can lead to liver inflammation, cirrhosis and liver cancer ... Weight loss, regardless of the mechanism, is currently the most effective way to reduce liver fat"

How inflammation can lead to cancer - Science Daily, 4/19/11 - "inflammation stimulates a rise in levels of a molecule called microRNA-155 (miR-155) ... This, in turn, causes a drop in levels of proteins involved in DNA repair, resulting in a higher rate of spontaneous gene mutations, which can lead to cancer ... It is believed that cancer is caused by an accumulation of mutations in cells of the body ... Our study suggests that miR-155, which is associated with inflammation, increases the mutation rate and might be a key player in inflammation-induced cancers generally"

Dietary, lifestyle changes can significantly reduce triglycerides - 4/18/11 - "Changes such as substituting healthy, unsaturated dietary fats for saturated ones, engaging in physical activity and losing excess weight can decrease triglycerides by 20 percent to 50 percent ... analyzed more than 500 international studies from the past 30 years to formulate the scientific statement ... Recommended dietary changes for those outside the normal range of triglycerides include limiting: ... added sugar to less than 5 percent to 10 percent of calories consumed -- about 100 calories per day for women and 150 calories per day for men ... fructose from both processed foods and naturally occurring foods -less than 50 to 100 grams per day ... saturated fat to less than 7 percent of total calories ... trans fat to- less than 1 percent of total calories ... alcohol, especially if triglyceride levels are higher greater than 500 mg/dL ... nearly one-third (31 percent) of adults have elevated triglyceride levels (more than 150 mg/dL)"

L-lysine may help schizophrenia sufferers cope - Science Daily, 4/17/11 - "patients who received L-lysine alongside their normal medication found some reduction in the severity of their symptoms" - See l-lysine at Amazon.com.

Probiotic may reduce rate of recurrent urinary tract infections in women, study suggests - Science Daily, 4/15/11 - "Of the 100 women who participated in the study, 50 received LACTIN-V, and 50 received the placebo. Seven of the women who received LACTIN-V had at least one urinary tract infection, compared to 13 in the placebo group" - See probiotics at Amazon.com.

Embarrassed by Your Singing? It���s a Clue to Brain Health - WebMD, 4/15/11 - "In healthy people, watching themselves sing elicits a considerable embarrassment reaction ... But people who had neurological damage in a region of the brain known as the medial frontal cortex seemed less concerned ... The smaller the region, the less embarrassed the people were"

Espresso makers: Coffee in capsules contains more furan than the rest - Science Daily, 4/13/11 - "Coffee made in espresso makers, above all that made from capsules, contains more furan -- a toxic, carcinogenic compound -- than that made in traditional drip coffee makers, although the levels are still within safe health limits ... The reason for these higher levels is due to the fact that hermetically-sealed capsules prevent furan, which is highly volatile, from being released, while the coffee makers used to brew this coffee use hot water at higher pressures"

Acai juice shows joint health potential: Monavie study - Nutra USA, 4/13/11 - "At the end of the study, results showed a decline in pain measures, as well as improvements in the range of motion in the spine and other extremities" - [Abstract] - See acai berry products at iHerb, also my acai berry page.

Higher Daily Coffee Intake Not Linked to Hypertension Risk - Medscape, 4/13/11 - "Habitual drinking of 3 cups/day or more of coffee is not associated with an increased risk for hypertension compared with less than 1 cup/day, but this risk was slightly elevated with light to moderate consumption of 1 to 3 cups/day"

Treating high blood pressure, cholesterol, diabetes may lower risk of Alzheimer's disease - Science Daily, 4/13/11 - "After five years, 298 people developed Alzheimer's disease. The others still had mild cognitive impairment. People with risk factors such as high blood pressure, diabetes, cerebrovascular disease and high cholesterol were two times more likely to develop Alzheimer's disease than those without vascular risk factors. A total of 52 percent of those with risk factors developed Alzheimer's disease, compared to 36 percent of those with no risk factors ... Of those with vascular risk factors, people who were receiving full treatment were 39 percent less likely to develop Alzheimer's disease than those receiving no treatment. Those receiving some treatments were 26 percent less likely to develop the disease compared to people who did not receive any treatment ... Although this was not a controlled trial, patients who were treated for their high blood pressure, high cholesterol, heart disease and diabetes had less progression of their memory or thinking impairment and were less likely to develop dementia"

Aerobic exercise may improve non-alcoholic fatty liver disease - Science Daily, 4/13/11 - "A study of 15 obese people with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease revealed that the daily walks not only increase insulin sensitivity, but improve the liver's polyunsaturated lipid index (PUI), which is thought to be a marker of liver health ... The improvements are linked to an increase in the hormone adiponectin ... Adiponectin influences the body's response to insulin and is associated with a reduced risk of heart attack because of its anti-inflammatory properties"

Vegetarians may be at lower risk of heart disease, diabetes and stroke - Science Daily, 4/13/11 - "Vegetarians experience a 36 percent lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome than non-vegetarians ... It indicates that lifestyle factors such as diet can be important in the prevention of metabolic syndrome ... On average, the vegetarians and semi-vegetarians were three years older than non-vegetarians. Despite their slightly older age, vegetarians had lower triglycerides, glucose levels, blood pressure, waist circumference, and body mass index (BMI). Semi-vegetarians also had a significantly lower BMI and waist circumference compared to those who ate meat more regularly"

Study links inflammation in brain to some memory decline - Science Daily, 4/13/11 - "adults with measureable levels of C reactive protein recalled fewer words and had smaller medial temporal lobes ... Scientists don't know if the inflammation indicated by the C reactive protein is the cause of the memory loss, if it reflects a response to some other disease process or if the two factors are unrelated. But if inflammation causes the cognitive decline, relatively simple treatments could help"

Increase in deaths in men with type 2 diabetes and testosterone deficiency may be prevented by testosterone replacement, study suggests - Science Daily, 4/12/11 - "conducted a six year study of 587 men with type 2 diabetes, splitting them into three groups: those with normal total testosterone levels (above 10.4nmol/L, n=338), those with low testosterone levels (below 10.4nmol/L) that weren't treated with testosterone replacement therapy (n=182), and those with low testosterone levels treated with testosterone replacement therapy for two years or more during the follow up period (n=58) ... The findings show for the first time that low testosterone puts diabetic men at a significantly increased risk of death (p=0.001 log rank): 36 of the 182 diabetic men with untreated low testosterone died during the six year study, compared to 31 of the 338 men with normal testosterone levels (20% vs 9%). Furthermore, only 5 of the 58 diabetic men that were given testosterone replacement therapy died during the study (8.6%), meaning they showed significantly better survival compared to the non-treated group (p=0.049 log rank) ... In the 356 men with type 2 diabetes tested, health related quality of life decreased as testosterone levels decreased (r=0.353 p=0.044)"

I mentioned home made mayonnaise a couple weeks ago as a way to get omega-9 into your diet (http://allrecipes.com//HowTo/making-mayonnaise/Detail.aspx).  I've been making it in the Cuisinart.  The secret is adding the oil slowly and not over beating. I add a tablespoon at a time and hit the pulse button momentarily four times after each tablespoon.

Abstracts from this week's Doctor's Guide Nutrition/Dietetics plus abstracts from my RSS feeds (Click here for the journals, the PubMed ones at the top):

Statins and Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Grade in a Veterans Population - J Natl Cancer Inst. 2011 Apr 15 - "Compared with men taking an antihypertensive medication, statin users were 31% less likely (HR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.52 to 0.90) to be diagnosed with prostate cancer. Furthermore, statin users were 14% less likely (HR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.62 to 1.20) to be diagnosed with low-grade prostate cancer and 60% less likely (HR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.24 to 0.65) to be diagnosed with high-grade prostate cancer compared with antihypertensive medication users. Increased levels of total cholesterol were also associated with both total (HR = 1.02, 95% CI = 1.00 to 1.05) and high-grade (HR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.02 to 1.10) prostate cancer incidence but not with low-grade prostate cancer incidence (HR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.98 to 1.04)"

Resveratrol Triggers Apoptosis Through Regulating Ceramide Metabolizing Genes in Human K562 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cells - Nutr Cancer. 2011 Apr 14:1 - "There were synergistic cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of resveratrol with coadministration of C8:ceramide, PDMP, and SK-1 inhibitor. Interestingly, there were also significant increases in expression levels of LASS genes and decreases in expression levels of GCS and SK-1 in K562 cells in response to resveratrol. Our data, in total, showed for the first time that resveratrol might kill CML cells through increasing intracellular generation and accumulation of apoptotic ceramides" - See resveratrol products at Amazon.com.

Rosuvastatin combined with regular exercise preserves coenzyme Q10 levels associated with a significant increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients with coronary artery disease - Atherosclerosis. 2011 Mar 31 - "Atorvastatin significantly decreased serum ubiquinol (731+/-238 to 547+/-219nmol/L, p=0.001), but rosuvastatin (680+/-233 to 668+/-299nmol/L, p=0.834) did not" - See ubiquinol products at Amazon.com.

Protective effect of whey proteins against nonalcoholic fatty liver in rats Lipids Health Dis. 2011 Apr 13;10(1):57 - "Oral administration of the studied whey proteins products reduced the final body weight of rats. There was a significant reduction effect (P<0.05) of the tested proteins on hepatic triglycerides, liver enzymes (ALT and AST), lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde level) and serum glucose. Feeding on whey proteins caused an increase in the reduced glutathione. Hepatic content of reduced glutathione was not affected by any of the used whey proteins, but it showed an increasing tendency (P>0.05). Liver histology showed an improvement of fatty infiltration in hepatocytes from whey protein groups and gives the histology of liver a normal appearance" - See whey protein at Amazon.com.

Dehydroepiandrosterone protects against oxidative stress-induced endothelial dysfunction in ovariectomized rats - J Physiol. 2011 Mar 14 - "The present results suggest an important action of DHEA, improving endothelial function in OVX rats by acting as antioxidant and enhancing the NO bioavailability" - See DHEA at Amazon.com.

A longitudinal analysis on associations of adiponectin levels with metabolic syndrome and carotid artery intima-media thickness. The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study - Atherosclerosis. 2011 Apr 8 - "In a multivariable model adjusted for age, sex, MetS components, LDL-cholesterol, CRP, insulin, leptin, smoking and family history of coronary disease, 1-unit increase in baseline adiponectin levels was associated with reduced odds (odds ratio [OR]=0.94, 95% CI 0.89-0.99, P=0.04) of incident MetS. Of the MetS components, adiponectin levels were inversely associated with the incidence of hyperglycemia in multivariable analyses (OR=0.94 (0.90-0.99), P=0.04). When studying the adiponectin×MetS interaction on IMT, we observed a significant interaction when examining IMT in 2001 (r=-0.11 (MetS(-)) vs. r=-0.17 (MetS(+)), P for interaction 0.047) and IMT in 2007 (r=-0.12 (MetS(-)) vs. r=-0.21 (MetS(+)), P for interaction 0.005), suggesting the inverse association between adiponectin and IMT is stronger among those with MetS"

Use of Angiotensin Receptor Blockers and the Risk of Cancer - Circulation. 2011 Apr 11 - "Among 107 466 ARB users, 3954 cases of cancer were detected during 312 753 person-years of follow-up compared with 6214 cases during 435 207 person-years of follow-up in 209 692 angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor users (adjusted rate ratio, 0.99; 95% confidence interval, 0.95 to 1.03). Cancer risk did not increase with increasing duration of ARB exposure (increase in rate ratio per year, 0.99; 95% confidence interval, 0.99 to 1.00,) and was similar across individual ARBs. In subgroup analyses, there was a significant association between ARB use and cancer of male genital organs (rate ratio, 1.15; 95% confidence interval, 1.02 to 1.28), but no significantly increased risk of any of the other 15 cancer subgroups, including lung cancer (rate ratio, 0.92; 95% confidence interval, 0.82 to 1.02). For cancer mortality, the rate ratio was 0.77 (95% confidence interval, 0.72 to 0.82). Conclusion- In this large nationwide cohort, use of ARBs was not significantly associated with increased risk of incident cancer overall or of lung cancer" - Note:  I'm not clear on the cutoff for what they consider significant.  It seems like 15% can be insignificant in one study and significant in another study.  Compared to the nearly 5 times increased risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma from processed meat, 15% increase cancer of male genital organs from ARB's seems negligible plus I'm not aware that that form of cancer is common.  Bottom line, ARB users had a 23% overall less chance of dying.  I'd be much more worried about processed meat.

Neat Tech Stuff / "How To's":

• Bad Elf GPS Receiver for iPod touch, iPhone, iPad and iPad2 (66-channel, SBAS/WAAS, 10Hz)
• Arkon Portable Fold-Up Stand for Apple iPad, Galaxy Tab, BlackBerry Play Book

Health Focus (Alcohol):

Related Topics:

• wine / alcoholism / hangovers

Other News:

• Drinking alcohol in moderation protects against heart disease, meta-analysis finds - Science Daily, 2/22/11
• Chronic drinking increases levels of stress hormones, leading to neurotoxicity - Science Daily, 9/7/10 - "Both drinking and withdrawal from chronic drinking can raise circulating glucocorticoid levels, known as cortisol in humans and corticosterone in rodents. Prolonged and high concentrations of glucocorticoids can have damaging effects on neuronal function and cognition"
• Moderate drinking, especially wine, associated with better cognitive function - Science Daily, 8/18/10
• Alcohol consumption lowers risk of developing several arthritic conditions, study finds - Science Daily, 6/16/10 - "Alcohol consumption is associated with a significantly reduced risk of developing several arthritic conditions including Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), Osteoarthritis (OA), reactive arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and spondylarthropathy ... alcohol consumption was associated with a significantly lower risk of developing RA (Odds Ratio (OR) 0.27 (0.22-0.34), Osteoarthritis (OR 0.31, (0.16-0.62), spondylarthropathy (OR 0.34, 0.17-0.67), psoriatic arthritis (OR 0.38, 0.23-0.62), and reactive arthritis (OR 0.27, 0.14-0.52)"
• Supplement may prevent alcohol-related brain, skull defects - Science Daily, 5/27/10 - "The dietary supplement CDP-choline, sold as a brain-boosting agent and under study for stroke and traumatic brain injury, may block skull and brain damage that can result from alcohol consumption early in pregnancy ... 25 percent of mouse embryos exposed to alcohol during that critical period had defects in the fibrous joints that connect the skull ... When they added ceramide-neutralizing CDP-choline to the mouse cells, cell death and ceramide levels were reduced" - See citicholine at Amazon.com.
• Alcohol consumption may protect against risk of Alzheimer's disease, particularly in female nonsmokers, study finds 0 Science Daily, 5/24/10
• Excessive alcohol consumption may lead to increased cancer risk - Science Daily, 4/21/10 - "Researchers have detected a link between alcohol consumption, cancer and aging that starts at the cellular level with telomere shortening ... Telomeres are found at the region of DNA sequences at the end of a chromosome, and are important for the genetic stability of cells. As people age, telomere length shortens progressively ... Since telomere shortening is thought to increase cancer risk, the researchers speculated that those with shorter telomeres due to heavy alcohol consumption would have an increased risk of cancer ... telomere length was dramatically shortened in those who consumed heavy amounts of alcohol; telomere length was nearly half as long as telomere length in the non-abusers (0.41 vs. 0.79 relative units)"
• Alcohol May Reduce Men's Heart Risk - WebMD, 11/18/09 - "Drinking any type of alcohol lowered the risk of serious heart disease in men, with the amount of risk reduction associated with the amount of alcohol: ... Light drinking reduced risk by 35% ... Moderate drinking reduced risk by 51% ... High and very high levels of drinking reduced risk by 54% and 50% ... Light drinking was up to 5 grams a day -- or about one glass of wine, one and one-half beers, or less than a half glass of hard liquor ... Moderate drinking was 5 to 30 grams a day, or about two glasses of wine, two or three beers, or a half to one glass of hard liquor ... High and very high levels of drinking were 30 to 90 grams a day, or about five or more glasses of wine, seven or more beers, and one to one and a half glasses or more of hard liquor"
• Link Between Alcohol And Cancer Explained: Alcohol Activates Cellular Changes That Make Tumor Cells Spread - Science Daily, 10/26/09
• Even Low Alcohol Consumption Has A Negative Impact On Overall Health, Researchers Argue - Science Daily, 10/22/09
• 'Beneficial' Effects Of Alcohol? - Science Daily, 10/14/09 - "During a follow-up time of six and a half years, the researchers found that participants consuming moderate levels of alcohol had the lowest incidence of mobility limitation and disability. After adjusting for demographic characteristics, moderate alcohol intake was still associated with reduced risk compared to never or occasional consumption, but adjusting for life-style related variables substantially reduced the strength of the associations. Adjustment for diseases and health status indicators did not affect the strength of the associations, which led the authors to conclude that life-style is the most important factor in confounding this relationship ... Globally taken, these results suggest that the reported protective effect of moderate alcohol intake on physical performance may be only apparent, because life-style related characteristics seem to be the real determinant of the reported association, suggesting caution in attributing a direct benefit of moderate alcohol intake on functional ability"
• Heavy Drinkers Face Significantly Increased Cancer Risk - Science Daily, 8/3/09
• Regular Moderate Alcohol Intake Has Cognitive Benefits In Older Adults - Science Daily, 7/13/09
• Study: Alcohol Tied to Nearly 1 in 25 Deaths - WebMD, 6/25/09
• Alcohol And Smoking Are Key Causes For Bowel Cancer - Science Daily, 6/2/09 - "people who consume the largest quantities of alcohol (equivalent to > 7 drinks per week) have 60% greater risk of developing the cancer, compared with non-drinkers ... Smoking, obesity and diabetes were also associated with a 20% greater risk of developing bowel cancer - the same risk linked with consuming high intakes of red and processed meat"
• Half A Glass Of Wine A Day May Boost Life Expectancy By Five Years - Science Daily, 4/29/09 - "light long term alcohol consumption of all types—up to 20 g a day— extended life by around two extra years compared with no alcohol at all. Extended life expectancy was slightly less for those who drank more than 20 g ... men who drank only wine, and less than half a glass of it a day, lived around 2.5 years longer than those who drank beer and spirits, and almost five years longer than those who drank no alcohol at all"
• Two Or More Drinks A Day May Increase Pancreatic Cancer Risk - Science Daily, 3/3/09 - "If individuals consumed 30 or more grams of alcohol per day (approximately two drinks), compared with no alcohol per day, their risk of pancreatic cancer was slightly increased, researchers said. A drink is defined as 12 ounces of beer, four ounces of wine, or 1.5 ounces of 80-proof distilled liquor"
• Moderate Alcohol Intake Associated With Bone Protection - Science Daily, 3/3/09 - "In an epidemiological study of men and post-menopausal women primarily over 60 years of age, regular moderate alcohol intake was associated with greater bone mineral density (BMD). Researchers at the Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging (USDA HNRCA) at Tufts University found associations were strongest for beer and wine and, importantly, BMD was significantly lower in men drinking more than two servings of liquor per day"
• Iron Overload: An Important Co-factor In The Development Of Liver Disease In Alcoholics - Science Daily, 2/24/09 - "A high prevalence of iron overload was found in alcoholics, which appeared to be related to the development of liver disease [odds ration for having liver disease in alcoholics with transferrin saturation greater than 45% was 2.2 (95% CI 1.37-3.54)]"
• Million Women Study Shows Even Moderate Alcohol Consumption Associated With Increased Cancer Risk - Science Daily, 2/24/09 - "Low to moderate alcohol consumption among women is associated with a statistically significant increase in cancer risk and may account for nearly 13 percent of the cancers of the breast, liver, rectum, and upper aero-digestive tract combined"
• Zinc Supplements During Pregnancy May Counteract Damage From Early Alcohol Exposure - Science Daily, 2/2/09 - "Animal research has shown that binge drinking – even just once – during early pregnancy can cause numerous problems for the fetus, including early postnatal death. Fetal zinc deficiency may explain some of the birth defects and neurodevelopmental abnormalities associated with alcohol exposure. New rodent findings are the first to show that dietary zinc supplements throughout pregnancy can reduce some alcohol-related birth defects"
• Moderate Drinking Can Reduce Risks Of Alzheimer's Dementia And Cognitive Decline - Science Daily, 12/29/08 - "Alcohol is a two-edged sword ... Too much is bad. But a little might actually be helpful"
• A Little Wine Boosts Omega-3 In The Body: Novel Mechanism For A Healthier Heart Found - Science Daily, 12/5/08 - "moderate alcohol drinking acts like a 'trigger', boosting the amount of omega-3 fatty acids in our body ... the association was stronger between wine drinking and omega-3 fatty acids levels. This suggests that components of wine other than alcohol is associated with omega-3 fatty acids concentration. We may guess this effect can be ascribed to polyphenols"
• Alcohol Abuse Can Damage The Brain By Decreasing Insulin And Insulin-like Growth Factor Receptors - Science Daily, 6/17/08
• Exhaustive Review of the Literature Reveals Even Moderate Alcohol Intake Increases Risk of Cancer - bu.edu, 5/08 - "Alcohol intake of approximately 2 drinks per day increases the risk of cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx by 75 percent, the risk of esophageal cancer by 50 percent, and the risk of laryngeal cancer by 40 percent" - Complete 194 study.
• Alzheimer's Starts Earlier For Heavy Drinkers, Smokers - Science Daily, 4/16/08 - "the combination of heavy drinking and heavy smoking reduced the age of onset of Alzheimer's disease by six to seven years, making these two factors among the most important preventable risk factors for Alzheimer's disease"
• Alcohol May Raise Breast Cancer Risk - WebMD, 4/14/08 - "Compared with teetotalers, women who drank one to two drinks a day were 32% more likely to develop ER+/PR+ breast cancer. Having three or more drinks daily raised the risk of ER+/PR+ tumors by 51%"
• Moderate Alcohol Consumption In Middle Age Can Lower Cardiac Risk, Study Shows - Science Daily, 3/7/08 - "After 4 years of follow-up, new moderate drinkers had a 38% lower chance of developing cardiovascular disease than did their non-drinking counterparts ... When comparing non-drinkers to wine-only drinkers, drinkers of other types of alcohol, and heavy drinkers, the wine-only drinkers had the most significant reduction in cardiovascular events"
• Staying Active And Drinking Moderately Is The Key To A Long Life, Study Suggests - Science Daily, 1/9/08 - "ischaemic heart disease ... People who drank at least one drink a week and were physically active had a 44-50 per cent lower risk of IHD compared to physically inactive non-drinkers"
• No Need For Reduced Alcohol Consumption In Later Life, Study Suggests - Science Daily, 12/18/07
• A Drink To Healthy Aging - Science Daily, 12/13/07 - "survival rates were lower in women who did not consume alcohol"
• Prenatal Exposure to Alcohol and Conduct Problems: a Clearer Link - Doctor's Guide, 11/5/07
• Energy Drink 'Cocktails' Lead To Increased Injury Risk, Study Shows - Science Daily, 11/4/07
• Drinking Alcohol May Protect Lungs - WebMD, 10/25/07 - "people who drank fewer than two alcoholic drinks per day were 18% less likely to show signs of lung disease than abstainers. Those who drank three to five drinks per day had a 10% lower risk of lung disease, but heavy drinkers who drank more than six drinks per day had a 9% increased risk of lung disease"
• Alcohol Amount, Not Type -- Wine, Beer, Liquor -- Triggers Breast Cancer - Science Daily, 9/27/07 - "women who drank between one and two alcoholic drinks per day increased their risk of breast cancer by 10 percent compared with light drinkers who drank less than one drink a day. The risk of breast cancer increased by 30 percent in women who drank more than three drinks a day"
• Hazards: Heavy Drinking May Raise Risk of Endometrial Cancer - New York Times, 9/18/07 - "Women who have more than two alcoholic drinks a day double their risk of endometrial cancer compared with those who drink less"
• Alcohol and Cardiovascular Health - Medscape, 9/10/07 - "The cumulative scientific evidence demonstrates concordant J-shaped associations between alcohol intake and a variety of adverse health outcomes. These data suggest that alcohol consumption, like exercise, is most cardioprotective when done daily and in moderation.[29] It is tempting, based on the current wealth of evidence, to recommend small daily doses of alcohol (e.g., 1 drink per day) to nondrinkers with or at high risk for CV disease. Guidelines for sensible drinking developed in the United Kingdom state, "Middle-aged or elderly men and postmenopausal women who drink infrequently or not at all may wish to consider the possibility that light drinking may benefit their health".[42] We occasionally make this recommendation to patients well known to us who have no personal or family history of substance abuse, have no history of depression or bipolar disorder, and are nonsmokers. However, light to moderate drinking cannot be universally recommended to the general public or even patients with CV disease"
• Frequent Alcohol Consumption Increases Cancer Risk In Older Women - Science Daily, 9/7/07
• Increased Alcohol Intake Associated With Decreased Risk Of Developing Rheumatoid Arthritis - Science Daily, 6/15/07 - "An increased alcohol (ethanol) consumption of three or more units per week was associated with a decreased risk of developing RA (odds ratio 0.5, 95%; confidence interval 0.4 -- 0.7)"
• Moderate Alcohol Use May Slow Progression to Dementia - Medscape, 5/21/07 - "Moderate drinkers with MCI who consumed 1 or fewer drink per day of wine had a significantly lower rate of progression to dementia than did abstainers (HR, 0.15"
• Alcohol May Help Prevent Kidney Cancer - WebMD, 5/15/07 - "people who reported moderate alcohol consumption were 28% less likely to be diagnosed with kidney cancer ... Moderate drinkers consumed at least 15 grams of alcohol per day. That's a little more than one daily drink"
• Drinking Heavy Amounts Of Alcohol Shrinks Your Brain - Science Daily, 5/2/07
• Why Alcohol Consumption Increases Breast Cancer Risk, New Animal Study - Science Daily, 4/29/07
• Alcohol 'makes fruit healthier' - BBC News, 4/20/07 - "having them with alcohol, such as in a daiquiri, boosts these antioxidant properties"
• Alcohol May Lower Heart Attack Risk - WebMD, 1/2/06
• Alcohol 'may prevent arthritis' - BBC News, 12/19/06 - "mice whose water contained 10% alcohol had a lower risk of rheumatoid arthritis ... alcohol can increase testosterone and increased testosterone may protect against development of rheumatoid arthritis"
• Drink up for a longer life - MSNBC, 12/12/06
• Moderate Drinking May Help Male Heart - WebMD, 10/23/06 - "men who reported drinking half a drink to two drinks daily were least likely to have had heart attacks"
• Light To Moderate Drinking Reduces Risk Of Cardiac Events, Death - Science Daily, 7/25/06 - "Older adults who consume one to seven alcoholic beverages a week may live longer ... Compared with never or occasional drinkers, those who drank lightly to moderately had a 26 percent lower risk of death overall and an almost 30 percent lower risk of cardiac events, even after controlling for inflammatory markers. In contrast, heavy drinkers were more likely to die or experience a cardiac event than never or occasional drinkers"
• Hearty Drinkers Have Healthy Hearts - WebMD, 5/25/06 - "Over nearly six years, men who drank every day cut their risk of heart disease by 41%. Women who drank at least once a week cut their risk of heart disease by 36% or more ... Women who drank the most -- 14 or more drinks per week -- generally had the lowest risk of heart disease: as much as a 73% decrease in risk"
• Moderate Alcohol Consumption Protects Against Colorectal Adenoma - Doctor's Guide, 5/24/06 - "Non-drinkers had a 40% higher risk of adenoma than those in the moderate (1-2 drinks and 2-6 drinks per week) groups. Those drinking 7 or more alcoholic beverages per week had 150% higher risk of adenoma than the moderate groups"
• Moderate Alcohol Use: Brain Booster? - WebMD, 4/6/06
• Equivalent Of 2-4 Drinks Daily Fuels Blood Vessel Growth, Encourages Cancer Tumors In Mice - Science Daily, 4/4/06 - "the tumors of the mice that ingested alcohol ... were nearly twice as heavy compared to the mice that did not have alcohol ..."
• Alcohol Raises Risk of Specific Breast Cancers - WebMD, 11/1/05
• Why Alcohol May Help Hearts - WebMD, 10/13/05 - "Alcohol may lower the risk of heart disease by acting as a blood thinner"
• Study Refutes Heart Health Benefits of Wine - CBS 2 Chicago, 6/16/05
• Regular Alcohol Intake Ups Breast Cancer Risk - WebMD, 5/16/05 - "Women who drank a glass or two a day faced a 21% increased risk of breast cancer ... Those who drank more than two drinks a day were 37% more likely to develop breast cancer ... the risk was much greater in menopausal women"
• Both Beer, Red Wine Raise Blood Pressure - WebMD, 4/18/05 - "Compared with the men who did not drink any alcohol, the red wine drinkers had a nearly a 2.5 point jump in their systolic blood pressure. Beer drinkers' blood pressure rose nearly two points"
• After Dinner Drink Proves Beneficial To Postmenopausal Women - Science Daily, 4/1/05
• One Or Two Drinks A Day May Be Better For Women Than None - Science Daily, 3/29/05 - "women who never drink alcohol are in poorer health than those who have up to two drinks a day ... drinking three or more drinks a day tips the health scales the other way"
• Drinking Alcohol Increases Risk For Cancer - Science Daily, 2/1/05 - "Moderate alcohol drinking, less than 25 grams per day, has a favorable role on cardiovascular disease risk ... "[However] it is associated with increased risk of cancers of the upper digestive tract and larynx, and also of the intestines, liver, and breast"
• One Drink Daily May Drop Risk of Mental Decline - WebMD, 1/19/05
• Alcohol May Fuel Cancer Tumor Growth - WebMD, 12/10/04
• Heavy, Lifetime Alcohol Users May Be Toasting Metabolic Syndrome - Science Daily, 11/18/04 - "drinkers in the highest category of intensity have a 60 percent greater risk of developing metabolic syndrome than those in the lowest category ... The highest quartile category of intensity represented females who consumed an average of four drinks per drinking day and males who consumed an average of six drinks per drinking day"
• Alcohol May Raise Risk of Irregular Heartbeat - WebMD, 10/11/04
• Alcohol May Fight Heart Attack Damage - WebMD, 9/3/04
• Drinking and Dementia: Is There a Link? - WebMD, 9/3/04 - "Drinking alcohol in middle age may increase the risk of late-life dementia in people who are genetically predisposed to develop Alzheimer's disease"
• Moderate Drinking Won't Hurt Most People - WebMD, 6/14/04
• Moderate Alcohol May Improve Diabetes - WebMD, 6/1/04 - "alcohol improves the body's resistance to insulin -- the hallmark of type 2 diabetes ... the evidence from large-population studies is fairly consistent and shows a reduction in risk of 30% to 40% associated with moderate drinking"
• Consumption of Beer and Spirits Strongly Associated With Increased Risk of Gout in Men - Doctor's Guide, 4/15/04
• Beer, Spirits Increase Gout Risk - WebMD, 4/15/04
• Heavy Social Drinking Damages Brain - WebMD, 4/15/04
• Cancel Happy Hour: Alcohol Shrinks Brain - WebMD, 12/5/03
• Alcohol May Increase Breast Cancer Risk - WebMD, 11/18/03
• Heavy Alcohol Use Linked to Colon Cancer - Doctor's Guide, 10/22/03 - "Individuals who drink nine or more drinks made with distilled spirits a week for 10 years or more are about three times more likely to develop significant left-sided colorectal pathology than teetotalers"
• Moderate Drinking May Curb Diabetes Risk - WebMD, 10/8/03
• Light Drinking May Cut Diabetes Risk - Intelihealth, 6/10/03 - "women who had about half a drink to two drinks a day were 58 percent less likely than nondrinkers to develop type 2 diabetes ... those who had more than two drinks of hard liquor a day faced more than double the risk of nondrinkers ... Small amounts of alcohol are believed to help the body make better use of insulin"
• Antioxidants May Protect Against Alcohol Damage - Intelihealth, 6/3/03 - "fed rats a liquid diet containing alcohol for six weeks ... They found a 66 percent decrease in the number of new cells in crucial parts of the brain and an increase in cell death of more than 227 percent ... But in rats that also received injections of the antioxidant ebselen, the damage to developing cells did not occur ... The antioxidant ebselen was used because it is known to have protective effects in the liver and digestive tract and has few side effects in humans"
• One Glass of Wine Per Day Improves Arterial Elasticity - Doctor's Guide, 5/15/03 - "Modest alcohol intake was defined as no more than one glass of wine or beer, or less than 30 mL of hard alcohol daily ... All drinkers, particularly wine drinkers, demonstrated increased elasticity in both small and large arteries, as well as lower heart rates, compared with nondrinkers ... The only negative effect associated with moderate drinking was a slight increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Beer drinkers showed the highest blood-pressure elevations ... moderate wine drinking is associated with higher arterial elasticity, lower pulse rate, and higher stroke volume"
• A Drink a Day Keeps Arteries Healthy - WebMD, 5/15/03 - "moderate drinkers had increased elasticity in both small and large arteries as well as lower heart rates compared with nondrinkers ... Beer drinkers had the highest blood pressure levels, followed by liquor and wine drinkers"
• Alcohol Linked With High Blood Pressure - WebMD, 5/8/03
• Effects Of Alcohol, Lipids And Insulin In Non-Diabetics - Doctor's Guide, 4/3/03 - "In men, increasing alcohol consumption was associated with decreased insulin levels as well as a decline in insulin resistance. However, these effects were not apparent among women ... In men, triglyceride levels and alcohol intake showed a J-shaped relationship. Moderate drinkers, who consumed between 10 and 29 g of alcohol daily, showed the lowest triglyceride levels"
• Insulin Resistance, Alcohol Use Associated With Arterial Stiffness In Type 2 Diabetes - Doctor's Guide, 4/1/03
• One to Six Drinks A Week Associated With Lower Dementia Risk In Older Adults - Doctor's Guide, 3/19/03
• Moderate Alcohol May Prevent Dementia in Older Adults - WebMD, 3/18/03
• Regular Alcohol Consumption Could Lower Cardiovascular Morbidity In Hypertensives - Doctor's Guide, 2/10/03 - "Regular consumption reduces concentrations of serum lipoprotein(a), a powerful predictor of organ damage ... Compared with teetotallers and occasional drinkers, however, median lipoprotein(a) concentrations were 21% lower in light drinkers (those consuming up to 20 grams of ethanol daily), 26% lower in moderate drinkers (21-50 grams daily) and 57% lower in heavy drinkers (over 50 grams daily)"
• Moderate Drinking Decreases Stroke Risk - WebMD, 2/6/03
• What do you think of this new study that shows that drinking any kind of alcohol lowers the risk of heart attack? - Dr. Weil, 1/17/03
• More Booze, Fewer Heart Attacks? - WebMD, 1/8/02 - "men who drank alcohol three to four times or more per week were about 30-40% less likely to have a heart attack during the 12-year period, compared with men who drank less than once a week ... the type of alcohol beverage didn't matter -- beer, wine, or liquor -- they all provided some protection against heart disease, although the strongest association for the reduced risk was with beer and liquor"
• Study finds alcohol may lessen inflammation - USA Today, 11/17/02 - "alcohol exerted the greatest benefit in those with the highest levels of a chemical called C-reactive protein, CRP, which builds up when arteries become inflamed. Some researchers now believe that CRP itself may be a previously unrecognized cause of heart disease ... Although LDL has long been considered the best measure of heart attack risk, about half of people who have heart attacks don't have high cholesterol ... "I think this is a fundamental shift in our thinking about (artery) disease""
• Alcohol Can Help Women's Hearts Too - WebMD, 9/16/02 - "10 men aged 45-64 and nine women aged 49-62 drank either regular beer or non-alcoholic beer for three weeks ... After 10 days of drinking alcohol, HDL cholesterol levels rose by an average of nearly 7% for both men and women ... Previous research suggests that a 1% increase in HDL cholesterol is linked to a 2% reduction in the risk of heart disease"
• Moderate Alcohol Consumption May Increase Atherosclerosis Risk In Diabetics - Doctor's Guide, 8/7/02
• Light Drinking Offers Atherosclerosis Protection In Type 2 Diabetes - Doctor's Guide, 7/10/02
• Beer, Wine, Liquor -- The New Health Drinks? - WebMD, 6/14/02
• Moderate Drinking Increases Insulin Sensitivity In Non-Diabetic, Older Women - Doctor's Guide, 5/16/02 - "Moderate alcohol consumption reduces insulin and triglyceride concentrations and increases insulin sensitivity in nondiabetic, postmenopausal women ... the changes they observed may reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in this population of women ... Researchers warn, however, that the alcohol intake significantly increased serum levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate and estrone sulphate, steroid hormones known to be risk factors for breast cancer"
• Alcohol Lowers Diabetes Risk in Women - WebMD, 5/14/02
• Special Harvard Commentary: How Much Alcohol Is Right For You? - Intelihealth, 4/10/02
• A Little Alcohol Keeps Blood Pressure Down - WebMD, 3/11/02
• Should You Drink for Your Health? - Dr. Weil, 3/8/02
• Moderate Alcohol Use Decreases Cardiovascular Risk In Older Women - Doctor's Guide, 3/4/02 - "Moderate alcohol consumption - one or two drinks per day - decreases cardiovascular risk in postmenopausal women by up to 13 percent ... Moderate consumption of alcohol decreased low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, apolipoprotein B and triacylglycerol concentrations and increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-1 concentrations in postmenopausal women"
• Study Indicates Moderate Drinking Could Ward Off Dementia - Intelihealth, 1/24/02
• Alcohol Helps Guard Against Dementia - WebMD, 1/24/02 - "One to three drinks a day decreased the chance of developing Alzheimer's disease by more than 30%"
• Moderate Alcohol Use By Seniors May Curb Cognitive Impairment - Doctor's Guide, 1/15/02
• Moderate Alcohol Consumption May Protect Against Silent Stroke/White Matter Disease - Doctor's Guide, 9/7/01 - ""Overall, we found that non-drinkers have the most strokes and white matter disease," ... "Light-to-moderate drinkers have fewer strokes and the least amount of white matter disease, but somewhat greater atrophy. Moderately heavy drinkers have the fewest strokes but more white matter disease and the most atrophy." ... much of alcohol's protective effect against strokes is thought to stem from its ability to raise levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), the so-called good cholesterol carrier. In addition, alcohol is known to be a mild blood thinner, so it could offer protection from silent strokes caused by tiny blood clots in the brain ... Brain atrophy and drinking were linked in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that even low levels of alcohol use may contribute to brain shrinkage"
• Alcohol's effect on the brain a 'mixed' bag - USA Today, 9/6/01 - "Moderate drinking may reduce the risk of certain types of stroke and scarring in the core of elderly people's brains, a study found. But alcohol may also promote shrinkage of the brain — a condition seen in Alzheimer's patients"
• Alcohol Abuse Linked To Illness In Old Age - Intelihealth, 8/15/01
• Moderate beer quaffers have less heart disease risk, study shows - Healthscout, 7/16/01 - "A moderate amount apparently improves the blood's balance of blood fats and reduces its tendency to clot ... To squeeze the best effects from wine, spirits or beer, men should drink between one and three one-ounce servings of alcohol a day -- or three drinks -- while women should consume half that amount. The reason for the disparity isn't body weight, but rather differences in the stomach's capacity to break down alcohol"
• Moderate drinking yields heart protection - USA Today, 4/17/01 - "Compared with abstainers, light drinkers (under seven drinks a week) were about 20% less likely to die and moderate drinkers (seven or more drinks a week) were about 30% less likely to die"
• Studies Suggest If You Have a Bum Ticker, a Little Drink May Not Hurt - WebMD, 4/17/01
• A Drink a Day May Keep the Heart Doc Away (If You Have the Right Gene) - WebMD, 2/21/01
• Men Who Drink Moderately Have a Lower Risk of Diabetes - WebMD, 12/3/00
• Wine May Reduce the Risk of Colon Cancer, Even in Smokers - WebMD, 10/16/00
• Here's to Your Health: Wine vs. Beer, Spirits Which Booze Is Most Beneficial? - WebMD, 9/18/00
• A Drink A Day May Keep Memory OK - WebMD, 8/1/00
• More good news about moderate drinking for men - CNN, 8/1/00
• Study: Moderate drinking protects diabetics from heart disease - CNN, 8/1/00
• Study Examines Red Wine Antioxidant - Intelihealth, 6/30/00
• Alcohol Damages the Teen-age Brain - WebMD, 6/6/00
• Cheers! Moderate Drinking May Help Prevent Blood Clots - WebMD, 4/26/00
• Guidelines for alcohol consumption remain controversial - CNN, 3/1/00
• Researchers: Beer, In Moderation, Is Good For You - Intelihealth, 10/6/99
• Low Dose Red Wine Linked To Fewer GI Disturbances - Doctor's Guide, 9/1/99
• Light drinking may help men avoid sudden cardiac death - CNN, 8/30/99
• Will wine help your heart? - CNN, 7/6/99
• Low-fat diet, not wine, fights heart disease in France - CNN, 5/28/99
• Moderate Drinking May Protect Heart By Improving Insulin Resistance - Doctor's Guide, 6/26/98

Abstracts:

• Shortened telomeres in individuals with abuse in alcohol consumption - Int J Cancer. 2011 Feb 23 - "Alcohol abuse leads to earlier onset of aging-related diseases, including cancer at multiple sites. Shorter telomere length (TL) in peripheral blood leucocytes (PBLs), a marker of biological aging, has been associated with alcohol-related cancer risks ... To investigated the effect of alcohol abuse on PBL TL and its interaction with alcohol metabolic genotypes, we examined 200 drunk-driving traffic offenders diagnosed as alcohol abusers as per the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders [DSM-IV-TR] and enrolled in a probation program, and 257 social drinkers (controls) ... TL was nearly halved in alcohol abusers compared to controls (GMs 0.42 vs. 0.87 relative T/S ratio; P<0.0001) and decreased in relation with increasing drink-units/day (P-trend=0.003). Individuals drinking >4 drink-units/day had substantially shorter TL than those drinking ≤4 drink-units/day (GMs 0.48 vs. 0.61 T/S, P=0.002). Carriers of the common ADH1B*1/*1 (rs1229984) genotype were more likely to be abusers (P=0.008), reported higher drink-units/day (P=0.0003), and exhibited shorter TL (P<0.0001). The rs698 ADH1C and rs671 ALDH2 polymorphisms were not associated with TL. The decrease in PBL-TL modulated by the alcohol metabolic genotype ADH1B*1/*1 may represent a novel mechanism potentially related to alcohol carcinogenesis in alcohol abusers"
• Association between alcohol consumption and carotid intima-media thickness in a healthy population: data of the STRATEGY study (Stress, Atherosclerosis and ECG Study) - Eur J Clin Nutr. 2010 Jul 28 - "The mean IMT was significantly higher in men with an alcohol intake above the upper limit of 20 g/day than in men with an alcohol intake <20 g/day (P<0.001). According to a stepwise linear regression model adjusted for age, conventional risk factors, nutrition and physical activity, the IMT increases by 0.0253 mm per 21.4 g/day intake of alcohol in men (P<0.05).Conclusions: The STRATEGY study revealed a positive association between alcohol consumption and carotid IMT in healthy men aged 30-70 years. This relationship remained significant after adjustment for nutrition, physical activity, anthropometry and conventional cardiovascular risk factors"
• The impact of alcohol consumption on the risk of cancer among men: A 20-year follow-up study from Finland - Eur J Cancer. 2010 May 3 - "About 6.7% of the cancer cases in this cohort were due to alcohol consumption"
• Alcohol consumption as a risk factor for dementia and cognitive decline: meta-analysis of prospective studies - Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2009 Jul;17(7):542-55 - "Alzheimer disease (AD) ... vascular dementia (VaD) ... The pooled relative risks (RRs) of AD, VaD, and Any dementia for light to moderate drinkers compared with nondrinkers were 0.72 (95% CI = 0.61-0.86), 0.75 (95% CI = 0.57-0.98), and 0.74 (95% CI = 0.61-0.91), respectively. When the more generally classified "drinkers," were compared with "nondrinkers," they had a reduced risk of AD (RR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.47-0.94) and Any dementia (RR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.53-0.82) but not cognitive decline. There were not enough data to examine VaD risk among "drinkers." Those classified as heavy drinkers did not have an increased risk of Any dementia compared with nondrinkers, but this may reflect sampling bias. Our results suggest that alcohol drinkers in late life have reduced risk of dementia. It is unclear whether this reflects selection effects in cohort studies commencing in late life, a protective effect of alcohol consumption throughout adulthood, or a specific benefit of alcohol in late life"
• Long-term Alcohol Consumption and Risk of Endometrial Cancer Incidence: A Prospective Cohort Study - Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2009 Jan;18(1):355-8 - "During a mean follow-up of 17.6 years, 687 endometrial cancer cases were identified in the Swedish cancer registries. We found no association between alcohol consumption and endometrial cancer risk after adjustment for age, body mass index, and smoking"
• Brain Atrophy in Alcoholics: Relationship with Alcohol Intake; Liver Disease; Nutritional Status, and Inflammation - Alcohol Alcohol. 2007 Sep 11 - "Brain atrophy is frequently observed in alcoholics, but relationships with liver function, cytokines, nutritional status, and hormone levels are poor"
• Moderate alcohol consumption in older adults is associated with better cognition and well-being than abstinence - Age Ageing. 2007 Mar 12 - "in middle-aged and older men and women, moderate levels of alcohol consumption are associated with better cognitive health than abstinence"
• Shaken, not stirred: bioanalytical study of the antioxidant activities of martinis - BMJ, 12/18/99

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