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Anti-aging Research > Flavonoids
Flavonoids
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Fisetin Longevity Benefits | Mayo Clinic
Trials - Dr Brad Stanfield, YouTube
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Therapeutic and prophylactic
effect of flavonoids in post-COVID-19 therapy - Phytother Res 2022 Mar 18 -
"Based on articles published from 2003 to 2021, we
summarize the flavonoids-based molecular mechanisms associated with the
post-COVID-19 syndrome and simultaneously provide a complex view regarding their
prophylactic and therapeutic potential. Review clearly sorts out the outcome of
post-COVID-19 syndrome according particular body systems. The conclusion is that
flavonoids play an important role in prevention of many diseases. We suggest
that flavonoids as critical nutritional supplements, are suitable for the
alleviation and shortening of the period associated with the post-COVID-19
syndrome. The most promising flavonoid with noteworthy therapeutic and
prophylactic effect appears to be quercetin" - See
quercetin at Amazon.com.
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Gut bacteria and flavonoid-rich foods are linked and improve blood pressure
levels - AHA, 8/23/21 - "Eating 1.6 servings of
berries per day (one serving equals 80 grams, or 1 cup) was associated with an
average reduction in systolic blood pressure levels of 4.1 mm Hg, and about 12%
of the association was explained by gut microbiome factors ... Drinking 2.8
glasses (125 ml of wine per glass) of red wine a week was associated with an
average of 3.7 mm Hg lower systolic blood pressure level, of which 15% could be
explained by the gut microbiome." - See
flavonoids at Amazon.com and
flavonoids at iHerb.com.
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Flavonoids Dietary
'Powerhouses' for Cognitive Decline Prevention - Medscape, 8/9/21 -
"Among
the different types of flavonoids, flavones (found in some spices and yellow or
orange fruits and vegetables) and anthocyanins (found in blueberries,
blackberries, and cherries) seem to have most protective effect ... Those in the
highest quintile of flavonoid consumption consumed about 600 mg daily on average
while those in the lowest quintile only got about 150 mg daily ... Individuals
in the highest quintile of daily consumption had about a 20% lower risk of SCD
relative to peers in the lowest quintile (pooled multivariable-adjusted odds
ratio [OR]: 0.81; 95% CI, 0.76 - 0.89) ... The strongest protective associations
were found for flavones (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.57 - 0.68), flavanones (OR, 0.64;
95% CI, 0.58 - 0.68), and anthocyanins (OR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.72 - 0.84" -
See blueberry extract at Amazon.com and
iHerb and anthocyanins at Amazon.com and
iHerb.
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Adding
color to your plate may lower risk of cognitive decline - Science Daily,
7/29/21 - "The people in the group that represented the
highest 20% of flavonoid consumers, on average, had about 600 milligrams (mg) in
their diets each day, compared to the people in the lowest 20% of flavonoid
consumers, who had about 150 mg in their diets each day. Strawberries, for
example, have about 180 mg of flavonoids per 100 gram serving, while apples have
about 113 ... After adjusting for factors like age and total caloric intake,
people who consumed more flavonoids in their diets reported lower risk of
cognitive decline. The group of highest flavonoid consumers had 20% less risk of
self-reported cognitive decline than the people in the lowest group."
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FISETIN Benefits vs Resveratrol |
Powerful Age Reversal 2020 - 16 minute YouTube video. See my
flavonoid, resveratrol and pterostilbene pages. See
Fisetin at Amazon.com,
resveratrol products at Amazon.com and
pterostilbene at Amazon.com.
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High
flavanol diet may lead to lower blood pressure - Science Daily, 10/21/20 -
"The findings, published in Scientific Reports, studied
the diet of more than 25,000 people in Norfolk, UK and compared what they ate
with their blood pressure. In contrast to most other studies investigating links
between nutrition and health, the researchers did not rely on study participants
reporting their diet, but instead measured flavanol intake objectively using
nutritional biomarkers -- indicators of dietary intake, metabolism or
nutritional status that are present in our blood ... The difference in blood
pressure between those with the lowest 10% of flavanol intake and those with the
highest 10% of intake was between 2 and 4 mmHg. This is comparable to meaningful
changes in blood pressure observed in those following a Mediterranean diet or
Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet. Notably, the effect was
more pronounced in participants with hypertension." - See
flavonoids at Amazon.com and
flavonoids at iHerb.com.
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The Foods That May Lower Dementia Risk - NYT, 5/20/20 -
"Compared with those in the 15th percentile or lower for
flavonoid intake, those in the 60th or higher had a 42 to 68 percent lower risk
for dementia, depending on the type of flavonoid consumed ... Intake of one type
of flavonoid, anthocyanins, abundant in blueberries, strawberries and red wine,
had the strongest association with lowered risk. Apples, pears, oranges, bananas
and tea also contributed ... the amount consumed by those who benefited the most
was not large. Their monthly average was about seven half-cup servings of
strawberries or blueberries, eight apples or pears, and 17 cups of tea"
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Fruits, Tea May Help Fend Off Alzheimer's Disease - WebMD, 5/13/20 -
"The researchers suspect that flavonoids -- substances
naturally found in plant foods -- are providing these potential benefits in
brain health. One major health benefit associated with flavonoids is reduced
inflammation. Inflammation has been linked to Alzheimer's disease and other
forms of dementia"
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More
berries, apples and tea may have protective benefits against Alzheimer's -
Science Daily, 5/5/20 - "The research team determined
that low intake of three flavonoid types was linked to higher risk of dementia
when compared to the highest intake. Specifically: Low intake of flavonols
(apples, pears and tea) was associated with twice the risk of developing ADRD
... Low intake of anthocyanins (blueberries, strawberries, and red wine) was
associated with a four-fold risk of developing ADRD ... Low intake of flavonoid
polymers (apples, pears, and tea) was associated with twice the risk of
developing ADRD ... The results were similar for AD" - See
blueberry extract at Amazon.com.
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First Evidence Dietary
Flavonols Linked to Lower Alzheimer Risk - Medscape, 1/30/20 -
"Kaempferol, isorhamnetin, and myricetin may not be
household names, but investigators at Rush University Medical Center in Chicago,
Illinois, found that for those who reported diets highest in these flavonols,
the rate of incident AD was 48% lower than that of their counterparts who
consumed the lowest levels of these dietary compounds ... Kale, beans, spinach,
apples, olive oil, and tomato sauce are among the sources richest of these
flavonols"
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Flavonoid-rich diet protects against cancer and heart disease, study finds -
Science Daily, m8/13/19 - "Participants consuming about 500mg of total
flavonoids each day had the lowest risk of a cancer or heart disease-related
death ... It's important to consume a variety of different flavonoid compounds
found in different plant based food and drink. This is easily achievable through
the diet: one cup of tea, one apple, one orange, 100g of blueberries, and 100g
of broccoli would provide a wide range of flavonoid compounds and over 500mg of
total flavonoids."
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An
orange a day keeps macular degeneration away: 15-year study - Science Daily,
7/12/18 - "people who ate at least one serving of
oranges every day had more than a 60% reduced risk of developing late macular
degeneration 15 years later ... the data showed that flavonoids in oranges
appear to help prevent against the eye disease ... Flavonoids are powerful
antioxidants found in almost all fruits and vegetables, and they have important
anti-inflammatory benefits for the immune system"
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Compound in citrus oil could reduce dry mouth in head, neck cancer patients
- Science Daily, 5/21/18 - "The compound, called
d-limonene, protected cells that produce saliva in mice exposed to radiation
therapy -- without diminishing the tumor-fighting effects of the radiation. The
researchers, led by graduate student Julie Saiki, also showed that d-limonene
taken orally is transported to the salivary gland in humans" - See
d-limonene at Amazon.com.
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Flavonoids may slow lung function decline due to aging - Science Daily,
5/21/18 - "The study found individuals in the highest,
compared to the lowest, quartile of anthocyanin intake had: a slower rate of
annual decline in FEV1 than those in the lowest quartile: -9.8 milliliters per
year (mL/yr) vs. -18.9 mL/yr ... a slower rate of annual decline in FVC than
those in the lowest quartile: -9.8 mL/yr vs. -22.2 mL/yr ... a slower rate of
annual decline in FEV1/FVC: -0.02/yr" - See
blueberry extract at Amazon.com
 .
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Mulberry extract activates brown fat, shows promise as obesity treatment -
Science Daily, 10/26/16 - "a natural compound in
mulberries, called "rutin," can activate the BAT in our bodies to increase
metabolism and facilitate weight loss ... Rutin treatment significantly reduced
adiposity, increased energy expenditure, and improved glucose homeostasis in
both the genetically obese mice and the mice with diet-induced obesity.
Specifically, the researchers found that rutin directly binds to and stabilizes
SIRT1 (NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin-1), leading to hypoacetylation of PGC1α
protein, which stimulates Tfam transactivation and eventually augments
mitochondrial number and UCP1 activity in BAT" - See
rutin at Amazon.com.
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Mulberry extract activates brown fat, shows promise as obesity treatment -
Science Daily, 10/26/16 - "a natural compound in
mulberries, called "rutin," can activate the BAT in our bodies to increase
metabolism and facilitate weight loss ... Rutin treatment significantly reduced
adiposity, increased energy expenditure, and improved glucose homeostasis in
both the genetically obese mice and the mice with diet-induced obesity.
Specifically, the researchers found that rutin directly binds to and stabilizes
SIRT1 (NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin-1), leading to hypoacetylation of PGC1α
protein, which stimulates Tfam transactivation and eventually augments
mitochondrial number and UCP1 activity in BAT" - See
rutin at Amazon.com.
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Greater
flavonoid intake is associated with improved CVD risk factors in US adults -
Br J Nutr. 2016 Mar 2:1-8 - "This study showed that
higher flavonoid intake was associated with improved CVD risk factors. Further
research is warranted to confirm the findings from this study as these
associations were moderate in strength"
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Blueberries, citrus fruits, red wine associated with reduced erectile
dysfunction - Science Daily, 1/13/16 - "Of all the
different flavonoids, Anthocyanins (found in blueberries, cherries,
blackberries, radishes and blackcurrant), flavanones and flavones (found in
citrus fruits) were found to offer the greatest benefits in preventing the
condition ... It is already known that increased exercise can improve erectile
function, but this research shows that eating a flavonoid-rich diet is as good
for erectile function as briskly walking for up to five hours a week"
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Tea,
citrus products could lower ovarian cancer risk, new research finds -
Science Daily, 10/28/14 - "The research reveals that
women who consume foods containing flavonols and flavanones (both subclasses of
dietary flavonoids) significantly decrease their risk of developing epithelial
ovarian cancer ... The main sources of these compounds include tea and citrus
fruits and juices" - See
Garden of Life, Radical Fruits Antioxidant Complex at Amazon.com.
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Dietary
cocoa flavanols reverse age-related memory decline in mice - Science Daily,
10/26/14 - "Most methods of processing cocoa remove many
of the flavanols found in the raw plant ... 37 healthy volunteers, ages 50 to
69, were randomized to receive either a high-flavanol diet (900 mg of flavanols
a day) or a low-flavanol diet (10 mg of flavanols a day) for three months. Brain
imaging and memory tests were administered to each participant before and after
the study ... When we imaged our research subjects' brains, we found noticeable
improvements in the function of the dentate gyrus in those who consumed the
high-cocoa-flavanol drink ... The high-flavanol group also performed
significantly better on the memory test ... If a participant had the memory of a
typical 60-year-old at the beginning of the study, after three months that
person on average had the memory of a typical 30- or 40-year-old ... The precise
formulation used in the CUMC study has also been shown to improve cardiovascular
health ... the product used in the study is not the same as chocolate, and they
caution against an increase in chocolate consumption in an attempt to gain this
effect"
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What Is Fisetin? And Does
It Slow Dementia? - Medscape, 4/3/14 - "The compound is known to have both
antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects on brain cells. They have now
investigated the memory-protecting effects of fisetin in a strain of
double-transgenic Alzheimer's disease (AD) mice. Three-month-old mice had
fisetin added to their food. By 9 months of age, mice that had not received
fisetin began performing more poorly in water mazes, a standard test of animal
learning and memory. Mice fed fisetin daily performed as well as control mice
without the Alzheimer's transgene at both 9 months and 1 year old. The
researchers next found that in AD mice with memory impairment, pathways involved
in cellular inflammation were activated. In fisetin-fed AD mice, those pathways
were dampened, and anti-inflammatory molecules were activated" - See fisetin at Amazon.com.
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Natural
plant compound prevents Alzheimer's disease in mice - Science Daily, 1/27/14
- "A chemical that's found in fruits and vegetables from strawberries to
cucumbers appears to stop memory loss that accompanies Alzheimer's disease in
mice ... In experiments on mice that normally develop Alzheimer's symptoms less
than a year after birth, a daily dose of the compound -- -a flavonol called
fisetin -- -prevented the progressive memory and learning impairments" - See fisetin at Amazon.com.
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Ingredients in Chocolate, Tea, Berries Could Guard Against Diabetes - Science Daily, 1/20/14 -
"Researchers studied almost 2,000 healthy women
volunteers from TwinsUK who had completed a food questionnaire designed to
estimate total dietary flavonoid intake as well as intakes from six
flavonoid subclasses ... those who consumed plenty of anthocyanins and
flavones had lower insulin resistance. High insulin resistance is associated
with Type 2 diabetes, so what we are seeing is that people who eat foods
rich in these two compounds -- such as berries, herbs, red grapes, wine- are
less likely to develop the disease ... We also found that those who ate the
most anthocyanins were least likely to suffer chronic inflammation -- which
is associated with many of today's most pressing health concerns including
diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, and cancer ... those who consumed
the most flavone compounds had improved levels of a protein (adiponectin)
which helps regulate a number of metabolic processes including glucose
levels" - See
Garden of Life, Radical Fruits Antioxidant Complex at Amazon.com.
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Celery, artichokes contain flavonoids that kill human pancreatic cancer
cells - Science Daily, 8/15/13 - "Apigenin alone
induced cell death in two aggressive human pancreatic cancer cell lines. But
we received the best results when we pre-treated cancer cells with apigenin
for 24 hours, then applied the chemotherapeutic drug gemcitabine for 36
hours ... our study indicated that taking antioxidant supplements on the
same day as chemotherapeutic drugs may negate the effect of those drugs ...
One of the ways that chemotherapeutic drugs kill cells is based on their
pro-oxidant activity, meaning that flavonoids and chemotherapeutic drugs may
compete with each other when they're introduced at the same time ... In one
of the cancer cell lines, the percentage of cells undergoing apoptosis went
from 8.4 percent in cells that had not been treated with the flavonoid to
43.8 percent in cells that had been treated with a 50-micromolar dose. In
this case, no chemotherapy drug had been added"
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Strawberries, blueberries may cut heart attack risk in women - Science
Daily, 1/14/13 - "Blueberries and strawberries
contain high levels of naturally occurring compounds called dietary
flavonoids, also found in grapes and wine, blackberries, eggplant, and other
fruits and vegetables. A specific sub-class of flavonoids, called
anthocyanins, may help dilate arteries, counter the buildup of plaque and
provide other cardiovascular benefits ... Nurses' Health Study II ... women
completed questionnaires about their diet every four years for 18 years ...
Women who ate the most blueberries and strawberries had a 32-percent
reduction in their risk of heart attack compared to women who ate the
berries once a month or less"
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Increased flavonoid intake reduced risk for aggressive prostate cancer -
Science Daily, 10/17/12 - "Men with the highest
total intake of flavonoids had a 25 percent lower risk for aggressive
prostate cancer compared with those men with the lowest flavonoid intake ...
higher total flavonoid intake was associated with reduced odds for
aggressive prostate cancer in both African-American and European-American
men, but no individual subclass of flavonoids appeared to be protective
independently, suggesting that it is important to consume a variety of
plant-based foods in the diet, rather than to focus on one specific type of
flavonoid or flavonoid-rich food"
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Dark
chocolate, cocoa compounds, may reduce blood pressure - Science Daily,
8/14/12 - "The researchers reviewed evidence from
short-term trials in which participants were given dark chocolate or cocoa
powder daily and found that their blood pressure dropped slightly compared
to a control group ... Cocoa contains compounds called flavanols, thought to
be responsible for the formation of nitric oxide in the body. Nitric oxide
causes blood vessel walls to relax and open wider, thereby reducing blood
pressure. The link between cocoa and blood pressure stems from the discovery
that the indigenous people of San Blas Island in Central American, who drink
flavanol-rich cocoa drinks every day, have normal blood pressure regardless
of age ... Flavanol-rich chocolate or cocoa powder reduced blood pressure on
average by 2-3 mm Hg" - [Abstract]
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Cocoa May Sharpen Aging Brain - WebMD, 8/13/12 -
"included 90 elderly people who already had mild cognitive impairment (MCI)
... For eight weeks, they drank a cocoa drink that had high, medium, or low
amounts of antioxidants called flavanols. Those who got high and medium
levels of flavanols in their drink did better on tests of attention and
other mental skills, compared to people who got low amounts of flavanols"
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Flavonoid compound found in foods and supplements may prevent the formation
of blood clots, study suggests - Science Daily, 5/8/12 -
"It's not always fully appreciated that the majority
of Americans will die as the result of a blood clot in either their heart or
their brain ... The study focused on protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) which
is found in all cells. Investigators in BIDMC's Division of Hemostasis and
Thrombosis had previously shown that PDI is rapidly secreted from both
platelets and endothelial cells during thrombosis, when a clot forms in a
blood vessel, and that inhibition of PDI could block thrombosis in a mouse
model ... Among the more than 5,000 compounds that were screened,
quercetin-3-rutinoside (rutin) emerged as the most potent agent ...
Surprisingly, studies of the rutin molecule demonstrated that the same part
of the molecule that provides rutin with its ability to inhibit PDI also
prevents the compound from entering cells ... "That finding explained how
this compound can be both a potent inhibitor of PDI and a safe food
supplement," ... Rutin proved to be the most potently anti-thrombotic
compound that we ever tested in this model ... This discovery suggests that
a single agent can treat and prevent both types of clots" - See
rutin at Amazon.com.
- Evidence for
a Protective Effect of Polyphenols-containing Foods on Cardiovascular Health
- Medscape, 4/5/12 - "There is supportive clinical
evidence for the beneficial effects of some flavonoids-rich foods or
supplements on multiple endpoints of cardiovascular risk, the more
convincing being reduction in BP and improvement in endothelial function ...
In addition to their identified beneficial impact on BP and endothelial
function, flavonoid-rich dietary sources might also favourably modulate
arterial stiffness" - See
grape seed extract at Amazon.com.
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Eating flavonoids protects men against Parkinson's disease, study finds
- Science Daily, 4/4/12 - "This latest study is the
first study in humans to show that flavonoids can protect neurons against
diseases of the brain such as Parkinson's ... male participants who ate the
most flavonoids were shown to be 40 per cent less likely to develop the
disease than those who ate the least. No similar link was found for total
flavonoid intake in women ... a sub-class of flavonoids called anthocyanins
may have neuroprotective effects ... In this study the main protective
effect was from higher intake of anthocyanins, which are present in berries
and other fruits and vegetables including aubergines, blackcurrants and
blackberries. Those who consumed the most anthocyanins had a 24 per cent
reduction in risk of developing Parkinson's disease and strawberries and
blueberries were the top two sources in the US diet" - See
blueberry extract at Amazon.com.
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Skip the carrots. Chocolate improves eyesight, too - MSNBC, 8/8/11 -
"They took the tests twice, once after eating a dark
chocolate bar, and once after eating a white chocolate bar. The difference
between the two chocolate bars was the amount of flavanols -- a natural
compound in cocoa -- they contained. Of course, the dark chocolate bar
contained loads of cocoa flavanols, the white chocolate bar only a trace ...
the study participants did perform better on the vision tests and on some of
the brain function tests after eating the dark chocolate ... They attribute
their findings to cocoa flavanol’s known ability to increase blood flow to
the brain, and they speculate that the stuff might also increase blood flow
to the retina of the eye"
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Eating berries may lower risk of Parkinson's - Science Daily - Science
Daily, 2/13/11 - "Flavonoids are found in plants and
fruits and are also known collectively as vitamin P and citrin. They can
also be found in berry fruits, chocolate, and citrus fruits such as
grapefruit ... participants were followed for 20 to 22 years ... the top 20
percent who consumed the most flavonoids were about 40 percent less likely
to develop Parkinson's disease than the bottom 20 percent of male
participants who consumed the least amount of flavonoids. In women, there
was no relationship between overall flavonoid consumption and developing
Parkinson's disease. However, when sub-classes of flavonoids were examined,
regular consumption of anthocyanins, which are mainly obtained from berries,
were found to be associated with a lower risk of Parkinson's disease in both
men and women" - See
blueberry extract at Amazon.com
and
bilberry at Amazon.com.
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Chocolate eaters
may have healthier hearts: study - MSNBC, 11/8/10 -
"The authors found that women older than 70 who ate
chocolate at least once per week were 35 percent less likely to be
hospitalized or die from heart disease over the course of the study, and
nearly 60 percent less likely to be hospitalized or die from heart failure
... The danger is that many people will start eating more of it than is
necessary, without cutting back in calories from other snacks, which will
result in weight gain and will counteract any beneficial effects of
chocolate ... Flavonoids are thought to reduce the risk of heart disease,
the leading cause of death in many industrialized countries, by helping to
increase nitric oxide, which in turn helps boost the functioning of blood
vessels and lower blood pressure"
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Cocoa flavanols improve vascular and blood pressure measures for coronary
artery disease patients - Science Daily, 7/6/10 -
"The findings indicate that foods rich in flavanols
-- such as cocoa products, tea, wine, and various fruits and vegetables --
have a cardio-protective benefit for heart disease patients ... The study
found a protective effect from a cocoa drink with 375 mg of flavanols, but
according to researchers, a standard or recommended dosage has not yet been
defined to achieve optimal health benefit ... In the current study, the
benefit seen from the two-fold increase in circulating angiogenic cells was
similar to that achieved by therapy with statins and with lifestyle changes
such as exercise and smoking cessation"
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Dark
chocolate lowers blood pressure, research finds - Science Daily, 6/28/10
-
"Flavanols have been shown to increase the formation
of endothelial nitric oxide, which promotes vasodilation and consequently
may lower blood pressure. There have, however, been conflicting results as
to the real-life effects of eating chocolate. We've found that consumption
can significantly, albeit modestly, reduce blood pressure for people with
high blood pressure but not for people with normal blood pressure ... The
pressure reduction seen in the combined results for people with
hypertension, 5mm Hg systolic, may be clinically relevant -- it is
comparable to the known effects of 30 daily minutes of physical activity
(4-9mm Hg) and could theoretically reduce the risk of a cardiovascular event
by about 20% over five years"
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Flavonols may slash stroke risk in women: Study - Nutra USA, 2/9/10 -
"the researchers noted that a high intake of
flavonols, predominantly from tea in the Dutch population and from tea,
onions, apples, and broccoli in US studies, was associated with a 20 per
cent reduction in stroke risk" - [Abstract]
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Chemicals Found In Fruit And Vegetables Offer Dementia Hope - Science
Daily, 7/19/09 - "a new concept is emerging that
suggests flavonoids do not act simply as antioxidants but exert their
biological effects through other mechanisms. A small number of recent
studies carried out in models of Alzheimer’s disease have found that oral
administration of green tea flavonoids or grape flavonoids reduces brain
pathology and, in some cases, improves cognition. Dr Williams and colleagues
have focused their own cellular studies on a flavonoid called epicatechin,
which is abundant in a number of foodstuffs, including cocoa ... epicatechin
protects brain cells from damage but through a mechanism unrelated to its
antioxidant activity and shown in laboratory tests that it can also reduce
some aspects of Alzheimer’s disease pathology" - See
Jarrow Formulas, OPCs + 95, 100 mg, 100 Capsules
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Citrus-derived Flavonoid Prevents Obesity, Study Suggests - Science
Daily, 7/14/09 - "Naringenin corrected the
elevations in triglyceride and cholesterol, prevented the development of
insulin resistance and completely normalized glucose metabolism. The
researchers found it worked by genetically reprogramming the liver to burn
up excess fat, rather than store it ... Furthermore, the marked obesity that
develops in these mice was completely prevented by naringenin ... These
studies show naringenin, through its insulin-like properties, corrects many
of the metabolic disturbances linked to insulin resistance and represents a
promising therapeutic approach for metabolic syndrome" - See
naringenin products at iHerb.
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Chemopreventive Agents In Black Raspberries Identified - Science Daily,
1/8/09 - "anthocyanins, a class of flavonoids in
black raspberries, inhibited growth and stimulated apoptosis in the
esophagus of rats treated with an esophageal carcinogen" - [Nutra
USA]
-
Flavonoids’ heart health benefits in the blood vessels: Study - Nutra
USA, 10/10/08 - "A daily dose of quercetin or
(-)-epicatechin led to improvements in endothelial function, a key marker of
cardiovascular health" - [Abstract]
-
Isoflavones and Flavonols Reduce Ovarian Cancer Risk - oncologystat.com,
8/22/08 - "Women with the highest flavonoid intake
had a 37% lower risk of ovarian cancer than those with the lowest intake. A
high intake of isoflavones, in particular, was associated with a 49%
decreased ovarian cancer risk"
-
Cocoa
for Diabetes? - WebMD, 5/27/08 - "Researchers
caution that the high-dose flavonol cocoa used in their study greatly
exceeds the typical U.S. dietary intake of 20 to 100 milligrams daily, and
you can't buy the extra-strength version in stores. Rather, they are
optimistic that flavonol-containing diets offer an innovative approach to
preventing heart disease"
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Plant Flavonoid In Celery And Green Peppers Found To Reduce Inflammatory
Response In The Brain - Science Daily, 5/20/08 -
"The new study looked at luteolin (LOO-tee-OH-lin), a plant flavonoid known
to impede the inflammatory response in several types of cells outside the
central nervous system ... Those cells that were also exposed to luteolin
showed a significantly diminished inflammatory response. Jang showed that
luteolin was shutting down production of a key cytokine in the inflammatory
pathway, interleukin-6 (IL-6). The effects of luteolin exposure were
dramatic, resulting in as much as a 90 percent drop in IL-6 production in
the LPS-treated cells ... Inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 are
very well known to inhibit certain types of learning and memory that are
under the control of the hippocampus, and the hippocampus is also very
vulnerable to the insults of aging ... If you had the potential to decrease
the production of inflammatory cytokines in the brain you could potentially
limit the cognitive deficits that result" - See
luteolin at Amazon.com.
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Plants' Flavonoids Have Beneficial Effect On Alzheimer's Disease, Study In
Mice Suggests - Science Daily, 5/7/08 -
"Researchers administered molecules called flavonoids, which are found in
certain fruits and vegetables, to a mouse model genetically programmed to
develop Alzheimer's disease. Using two of these molecules, luteolin and
diosmin, they were able to reduce the levels of a protein called
amyloid-beta, which forms the sticky deposits that build up in the brains of
patients with Alzheimer's"
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Flavonoid intake and the risk of ischaemic stroke and CVD mortality in
middle-aged Finnish men: the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor
Study - Br J Nutr. 2008 Apr 1;:1-6 - "men in the
highest quartile of flavonol and flavan-3-ol intakes had a relative risk of
0.55 (95 % CI 0.31, 0.99) and 0.59 (95 % CI 0.30, 1.14) for ischaemic
stroke, respectively, as compared with the lowest quartile. After
multivariate adjustment, the relative risk for CVD death in the highest
quartile of flavanone and flavone intakes were 0.54 (95 % CI 0.32, 0.92) and
0.65 (95 % CI 0.40, 1.05), respectively"
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Flavonoid intake and liver cancer: a case-control study in Greece -
Cancer Causes Control. 2008 Mar 19 - "hepatocellular
carcinoma (HCC) ... Flavone intake, mostly derived from spinach and peppers,
was inversely associated with both virus positive (P-trend, 0.049) and virus
negative (P-trend, 0.084) HCC"
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Could
foods prevent ovarian cancer? - MSNBC, 3/14/08 -
"Kaempferol — a flavonoid found in tea, broccoli, kale and spinach — and
luteolin — which is provided by peppers, carrots, cabbage and celery — were
both identified as cancer protective. Women who consumed the most of these
two flavonoids were 40 percent and 34 percent less likely, respectively, to
develop ovarian cancer compared to women who consumed the least ... A 2007
study published in the British Journal of Nutrition linked greater
consumption of carotenoid phytochemicals with a 67 percent lower risk of
ovarian cancer. This included not only beta-carotene, the oft-cited
carotenoid in deep-orange vegetables and fruits, but also alpha-carotene,
beta-cryptoxanthin, lutein and zeaxanthin — carotenoids found in a wide
range of red, orange, yellow and green vegetables" - See
Jarrow Formulas, CarotenALL, Mixed Carotenoid Complex at Amazon.com.
-
Citrus flavanones show neuroprotection potential - Nutra USA, 1/21/08 -
"These results first demonstrate that the citrus
flavanones hesperidin, hesperetin, and neohesperidin, even at physiological
concentrations, have neuroprotective effects against H2O2-induced
cytotoxicity in PC12 cells ... These dietary antioxidants are potential
candidates for use in the intervention for neurodegenerative diseases ...
One such disease that is mentioned Alzheimer's disease" - [Abstract]
- See
hesperidin at Amazon.com.
-
Chemical In Red Wine, Fruits And Vegetables Counters Unhealthy Effects Of
High-fat Foods - Science Daily, 1/2/08 -
"consuming polyphenols (natural compounds in red wine, fruits, and
vegetables) simultaneously with high-fat foods may reduce health risks
associated with these foods"
-
Flavonoid-rich Diet Helps Women Decrease Risk Of Ovarian Cancer -
Science Daily, 11/19/07 - "the researchers found a
40 percent reduction in ovarian cancer risk among the women with the highest
kaempferol intake, compared with women with the lowest intake. They also
found a 34 percent reduction in the risk of ovarian cancer among women with
the highest intake of luteolin, compared with women with the lowest intake"
-
Antioxidants may stop fat cells formation, says study - Nutra USA,
11/12/07 - "These results suggest that o-coumaric
acid and rutin targeted for adipocyte functions could be effective in
improving the symptoms of metabolic syndrome" - [Abstract]
-
Dark Chocolate Fights Heart Woes - WebMD, 11/5/07 -
"After two weeks, coronary circulation significantly
improved in participants who ate dark chocolate. There was no change among
those who ate white chocolate ... Cacao polyphenol contains four times as
many disease-fighting flavonoids per serving than red wine or tea"
-
Antioxidants May Fight Fat - WebMD, 11/2/07 -
"Those antioxidants didn't kill fat cells or slash the number of fat cells
in the test tubes. Instead, they made fat cells cut their production of
triglycerides, which are a heart hazard. The antioxidants did that by
curbing an enzyme needed to make triglycerides ... That particular enzyme
was most effectively reduced by the phenolic acid o-coumaric acid and the
flavonoid rutin"
-
Flavonoids Govern Cell Processes, Enhance Health - Science Daily,
10/11/07
-
Apples and onions may slash pancreatic cancer risk - Nutra USA, 10/1/07
- "Of the three individual flavonols, they report
that kaempferol was associated with the largest risk reduction (22 per cent)
across all participants"
-
Flavonoids in Orange Juice Make It a Healthy Drink, Despite the Sugar -
Doctor's Guide, 7/17/07 - "the two types of
flavonoids in orange juice -- hesperetin and naringenin -- inhibited ROS
generation by 52% and 77%, respectively ... Our data are relevant to
patients with diabetes ... because stress from ROS and inflammation are
increased significantly in this population and may contribute to development
of atherosclerosis"
-
Tea, Chocolate Chemical May Boost Memory - WebMD, 5/30/07 -
"studied epicatechin, which is a type of antioxidant
called a flavonol, in female mice ... The mice that consumed epicatechin did
better at memorizing the maze than the mice that got no epicatechin. The
mice that consumed epicatechin and also ran on their running wheels had the
best results of all"
-
Red
Wine Protects The Prostate - Science Daily, 5/25/07 -
"men who drink an average of four to seven glasses
of red wine per week are only 52% as likely to be
diagnosed with prostate cancer as those who do
not drink red wine ... when white wine was compared with red, red had the
most benefit ... But much of the speculation focuses on chemicals—including
various flavonoids and
resveratrol—missing from other alcoholic beverages"
-
Flavonoids linked to colorectal cancer protection - Nutra USA, 8/9/06 -
"A diet rich in certain flavonoids, from eating
plenty of fruit and vegetables, could reduce the risk of colorectal cancer
by over 40 per cent, says a large observational study from Italy"
-
Researchers Reveal Apples' Protective Ways: Molecular Mechanism Of
Flavonoid-rich Fruit Discovered - Science Daily, 5/18/06 -
"the flavonoids in apples and apple juice can
inhibit signals in this pathway that would otherwise damage or kill cells in
the body"
-
Food Antioxidants, Vitamin D Fight Breast Cancer - HealthDay, 4/7/06 -
"postmenopausal women who consumed high levels of
flavonoids, a class of antioxidants found in plants, had a 45 percent lower risk
of breast cancer ... Those who had the highest levels of intake of kaempferol
had a 38 percent decrease in the incidence of ovarian cancer compared to women
with the lowest levels of this flavonoid ... those with the highest blood levels
of a vitamin D metabolite known as 25-hydroxyvitamin D had a 50 percent reduced
risk of breast cancer" - [Science
Daily]
-
Grapefruit flavonoid could repair DNA, may protect against cancer -
Nutra USA, 2/15/06 - "Naringenin, a flavonoid found
in grapefruit and oranges, helped to repair damaged DNA in cancer cells"
-
Heart-healthy Compound In Chocolate Identified - Science Daily, 1/20/06
- "epicatechin, one of a group of chemicals known as
flavanols, was directly linked to improved circulation and other hallmarks
of cardiovascular health"
-
Why Cocoa May Help
Heart Health - WebMD, 1/18/06 -
"cocoa's antioxidants -- called flavonoids -- coax
the body into making more nitric oxide, which relaxes the blood vessels"
-
Flavonoids May Inhibit Prostate Cancer - Science Daily, 10/21/05 -
"Our findings suggest that apigenin could be
developed as a promising agent against prostate cancer"
-
Dark Chocolate May Cut High Blood Pressure - WebMD, 7/18/05 -
"With dark chocolate, 24-hour systolic blood
pressure dropped 12 points; diastolic blood pressure dipped 8.5 points ...
Insulin sensitivity and LDL cholesterol also improved with dark chocolate
... the dark chocolate we used had a high level of flavonoids"
-
In
Chocolate, More Cocoa Means Higher Antioxidant Capacity - Science Daily,
4/23/05
-
Chocolate compound stops cancer cell cycle in lab - Nutra USA, 4/18/05 -
"the breast cancer cells stopped dividing when
treated with pentamer and that all four proteins were inactivated ... the
novel aspect here is that a pattern of several regulatory proteins are
jointly deactivated, probably greatly enhancing the inhibitory effect
compared to targeting any one of the proteins singly"
- Is chocolate good for you?
- MSNBC, 4/1/05 -
"One study that compared the total antioxidant
activity in single servings of cocoa, green tea, black tea and red wine
scored cocoa markedly higher than the rest"
-
Grapes May Stop Cancer Cells - WebMD, 3/31/05 -
"grapes (and lots of other fruits and vegetables)
are rich in antioxidant compounds called flavonoids ... We are getting
direct evidence that these components in grapes work synergistically in
fighting cancer"
-
Flavonoids work together to inhibit cancer cells - Nutra USA, 3/30/05 -
"Components in grapes, including some newly
identified ones, work together to dramatically inhibit an enzyme crucial to
the proliferation of cancer cells"
- Chocolate -
Food of the Gods? - Dr. Murray's Natural Facts, 3/31/04
- Hot Cocoa May
Prevent Heart Disease - WebMD, 11/6/03 - "Hot
cocoa has more disease-fighting antioxidants than tea or red wine ... black
tea, green tea, red wine, and cocoa are "major" sources of antioxidants
called phenols and flavonoids -- antioxidant chemicals found naturally in
foods that can help prevent chronic diseases such as heart disease and
cancer" - Yeah, but what about the sugar and calories. See
green tea extract at Amazon.com. - Ben
-
Disease-Fighting Benefits of Organic Foods - WebMD, 3/6/03 -
"Recent evidence suggests that these micronutrients
play important roles in preventing cancer and heart disease ...
organic berries and corn had significantly more flavonoids than those
grown by conventional methods. And a third method -- called sustainable
farming -- yielded even higher flavonoid levels"
-
Plant Compound May Prevent Lung Cancer - WebMD, 2/19/03 -
"deguelin is found in several different types of
plant species and is part of a class of compounds in the flavonoid family
... deguelin appeared to target the cancerous and precancerous cells,
stopping their growth, while having minimal effects on the normal, healthy
cells ... deguelin is highly specific and seems to work by zeroing in on a
particular molecular pathway associated with
lung cancer
... the findings are especially interesting because there have been so few
agents that have shown potential to stop the progression of lung cancer"
-
Flavonoids found in chocolate may help reduce risk of heart disease -
HealthScout, 2/13/03 - "the main flavonoids in cocoa
-- flavan-3-ols -- are associated with a decreased risk of
cardiovascular disease ... Also, a third of the fat in chocolate is made
up of
oleic acid. That's a monosaturated fat, also found in olive oil, that's
been shown to benefit heart health"
- Garlic, Chives
Reduce Prostate Cancer - WebMD, 11/5/02 -
"filling your diet with
garlic and scallions can help reduce the chance of this potentially
deadly cancer ... Garlic and scallions, along with onions, leeks, chives,
and shallots, are rich in flavonols, substances in plants that have been
shown to have antitumor effects. All of these vegetables have previously
been linked to lower risks of cancers of the stomach, colon, esophagus, and
perhaps breast ... although fruits and vegetables slightly reduced
prostate cancer, the lower risk associated with allium vegetables was
much more pronounced"
- Apple a Day Gets
Rid of Doctor and More - WebMD, 9/13/02 -
"People eating foods rich in a variety of flavonoids
-- plant products that act like antioxidants -- were less likely to have
heart disease, stroke, and asthma. Type 2 diabetes also appeared to be less
common in this group. Plus, men that ate flavonoids had less lung and
prostate cancers"
-
Say Cheers: White Wine May Aid Lungs - Doctor's Guide, 5/21/02
- The Lungs Favor
White Wine - WebMD, 5/20/02 -
"those studies have shown that a daily dose of 1 to
3 glasses of red wine can improve
cardiovascular health ... We found that white wine intake was strongly
associated with better [lung] function ... One glass of wine per day equaled
a 1.5% higher lung function, adding one or two more years to the person's
lifetime; 3 glasses a day improved lung capacity by 3% ... He speculates
that white wine drinkers have higher levels of vitamin
antioxidants in their blood" - Also see
grape seed extract/Pycnogenol.
-
Drinking Tea May Help Prevent Heart Attacks - Doctor's Guide, 5/9/02 -
"Drinking more tea and increasing flavonoid
intake may help primary prevention of ischaemic heart disease ... The intake
of the dietary flavonoids quercetin,
kaempferol and myricetin was significantly associated inversely with fatal
myocardial infarction only in upper tertiles of intake"
- Tea Prolongs
Survival After Heart Attack - WebMD, 5/6/02 -
"Researchers say the findings add to a growing notion that the
antioxidant-rich flavonoids found in black and
green teas prevent
heart disease. But this is the first study to suggest that drinking tea
can actually protect the heart after damage has already occurred"
-
The Wizard is Oz - Life Extension Magazine, 11/01 -
"Best-selling author and nutritional guru to the
rich and famous, Oz Garcia is singing the praises of the Life Extension
Foundation and its products in his newest book,
The
Healthy High Tech Body, published in September 2001 ... Supplements at
the top of Garcia's list of recommendations ...
DHA ... NADH ...
Alpah Lipoic Acid
... Acetyl-L-Carnitine ... An expanded list of his
recommendations includes lycopene,
gamma tocopherol, vinpocetine, SAMe,
folic acid, carnosine,
glutathione, DMAE, Huperzine A,
probiotics, MSM,
secretagogues,
arginine pyroglutamate,
IP-6, bioflavonoid formulas and
grape skin/seed extracts"
-
Chocolate Boosts 'Good' Cholesterol And Protects Against Heart Disease
- Intelihealth, 10/25/01
- Chocolate Is Good
for the Heart - WebMD, 10/23/01 - "chocolate ...
has loads of antioxidants in the form of flavonoids, which are known to
reduce cardiovascular risk ... certain cocoas and chocolates -- taken in
small, regular doses -- seem to raise HDL, or the "good" cholesterol, while
lowering the "bad" variety called LDL, which can clog the arteries ... half
the group ate a "typical American diet" that was purposely low in
flavonoids. The other half ate the "experimental diet," which essentially
was the typical American diet plus cocoa powder (3/4 of an ounce) and dark
chocolate (half an ounce) ... They found that LDL cholesterol was oxidized
8% more slowly -- and that HDL cholesterol increased by 4% -- after the
people ate chocolate"
-
Pomegranates a Top Antioxidant - Nutrition Science News, 3/01 -
"pomegranate juice exhibits three times greater
antioxidant activity than other bioflavonoids such as red wine or green tea"
Abstracts:
-
Fisetin attenuates
doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by inhibiting the insulin-like growth factor
II receptor apoptotic pathway through estrogen receptor-α/-β activation -
Phytother Res 2023 Apr 26 - "Doxorubicin (DOX), an
effective chemotherapeutic drug, has been used to treat various cancers;
however, its cardiotoxic side effects restrict its therapeutic efficacy.
Fisetin, a flavonoid phytoestrogen derived from a range of fruits and
vegetables, has been reported to exert cardioprotective effects against
DOX-induced cardiotoxicity; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear
... These findings imply that fisetin has a significant therapeutic potential
against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity" - See
fisetin at Amazon.com.
-
Dietary flavonoid intake is
associated with a lower risk of diabetic nephropathy in US adults: data from
NHANES 2007-2008, 2009-2010, and 2017-2018 - Food Funct 2023 Apr 17 -
"Weighted logistic regression models demonstrated that
the total flavonoid intake in the second (OR: 0.642; 95% CI: 0.456-0.906), third
(OR: 0.665; 95% CI: 0.447-0.988), and the highest (OR: 0.551; 95% CI:
0.382-0.796) quantiles (versus the lowest) were associated with the decreased
risk of DN. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analyses showed that the total
flavonoid intake had a negative linear association with DN (p-value for
non-linearity was 0.003). Weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression analyses
revealed that flavan-3-ols, flavones, and anthocyanidins were the main
contributors for the combined effects of six flavonoid subclasses. Our findings
suggested that higher dietary flavonoid intake was associated with a decreased
risk of DN, with the greatest influence coming from flavan-3-ols, flavones, and
anthocyanidins" - See anthocyanins at Amazon.com.
-
Fisetin-loaded grape-derived
nanoparticles improve anticancer efficacy in MOLT-4 cells - Biochem Biophys
Res Commun 2023 Mar 15 - "Fisetin (FIS) is a natural
flavonoid with anti-proliferative and anti-apoptotic effects on different human
cancer cell lines and can be considered a therapeutic agent for ALL treatment.
However, FIS has little aqueous solubility and bioavailability, limiting its
therapeutic applications. Thus, novel drug delivery systems are needed to
improve solubility and bioavailability of FIS. Plant-derived nanoparticles
(PDNPs) could be considered a great delivery system for FIS to the target
tissues. In this study, we investigated the anti-proliferative and
anti-apoptotic effect of free FIS and FIS-loaded Grape-derived Nanoparticles
(GDN) FIS-GDN in MOLT-4 cells ... Our data proposed that FIS and FIS-GDN can
induce apoptosis and have antitumor properties in MOLT-4 cells. Furthermore,
compared to FIS, FIS-GDN induced more apoptosis in these cells by increasing the
solubility and efficiency of FIS. Additionally, GDNs increased FIS effectiveness
in proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction." - See
fisetin at Amazon.com.
-
Rutin and Hesperidin
Alleviate Paclitaxel-Induced Nephrocardiotoxicity in Wistar Rats via Suppressing
the Oxidative Stress and Enhancing the Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms - Evid
Based Complement Alternat Med 2023 Feb 22 - "Paclitaxel
is a primary chemotherapy agent that displays antitumor activity against a
variety of solid tumors. However, the clinical effectiveness of the drug is
hampered by its nephrotoxic and cardiotoxic side effects ... In
paclitaxel-treated rats, the treatment of rutin and hesperidin decreased the
elevated serum levels of creatinine, urea, and uric acid, indicating a recovery
of kidney functions. The cardiac dysfunction in paclitaxel-treated rats that got
rutin and hesperidin treatment also diminished, as shown by a substantial
reduction in elevated CK-MB and LDH activity ... Thus, paclitaxel likely induces
toxicity in the kidney and the heart by producing oxidative stress. The
treatments likely countered renal and cardiac dysfunction and histopathological
changes by suppressing oxidative stress and augmenting the antioxidant defenses.
Rutin and hesperidin combination was most efficacious in rescuing renal and
cardiac function as well as histological integrity in paclitaxel-administered
rats" - See rutin at Amazon.com and
hesperidin at Amazon.com.
-
The protection of luteolin
against diabetic cardiomyopathy in rats is related to reversing JNK-suppressed
autophagy - Food Funct. 2023 Feb 28 - "Increasing
evidence has shown that impaired autophagy dramatically causes myocardial
hypertrophy and fibrosis in the diabetic heart, ultimately leading to diabetic
cardiomyopathy (DCM). Luteolin has been reported to effectively attenuate
diabetic cardiovascular injury by inhibiting oxidative stress and alleviate
sepsis-induced myocardial injury by enhancing autophagy ... Luteolin
significantly improved cardiac function and attenuated myocardial
disorganization and fibrosis in the diabetic rat accompanying the dose-dependent
down-regulation of JNK, c-Jun, miR-221 and p62, increase of LC3-II/I and
autophagic vesicles, and decrease of mitochondrial swelling in the diabetic
heart. These data suggest that the protection of luteolin against DCM, at least,
is related to suppressing JNK/c-Jun-regulated miR-221 and the subsequent
blockage of autophagy" - See
luteolin products at Amazon.com.
-
Baicalin ameliorates high
fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice via adenosine
monophosphate-activated protein kinase-mediated regulation of SREBP1/Nrf2/NF-κB
signaling pathways - Phytother Res 2023 Feb 8 -
"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent chronic liver disease
around the world, imposing severe threats on human health. Unfortunately, no
clinically approved drugs are available for use as yet. Baicalin (BA) is
reported to have hepatoprotective effects, and it is not clear whether BA can
treat NAFLD and how ... Taken together, our study reveals the protective roles
of BA against HFD-caused NAFLD through AMPK-mediated modulation of
SREBP1/Nrf2/NF-κB pathways, suggesting that BA has potential drug development
implications" - See baicalin at
Amazon.com.
-
Diet Supplementation of
Luteolin Before Fatty Liver Formation Improves Hepatic Steatosis in Obese Mice
by Inhibiting Visceral Adipose Tissue Lipolysis - Mol Nutr Food Res 2023 Feb
9 - "Serotonin (5-HT)-induced visceral adipocyte
lipolysis is essential for the development of obesity-related complications.
Diet supplementation of luteolin prevents high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice against
obesity and associated fatty liver. However, independent of the body weight
loss, whether dietary luteolin can substantially reduce hepatic steatosis
remains unclear ... Diet supplementation of luteolin before the formation of
fatty liver protects HFD-fed mice against ectopic lipid deposition in liver by
inhibiting visceral adipocyte lipolysis" - See
luteolin products at Amazon.com.
-
Kaempferol prevents
acetaminophen-induced liver injury by suppressing hepatocyte ferroptosis via
Nrf2 pathway activation - Food Funct 2023 Jan 26 -
"Acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury (AILI) has become a growing public
health problem. Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of cell death associated
with lipid peroxide accumulation, has been recently implicated in AILI. The
activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway is a potential therapy for AILI.
Kaempferol (KA), a flavonoid widely existing in edible plants, has been reported
to exert profound anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities ... KA reversed
the APAP-induced decrease in cell viability and GSH levels and inhibited the
accumulation of intracellular ROS. Furthermore, KA activated the Nrf2 pathway
and upregulated Gpx4 in mouse livers and L02 cells to inhibit ferroptosis
induced by APAP. Finally, molecular docking indicated the potential interaction
of KA with Keap1. Taken together, KA ameliorated oxidative stress and
ferroptosis-mediated AILI by activating Nrf2 signaling" - See
Kaempferia parviflora at Amazon.com.
-
Kaempferol has potential
anti-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) targets based on bioinformatics
analyses and pharmacological effects on endotoxin-induced cytokine storm -
Phytother Res 2023 Feb 1 - "COVID-19 has infected 272
million patients and caused 5.33 million deaths around the world, and it remains
the main global threat. Previous studies revealed that Chinese traditional
medicine is an effective treatment for COVID-19 infection. This study aims to
reveal the pharmacological effects of kaempferol, which is the active component
of Radix Bupleuri and Tripterygii Radix, and potential mechanisms for the
treatment of COVID-19 ... In summary, our current work indicates that kaempferol
has anti-COVID-19 potential through the reduction of COVID-19-induced body
dysfunction and molecule-protein interaction, and bioinformatics results clarify
that some of these key target genes might serve as potential molecular markers
for detecting COVID-19" - See
Kaempferia parviflora at Amazon.com.
-
Luteolin and Exercise
Combination Therapy Ameliorates Amyloid-β1-42 Oligomers-Induced Cognitive
Impairment in Alzheimer's Disease Mice by Mediating Neuroinflammation and Autophagy
- J Alzheimers Dis 2023 Jan 25 - "Luteolin (100 mg/kg/d)
combined with exercise could significantly improve the performance of AD model
mice in novel object recognition test, and the improvement was greater than that
of monotherapy. Further experiments showed that luteolin and exercise alone or
in combination could reverse the increase of Aβ content, the activation of
astrocytes and microglia, and the decrease of the level of autophagy in
hippocampus and cortex in AD model induced by Aβ 1-42 oligomers. While the
combination therapy involved more intact hippocampal and cortical areas, with
greater degree of changes." - See
luteolin products at Amazon.com.
-
Fisetin, a dietary
flavonoid, increases the sensitivity of chemoresistant head and neck carcinoma
cells to cisplatin possibly through HSP90AA1/IL-17 pathway - Phytother Res
2023 Jan 11 - "Cisplatin (DDP) resistance is a bottleneck in the treatment of
head and neck cancer (HNC), leading to poor prognosis. Fisetin, a dietary
flavonoid, has low toxicity and high antitumor activity with unclear mechanisms
... Administration of fisetin increased the sensitivity of chemoresistant cells
(Cal27/DDP and FaDu/DDP) to DDP, accompanied by the downregulation of HSP90AA1
and IL-17. HSP90AA1 silencing increases the sensitivity of DDP-resistant cells
to DDP, which was mediated by IL-17. In summary, fisetin might inhibit the
chemoresistance of HNC cells to DDP by targeting the HSP90AA1/IL-17 pathway.
Several hub genes might be the targets of fisetin for reversing DDP-resistance
in HNC cells and might also serve as prognostic factors and therapeutic targets
for HNC" - See fisetin at Amazon.com.
-
Associations of dietary
flavonoids and subclasses with total and cardiovascular mortality among 369,827
older people: The NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study - Atherosclerosis 2022 Dec
17 - "high intakes of flavonoids were linked to lower
total and CVD mortality among older people. Our results extended the current
evidence that frequent consumption of flavonoids could be a practical approach
to improving cardiovascular health during aging" - See
flavonoids at Amazon.com.
-
Kaempferol attenuated
diabetic nephropathy by reducing apoptosis and promoting autophagy through AMPK/mTOR
pathways - Front Med (Lausanne) 2022 Nov 30 - "Renal
podocyte injury, apoptosis and autophagy are involved in the occurrence and
development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Kaempferol (KPF) has the promotion of
autophagy and inhibition of apoptosis properties in the development of
miscellaneous diseases, but these functions in DN have not yet been elucidated
... In conclusion, KPF might have a protective effect on DN through reduced
apoptosis and enhanced podocytes autophagy, which were correlated with
regulating AMPK/mTOR pathways" - See
Kaempferia parviflora at Amazon.com.
-
Eating more flavonols may slow cognitive decline: study - Hill, 11/28/22 -
"Those who consumed the highest amounts of foods with
kaempferol exhibited the slowest rate of cognitive decline compared with those
who ate the fewest foods with this flavonol. Kaempferol was followed by
myricetin and quercetin with regard to greatest impact on cognitive decline,
while isorhamnetin had no effect ... Quercetin has been associated with reducing
the onset of colorectal cancer, while kaempferol has been found to inhibit
cancer cell growth." - See
Kaempferia parviflora at Amazon.com.
-
Structural Insights into
Amelioration Effects of Quercetin and Its Glycoside Derivatives on NAFLD in Mice
by Modulating the Gut Microbiota and Host Metabolism - J Agric Food Chem
2022 Nov 9 - "The sugar moieties of natural flavonoids
determine their absorption, bioavailability, and bioactivity in humans. To
explore structure-dependent bioactivities of quercetin, isoquercetin, and rutin,
which have the same basic skeleton linking different sugar moieties, we
systemically investigated the ameliorative effects of dietary these flavonoids
on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) of mice.
Our results revealed that isoquercetin exhibits the strongest capability in
improving NAFLD phenotypes of mice, including body and liver weight gain,
glucose intolerance, and systemic inflammation in comparison with quercetin and
rutin. At the molecular level, dietary isoquercetin markedly ameliorated liver
dysfunction and host metabolic disorders in mice with NAFLD. At the microbial
level, the three flavonoids compounds, especially isoquercetin, can effectively
regulate the gut microbiota composition, such as genera Akkermansia,
Bifidobacterium, and Lactobacillus, which were significantly disrupted in NAFLD
mice. These comparative findings offer new insights into the structure-dependent
activities of natural flavonoids for NAFLD treatment" - See
quercetin at Amazon.com and
rutin at Amazon.com.
-
Luteolin can ameliorate
renal interstitial fibrosis-induced renal anaemia through the SIRT1/FOXO3
pathway - Food Funct 2022 Nov 2 - "In vivo,
haemoglobin and haematocrit were increased significantly, blood urea nitrogen
and creatinine were decreased significantly, and the degree of renal
interstitial injury and fibrosis was significantly alleviated in
luteolin-treated mice compared with model mice. Erythropoietin (EPO) and hypoxia
inducible factor 2A (HIF2A) levels were significantly increased and alpha smooth
muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen I (COLI) and fibronectin (FN) levels were
significantly decreased. Transcriptomic analysis revealed significant increases
in sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and forkhead box O3 (FOXO3) after luteolin intervention;
these effects were validated in vitro and in vivo. Combined treatment with
luteolin and the SIRT1 activator resveratrol or the SIRT1 inhibitor sirtinol and
SIRT1-siRNA transfection revealed that blocking SIRT1 reduced FOXO3 expression
and significantly decreased the benefits of luteolin, while resveratrol had the
opposite effects. Molecular docking analysis indicated a stable conformation
between luteolin and SIRT1. In vitro and in vivo systematic and transcriptomic
studies showed that luteolin attenuates renal anaemia caused by renal fibrosis
through the SIRT1/FOXO3 pathway" - See
luteolin products at Amazon.com.
-
Fisetin Attenuates
Arsenic-Induced Hepatic Damage by Improving Biochemical, Inflammatory,
Apoptotic, and Histological Profile: In Vivo and In Silico Approach - Evid
Based Complement Alternat Med 2022 Oct 20 - "In vivo and
in silico outcomes of the current study demonstrated that fisetin could
potentially ameliorate As-instigated hepatotoxicity" - See
fisetin at Amazon.com.
-
The Preventive Effects of
Naringin and Naringenin against Paclitaxel-Induced Nephrotoxicity and
Cardiotoxicity in Male Wistar Rats - Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2022
Sep 30 - "This study assessed the preventive properties
of naringin and naringenin on paclitaxel-induced nephrotoxicity and
cardiotoxicity in adult male Wistar rats. Intraperitoneal injection of
paclitaxel 2 mg/kg body weight, two days/week on the 2nd and 5th days of each
week, with or without oral administration of naringin and/or naringenin 10 mg/kg
body weight every other day, was continued for six weeks. Treatment of rats with
naringin and/or naringenin significantly reversed elevated serum creatinine,
urea, and uric acid levels caused by paclitaxel, reflecting improved kidney
function. Similarly, heart dysfunction induced by paclitaxel was alleviated
after treatment with naringin and/or naringenin, as evidenced by significant
decreases in elevated CK-MB and LDH activities. After drug administration,
histopathological findings and lesion scores in the kidneys and heart were
markedly decreased by naringin and/or naringenin. Moreover, the treatments
reversed renal and cardiac lipid peroxidation and the negative impacts on
antioxidant defenses via raising GSH, SOD, and GPx. The preventive effects of
naringin and naringenin were associated with suppressing oxidative stress and
reestablishing antioxidant defenses. A combination of naringin and naringenin
was the most efficacious in rescuing organ function and structure" - See
naringin at Amazon.com and
naringenin at Amazon.com.
-
Rutin prevents seizures in
kainic acid-treated rats: evidence of glutamate levels, inflammation and
neuronal loss modulation - Food Funct 2022 Sep 23 -
"Rutin, a naturally derived flavonoid molecule with known neuroprotective
properties, has been demonstrated to have anticonvulsive potential, but the
mechanism of this effect is still unclear ... Taken together, the results
indicate that the preventive treatment of rats with rutin attenuated KA-induced
seizures and neuronal loss by decreasing glutamatergic hyperactivity and
suppressing the IL-1R1/TLR4-related neuroinflammatory cascade" - See
rutin at Amazon.com.
-
Nobiletin mitigates NAFLD
via lipophagy and inflammation - Food Funct 2022 Sep 16 -
"Nonalcoholic
fatty liver disease (NAFLD), an increasingly serious health issue around the
world, is characterized as a lipid metabolic disorder without any satisfactory
treatment. Nobiletin (NOB), a citrus flavonoid, is considered a promising
candidate for NAFLD prevention although there is limited research towards its
exact mechanism ... Our research not only illustrated NOB as a potential
candidate for NAFLD prevention, but also provided new insight into the
pathogenic mechanisms of NAFLD development" - See
nobiletin at Amazon.com.
-
The effects of rutin
flavonoid supplement on glycemic status, lipid profile, atherogenic index of
plasma, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), some serum inflammatory, and
oxidative stress factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A
double-blind, placebo-controlled trial - Phytother Res 2022 Sep 13 -
"randomized and supplemented with 500 mg rutin or
placebo per day for 3-months ... The results showed a significant decrease in
FBG, insulin, HbA1c, HOMO-IR, LDL-c, TG, VLDL, CHOL, LDL-c.HDL-c ratio, AIP,
IL-6, and MDA and a significant increase in HDL-c, QUICKI index, BDNF, and TAC
compared with the initial value (p for all <.05). In the adjusted model, the
mean changes of FBG, insulin, HbA1c, HOMO-IR, LDL-c, CHOL, LDL.HDL ratio, AIP,
MDA, and IL-6 were significantly lower and mean changes of QUICKI index, HDL-c,
and TAC were significantly higher in the rutin group compared with the placebo
group (adjusted p for all <.05). It seems that rutin may have beneficial effects
on improving metabolic parameters, BDNF, and inflammatory and oxidative stress
factors in T2DM patients" - See rutin at Amazon.com.
-
Polyphenols in Highland
barley tea inhibit the production of Advanced glycosylation end-products and
alleviate the skeletal muscle damage - Mol Nutr Food Res 2022 Jul 27 -
"Highland barley tea is a kind of caffeine-free cereal
tea. Previous studies have shown that it was rich in polyphenol flavonoids.
Here, the effect of Highland barley tea polyphenols (HBP) on the production of
advanced glycosylation end-products and alleviate the skeletal muscle damage is
systematically investigated ... These data indicate that the relationship
between the biological activity and HBP properties is relevant since Highland
barley could be a potential functional food to prevent AGEs-mediated skeletal
muscle damage"
-
Combination of resveratrol
and luteolin ameliorates α-naphthylisothiocyanate-induced cholestasis by
regulating the bile acid homeostasis and suppressing oxidative stress - Food
Funct 2022 Jul 4 - "Cholestasis is a common liver injury
without any effective therapeutic drugs so far. Resveratrol (RES) and luteolin
(LUT) are natural polyphenols that exert protective effects on multiple liver
injuries. Coadministration of RES and LUT could significantly improve the
bioavailability of LUT and increase the systemic exposure to RES, and the
combined treatment could also benefit from their multi-component and
multi-target characteristics ... Dysregulated bile acid (BA) homeostasis is a
significant pathological feature of cholestasis, which was determined to explore
the potential biomarkers and to clarify the protection mechanism of
coadministration of RES and LUT ... This study suggested that the
coadministration of RES and LUT could protect against ANIT-induced cholestasis
and the mechanism was closely related to regulating BA homeostasis and
suppressing oxidative stress" - See resveratrol products at Amazon.com
and luteolin products at Amazon.com.
-
Protective Effects and
Molecular Mechanism of Total Flavonoids from Lycium Barbarum Leaves on Photoaged
Human Dermal Fibroblasts - Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2022 Jun 28 -
"To investigate the effects and corresponding mechanisms
of total flavonoids (TFL) from Lycium barbarum leaves on photoaged human dermal
fibroblasts (HDFs) ... TFL could inhibit oxidative stress and apoptosis, promote
cell proliferation and the level of ECM-related component proteins, and
participate in antiphotoaging in a concentration-dependent manner. The
protective role of TFL in photoaged HDFs might be related to its inhibition of
MAPK signaling pathways" - See flavonoids at Amazon.com.
-
Neuroprotective Effects of
Hesperidin and Naringin in SK-N-AS Cell as an In Vitro Model for Alzheimer's
Disease - J Am Nutr Assoc 2022 Jul 1 - "Hesperidin
and naringin are flavonoids that are found in citrus fruits. Our aim was to
create an in vitro model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and to evaluate the
neuroprotective effects of hesperidin and naringin in SK-N-AS and AD model cells
... Hesperidin and naringin can be potentially used as neuroprotective agents.
Naringin may be more effective than hesperidin in the accumulation of β-amyloid
and tau proteins" - See hesperidin at Amazon.com
and naringin at Amazon.com.
-
Exploration of Potential
Targets and Mechanisms of Fisetin in the Treatment of Non-Small-Cell Lung
Carcinoma via Network Pharmacology and In Vitro Validation - Evid Based
Complement Alternat Med 2022 Jun 13 - "The morbidity and
fatality rates of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were high, although a
combination of multiple treatments was used. Fisetin, a small flavonoid
compound, had shown anticancer activities. Thus, we aimed at exploring the
mechanisms of Fisetin in the treatment of NSCLC ... The present study found a
series of novel targets and pathways for Fisetin treating NSCLC" - See
fisetin at Amazon.com.
-
Combination of resveratrol
and luteolin ameliorates α-naphthylisothiocyanate-induced cholestasis by
regulating the bile acid homeostasis and suppressing oxidative stress - Food
Funct 2022 Jun 14 - "Cholestasis is a common liver
injury without any effective therapeutic drugs so far. Resveratrol (RES) and
luteolin (LUT) are natural polyphenols that exert protective effects on multiple
liver injurieshis study suggested that the coadministration of RES and LUT could
protect against ANIT-induced cholestasis and the mechanism was closely related
to regulating BA homeostasis and suppressing oxidative stress" - See
resveratrol products at Amazon.com and
luteolin products at Amazon.com.
-
Kaempferol antagonizes
adipogenesis by repressing histone H3K4 methylation at PPARγ target genes -
Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022 Jun 1 - "We previously
demonstrated that kaempferol, a flavonoid present in various herbs, inhibits
adipogenesis by repressing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ)
activity ... Overall, our data suggest that kaempferol, as a PPARγ antagonist,
mediates epigenetic repression of lipid accumulation by regulating histone
methylation, and could serve as a candidate epigenetic drug to treat
obesity-related diseases" - See
Kaempferia parviflora at Amazon.com.
-
Myricitrin - a flavonoid
isolated from the Indian olive tree ( Elaeocarpus floribundus) - inhibits
Monoamine oxidase in the brain and elevates striatal dopamine levels:
therapeutic implications against Parkinson's disease - Food Funct 2022 Jun 1
- "Flavonoids exhibit several biological activities
including inhibition of Monoamine oxidase (MAO), an enzyme that metabolizes
several neurotransmitters. Thus, MAO inhibitors are well included in traditional
therapeutic practices to fine-tune neuromotor behavior ... Four flavonoids from
Ef leaf extract, namely, myricitrin, mearnsitrin, myricetin, and mearnsetin, are
taken into consideration ... In an in vitro setup, all four compounds inhibited
total MAO, whereas myricitrin exhibited some selectivity against MAO-B at 100
μM. Myricitrin and mearnsitrin exhibited no toxicity, in vitro or in vivo.
However, only myricitrin inhibited MAO in the mouse brain and elevated dopamine
levels. Myricitrin was able to attenuate motor incoordination in the mouse model
of PD and improved dopamine levels in the striatum" - See
olive leaf extract at Amazon.com.
-
Phloretin ameliorates
diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting nephrin and podocin reduction through a
non-hypoglycemic effect - Food Funct 2022 May 27 -
"Phloretin is a dihydrochalcone flavonoid from natural plants, which has
protective activities against oxidative stress and inflammation. To date, its
effect on diabetic nephropathy (DN) has not been investigated ... daily
treatment with a low dose (20 mg kg-1) of phloretin, as a dietary supplement,
significantly alleviated polyuria, proteinuria, and glomerular histopathological
changes in the T2DM mice, indicating a protective effect of phloretin on
diabetic renal dysfunction. In the phloretin-treated T2DM mice, major metabolic
parameters, including blood glucose levels, were not altered significantly,
suggesting that the observed beneficial effects of phloretin may be due to a
mechanism independent of blood glucose control ... low-dose phloretin treatment
has a protective effect on podocytes in DN via a non-hypoglycemic mechanism in
preserving nephrin and podocin expression levels" - See
flavonoids at Amazon.com.
-
Intestinal Flora Mediates
Antiobesity Effect of Rutin in High-Fat-Diet Mice - Mol Nutr Food Res 2022
May 26 - "Intestinal flora plays a critical role in the
development of diet-induced obesity and related metabolic complications. Rutin
is a natural flavonoid with potential prebiotic effects on regulating the
intestinal flora composition that is beneficial for host health ... Rutin can be
considered as a prebiotic agent for improving intestinal flora disorders and
obesity-associated metabolic perturbations in obese individuals" - See
rutin at Amazon.com.
-
Consumption of flavonoids
and risk of hormone-related cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of
observational studies - Nutr J 2022 May 11 - "The
present study suggests evidence that intake of total flavonoids, flavonols,
flavones, flavanones, flavan-3-ols and isoflavones would be associated with a
lower or higher risk of HRCs, which perhaps provides guidance for diet
guidelines to a certain extent" - See blueberry extract at Amazon.com.
-
Hypoglycemic Effect of
Nobiletin via Regulation of Islet β-Cell Mitophagy and Gut Microbiota
Homeostasis in Streptozocin-Challenged Mice - J Agric Food Chem 2022 May 6 -
"Our results indicated that nobiletin could
significantly suppress the high blood glucose in STZ-challenged mice. In
addition, nobiletin could effectively activate the mitophagy and inhibit the
inflammatory pathways in NIT-1 cells. The mitochondria membrane potential
dysbiosis induced by glucotoxicity in NIT-1 cells was restored after treatment
by nobiletin. Further investigation revealed that the hypoglycemic effect of
nobiletin was mainly through regulation of gut microbiota dysbiosis, activation
of mitophagy flux, inhibition of inflammasome expression, and restoration of
islet morphological destruction in the pancreas of STZ-challenged mice. Our
study revealed that nobiletin could be used as a functional food or drug
candidate for the treatment of diabetes" - See
nobiletin at Amazon.com.
-
Apigenin alleviated
PA-induced pyroptosis by activating autophagy in hepatocytes - Food Funct
2022 Apr 28 - "Apigenin is a kind of natural flavonoid
that abundantly exists in fruits and vegetables. Pyroptosis is a new,
pro-inflammatory type of programmed necrosis cell death, and the NOD-like
receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is the key
molecule to induce pyroptosis. Excessive hepatic pyroptosis results in liver
injury ... On the one hand, apigenin eliminated damaged mitochondria by
activating autophagy, thereby clearing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production
and inhibiting the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, and on the other hand,
activation of autophagy could directly degrade the NLRP3 inflammasome. Our study
provides a new idea and target for the use of functional factors in food to
alleviate liver injury" - See
apigenin at Amzon.com.
-
Antiosteoporosis Studies of
20 Medicine Food Homology Plants Containing Quercetin, Rutin, and Kaempferol:
TCM Characteristics, In Vivo and In Vitro Activities, Potential Mechanisms, and
Food Functions - Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2022 Mar 31 -
"Dietary nutraceutical compounds have been evidenced as
backbone for bone health in recent years. It is reported that medicine food
homology (MFH) plants have multiple nutraceutical compounds. Based on our
literature research, 20 MFH plants caught our attention because they contain
three popular antiosteoporosis compounds simultaneously: quercetin, rutin, and
kaempferol ... Based on the above discussion, these 20 MFH plants could be used
as daily food supplements for the prevention and treatment against osteoporosis"
- See quercetin at Amazon.com,
rutin at Amazon.com and
Kaempferia parviflora at Amazon.com.
-
Rutin-loaded polymeric
nanorods alleviate nephrolithiasis by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative
stress in vivo and in vitro - Food Funct 2022 Mar 21 -
"Rutin nanorods resulted in significant protection in
serum and urinary biochemistry with reduced calcifications and increased tissue
viability of kidneys without any toxicity and achieved high bioavailability. Our
data provide a facile strategy for the use of rutin nanorods as a targeted drug
system to treat and prevent renal stone formations" - See
rutin at Amazon.com.
-
Luteolin Ameliorates
Methamphetamine-Induced Podocyte Pathology by Inhibiting Tau Phosphorylation in
Mice - Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2022 Mar 24 -
"Methamphetamine (METH) can cause kidney dysfunction.
Luteolin is a flavonoid compound that can alleviate kidney dysfunction ... We
observed increased levels of p-Tau and p-GSK3β and elevated glomerular
pathology, renal dysfunction, renal fibrosis, foot process effacement,
macrophage infiltration, and podocyte specific protein loss. Inhibition of GSK3β
activation protected METH-induced kidney injury. Furthermore, luteolin could
obliterate glomerular pathologies, inhibit podocyte protein loss, and stop p-Tau
level increase. Luteolin could also abolish the METH-induced podocyte injury by
inactivating GSK3β-p-Tau in cultured podocytes. These results indicate that
luteolin might ameliorate methamphetamine-induced podocyte pathology through
GSK3β-p-Tau axis" - See
luteolin products at Amazon.com.
-
Alpinetin inhibits
macrophage infiltration and atherosclerosis by improving the thiol redox state:
Requirement of GSk3β/Fyn-dependent Nrf2 activation - FASEB J 2022 Apr -
"Alpinetin is a plant flavonoid isolated from Alpinia
katsumadai Hayata with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Monocyte
infiltration into the intima promotes atherosclerotic development and causes
plaque instability at the later stage, which is profoundly influenced by various
oxidant ... Altogether, these findings indicated that alpinetin improved
Nrf2-mediated redox homeostasis, which consequently inhibited macrophage
infiltration and atherosclerosis, suggesting a useful compound for treating
atherosclerosis" - See alpinetin at
Amazon.com. Note: I don't think it's sold as a separate supplement. You'll
probably have to go with a mixed flavonoid
supplement.
-
Apigenin Suppresses the
Warburg Effect and Stem-like Properties in SOSP-9607 Cells by Inactivating the
PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway - Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2022
Mar 9 - "Osteosarcoma (OS) is a prevalent primary
malignant bone tumor that commonly occurs in children and adolescents. Apigenin
(4',5,7-trihydroxyflavone) is one of the most researched phenolic compounds that
exhibits antitumor effects in several cancers ... Collectively, these results
indicate that apigenin suppresses the Warburg effect and stem-like properties in
SOSP-9607 cells, which may be mediated by PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling, thus,
providing a novel strategy for OS treatment" - See
apigenin at Amzon.com.
-
6-C-(E-Phenylethenyl)-naringenin,
a Styryl Flavonoid, Inhibits Advanced Glycation End Product-Induced Inflammation
by Upregulation of Nrf2 - J Agric Food Chem 2022 Mar 17 - "Styryl
flavonoids can be formed during the thermal processing of meats and
flavonoid-enriched foods, showing high potentials in the prevention of different
diseases. In this study, the protective effects of several styryl flavonoids
against advanced glycation end product (AGE)-induced inflammation were
evaluated, with 6-C-(E-phenylethenyl)-naringenin (6-PN) showing the strongest
activity among them. The results indicated that 6-PN significantly ameliorated
AGE-induced damages in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, including
inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species (ROS)
production through downregulating the protein levels of the receptor for AGEs
(RAGE) and NADPH oxidase. Notably, 6-PN possessed a much higher bioavailability
than its parental compound, naringenin. Furthermore, 6-PN also promoted the
activation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling
pathway that was suppressed by AGEs, and the anti-inflammatory effects of 6-PN
disappeared when the cells were treated with ML385, a Nrf2 inhibitor. Hence,
6-PN might inhibit AGE-induced inflammation by the RAGE/ROS/Nrf2 signaling
pathway" - See styryl flavonoids at
Amazon.com.
-
Diosmin, a citrus
fruit-derived phlebotonic bioflavonoid protects rats from chronic kidney
disease-induced loss of bone mass and strength without deteriorating the renal
function - Food Funct 2022 Feb 21 - "Kidney Disease
Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) 2017 Clinical Practice Guideline has
recommended treatment decisions for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD)
with osteoporosis and/or high risk of fracture. Bisphosphonates, the first-line
anti-osteoporosis drugs have the concern of worsening kidney functions.
Moreover, despite impaired bone formation in CKD patients, teriparatide, the
formation-stimulating drug is not recommended. Thus, there is an urgent need for
safe and effective treatment of osteoporosis in CKD patients ... Fibroblast
growth factor-23 and parathyroid hormone were increased in CKD and diosmin
suppressed both. CKD reduced bone mass and deteriorated the microarchitecture of
trabecular bones, and diosmin maintained both to control levels. Bone formation
and strength were impaired in the CKD and diosmin maintained these levels to
control levels. Nanoindentation of bone showed that diosmin significantly
increased tissue hardness over the control. Diosmetin, the metabolic surrogate
of diosmin had comparable pharmacokinetic profiles between the control and CKD
groups. Furthermore, diosmetin (50 mg kg-1) protected against CKD-induced bone
loss. These data suggest that diosmin and its metabolic surrogate, diosmetin
protect against CKD-induced osteopenia. Since diosmin has no renal adverse
effect and protected bone mass and strength in CKD rats, we propose assessing
its anti-osteoporosis effect in CKD patients" - See
diosmin at Amazon.com.
-
Kaempferol exerts a
neuroprotective effect to reduce neuropathic pain through TLR4/NF-ĸB signaling
pathway - Phytother Res 2022 Mar 2 - "We found that
kaempferol treatment can significantly reduce NP and proinflammatory cytokine
production. Kaempferol attenuated the activation of TLR4/NF-κB pathways in
LPS-activated BV2 cells. The analgesic effects of kaempferol on NP may be due to
inhibition of microglia activation and switching the M1 to M2 phenotype"
- See
Kaempferia parviflora at Amazon.com.
-
Research on the Mechanism of
Kaempferol for Treating Senile Osteoporosis by Network Pharmacology and
Molecular Docking - Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2022 Feb 3 -
"Kaempferol (KP), as a natural anti-inflammatory
compound, has been reported to have curative effects on alleviating senile
osteoporosis (SOP), which is an inflammation-related musculoskeletal disease,
but the molecular mechanisms remain unclear due to scanty relevant studies ...
Collectively, various targets and pathways involve in the process of kaempferol
treatment against SOP through regulating inflammatory response, oxidative
stress, bone homeostasis, etc. Moreover, our study first reported that
kaempferol may regulate core targets' expression with involvement of
inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and bone homeostasis, thus treating
SOP" - See kaempferia parviflora at Amazon.com.
- Senile
osteoporosis - Wikipedia - "Senile osteoporosis
has been recently recognized as a geriatric syndrome with a particular
pathophysiology. There are different classification of osteoporosis:
primary, in which bone loss is a result of aging and secondary, in which
bone loss occurs from various clinical and lifestyle factors.[1] Primary, or
involuntary osteoporosis, can further be classified into Type I or Type
II.[1] Type I refers to postmenopausal osteoporosis and is caused by the
deficiency of estrogen.[1] While senile osteoporosis is categorized as an
involuntary, Type II, and primary osteoporosis, which affects both men and
women over the age of 70 years. It is accompanied by vitamin D deficiency,
body's failure to absorb calcium, and increased parathyroid hormone."
- Kaempferol
- Wikipedia - "Kaempferol
(3,4′,5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone) is a natural flavonol, a type
of flavonoid, found in a variety of plants and plant-derived
foods including kale, beans, tea, spinach, and broccoli."
-
Evidence based mechanistic
role of Chrysin towards protection of cardiac hypertrophy & fibrosis in rats
- Br J Nutr 2022 Feb 18 - "Cardiac hypertrophy,
enlargement of cardiomyocytes in response to persistent release of catecholamine
which further leads to cardiac fibrosis. Chrysin, flavonoid from honey is well
known for its multifarious properties like anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory,
anti-fibrotic and anti-apoptotic ... Data demonstrated that chrysin attenuated
myocardial Hypertrophy and prevented fibrosis via activation of TGF-β/Smad
signaling pathway" - See chrysin
at Amazon.com.
-
A role for flavonoids in the
prevention and/or treatment of cognitive dysfunction, learning, and memory
deficits: a review of preclinical and clinical studies - Nutr Neurosci 2022
Feb 12 - "In the preclinical studies, at least there
seem to be two main neurological and biological processes in which flavonoids
contribute to the improvement and/or prevention of learning, memory deficit and
cognitive dysfunction: (1) Regulation of neurotransmission system and (2)
Enhancement of neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity and neuronal survival" -
See blueberry extract at Amazon.com.
-
Intake of Flavonoids and
Flavonoid-Rich Foods, and Mortality Risk Among Individuals With Parkinson
Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study - Neurology 2022 Jan 26 -
"Although flavonoids have the potential to exert
neuroprotective benefits, evidence of their role in improving survival rates
among individuals with Parkinson disease (PD) remains lacking. We aimed to
prospectively study the association between pre- and post-diagnosis flavonoid
intakes and risk of mortality among individuals with PD identified from two
large ongoing cohorts of US men and women ... Among individuals with PD, higher
consumption of flavonoids, especially anthocyanins and flavan-3-ols, and
flavonoid-rich food such as berries and red wine, was likely to be associated
with a lower risk of mortality" - See
blueberry extract at Amazon.com.
-
Flavonoids may reduce mortality risk for people with Parkinson’s Disease -
Science Daily, 1/26/22 - "Adding a few servings of
flavonoid-rich foods to their diets a week could potentially be an easy way for
people with PD to help improve their life expectancy ... Greater consumption of
berries and red wine, which are rich in the flavonoid anthocyanins, was
particularly associated with lower mortality ... the participants in the group
of the highest 25 percent of flavonoid consumers had a 70 percent greater chance
of survival than the lowest group ... The people in the highest group consumed
about 673 milligrams (mg) of flavonoids each day while those in the lowest group
consumed about 134 mg ... The researchers also analyzed the effects of
individual flavonoids. They found that those in the top 25 percent consumers of
anthocyanins -- found in red wine and berries -- had a 66 percent greater
survival rate compared to those in the lowest 25 percent. Additionally, the top
25 percent consumers of flavan-3-ols -- found in apples, tea and wine -- had a
69 percent greater survival rate compared to the lowest 25 percent" - See
blueberry extract at Amazon.com.
-
Vitexin
attenuates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) lipid
accumulation in high fat-diet fed mice by activating autophagy
and reducing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in liver -
Biol Pharm Bull 2022 Jan 15 -
"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become prevalent
worldwide, but sufficient pharmaceutical treatments for this
condition are lacking. Previous literature suggests that vitexin
offers beneficial effects in the treatment of NAFLD, but the
underlying mechanisms are not well understood ... Treatment
consisted of four weeks of daily administration of vitexin at a
dose of 6 mg/kg of body weight. This treatment markedly improved
hepatic architecture, attenuated lipid accumulation, and
regulated lipid abnormalities. In addition, the treatment
reduced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, restored
mitochondrial biological proteins, and increased autophagy.
Furthermore, the treatment increased PPAR-r protein, which was
inhibited by HFD. Thus, it was speculated that vitexin degraded
lipids in HFD-induced NAFLD mice liver by inducing autophagy and
restoring both ER and mitochondrial biological proteins"
- See vitexin at Amazon.com.
- Vitexin - Wiki -
"Vitexin is an apigenin flavone glucoside, a
chemical compound found in the passion flower, Vitex agnus-castus (chaste
tree or chasteberry), in the Phyllostachys nigra bamboo leaves,[1] in the
pearl millet (Pennisetum millet),[2] and in Hawthorn"
-
Dihydromyricetin Improves
Cognitive Impairments in d-Galactose-Induced Aging Mice through Regulating
Oxidative Stress and Inhibition of Acetylcholinesterase - Mol Nutr Food Res
2021 Dec 21 - "Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a
neurodegenerative disease with phenomena of cognitive impairments. Oxidative
stress and cholinergic system dysfunction are two widely studied pathogenesis of
AD. Dihydromyricetin (DMY) is a natural dihydroflavonol with many bioactivities
... DMY alleviates the cognitive impairments in d-gal-induced aging mice partly
through regulating oxidative stress and inhibition of acetylcholinesterase"
- See dihydromyricetin at Amazon.com.
-
Dietary flavonoid kaempferol
reduces obesity-associated hypothalamic microglia activation and promotes body
weight loss in mice with obesity - Nutr Neurosci 2021 Dec 14 -
"Energy balance (EB) is critically regulated by the
hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) by promoting appetite or anorectic actions.
Hypothalamic inflammation, driven by high activation of the microglia, has been
reported as a key mechanism involved in the development of diet-induced obesity.
Kaempferol (KF), a flavonoid-type polyphenol present in a large number of fruits
and vegetables, was shown to regulate both energy metabolism and inflammation
... These findings suggest that KF might fight obesity by regulating central
processes related to EB regulation and hypothalamic inflammation" - See
kaempferol at Amazom.com.
-
Repurposing Natural Dietary
Flavonoids in the Modulation of Cancer Tumorigenesis: Decrypting the Molecular
Targets of Naringenin, Hesperetin and Myricetin - Nutr Cancer 2021 Nov 5 -
"In the past few years flavonoids have been gaining more
attention regarding their (still un) exploited anticancer properties. Flavonoids
are natural compounds present in fruits, vegetables, and seeds, meaning that
they are already present in the daily life of every person, with a described
broad-spectrum of pharmacological activities, including anticancer,
anti-inflammatory and antioxidant ... Although some mechanisms underlying their
activities remain still unclear, they can act as potential inhibitors of key
tumorigenic signaling pathways, such as PI3K/Akt/mTOR, p38 MAPK and NF-κB.
Simultaneously, they can reset the levels of pro-apoptotic proteins that belong
to the Bcl-2 and caspase family and decrease the intracellular levels of ROS and
pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. Together with their
synergetic effect they have the potential to become key elements in the
prevention and/or treatment of several types of cancer, with the major
improvement to the patient life quality, due to their non-existent toxicity"
- See flavonoids at Amazon.com.
-
Rutin promotes white adipose
tissue "browning" and brown adipose tissue activation partially through the
calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase β/AMP-activated protein kinase
pathway - Endocr J 2021 Oct 29 - "Promoting white
adipose tissue (WAT) "browning" and brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation could
contribute to increasing energy expenditure ... Male C57BL/6 mice (n = 6) were
fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks with/out rutin. In HFD-fed mice, rutin
treatment significantly inhibited weight gain, improved the metabolic profile of
plasma samples, decreased the weights of epididymal WAT (eWAT), inguina WAT (iWAT),
and liver, and adipocyte size. Furthermore, rutin also increased the expression
of uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp-1) and other thermogenic markers in the WAT and
BAT. In 3T3-L1 cells, rutin effectively reduced the formation of lipid droplets,
stimulated the expression of thermogenic markers, and reduced the expression of
adipogenic genes. Additionally, rutin markedly upregulated the AMP-activated
protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, and these effects were diminished by treatment
with the AMPK inhibitor compound C (CC). Pretreatment with the calmodulin-dependent
protein kinase kinase β (CaMKKβ) inhibitor STO-609 blocked the induction of
thermogenic markers in 3T3-L1 cells by rutin. Our results indicated that rutin
increased energy consumption, induced WAT "browning" and BAT activation, and
thus was a promising target for the development of new therapeutic approaches to
improve adipose tissue energy metabolism" - See
rutin at Amazon.com and
rutin at iHerb.com.
-
Fisetin Improves
Hyperuricemia-Induced Chronic Kidney Disease via Regulating Gut
Microbiota-Mediated Tryptophan Metabolism and Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor
Activation - J Agric Food Chem 2021 Sep 22 - "The
intestinal flora serves a critical role in the development of hyperuricemia-induced
chronic kidney disease (CKD). We previously found that natural flavonol fisetin
exhibited nephroprotective effects in hyperuricemic mice ... aryl hydrocarbon
receptor (AHR) ... These results highlighted that fisetin protected against
hyperuricemia-induced CKD via modulating gut microbiota-mediated tryptophan
metabolism and AHR activation" - See
fisetin at Amazon.com.
-
Kaempferol
3-O-gentiobioside, an ALK5 inhibitor, affects the proliferation, migration, and
invasion of tumor cells via blockade of the TGF-β/ALK5/Smad signaling pathway
- Phytother Res 2021 Sep 12 - "This study provided novel
insight into the anticancer effects of KPF-3-O-G and indicated that KPF-3-O-G
might be developed as potential therapeutics for cancer treatment after further
validation" - See kaempferol at
Amazon.com.
-
The anticarcinogenic and
anticancer effects of the dietary flavonoid, morin: Current status, challenges,
and future perspectives - Phytother Res 2021 Sep 8 -
"Flavonoids constitute one of the most important classes of polyphenols, which
have been found to have a wide range of biological activities such as anticancer
effects. A large body of evidence demonstrates that morin as a pleiotropic
dietary flavonoid possesses potent anticarcinogenic and anticancer activities
with minimal toxicity against normal cells. The present review comprehensively
elaborates the molecular mechanisms underlying antitumorigenic and anticancer
effects of morin. Morin exerts its anticarcinogenic effects through multiple
cancer preventive mechanisms, including reduction of oxidative stress,
activation of phase II enzymes, induction of apoptosis, attenuation of
inflammatory mediators, and downregulation of p-Akt and NF-κB expression. A
variety of molecular targets and signaling pathways such as apoptosis, cell
cycle, reactive oxygen species (ROS), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs),
epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and microRNAs (miRNAs) as well as
signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), NF-κB,
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt, mitogen-activated protein kinase
(MAPK), and Hippo pathways have been found to be involved in the anticancer
effects of morin" - See flavonoids at Amazon.com and
flavonoids at iHerb.com.
-
Dietary Naringenin Preserves
Insulin Sensitivity and Grip Strength and Attenuates Inflammation but
Accelerates Weight Loss in a Mouse Model of Cancer Cachexia - Mol Nutr Food
Res 2021 Sep 9 - "Cancer cachexia is characterized by
the loss of skeletal muscle resulting in functional impairment, reduced quality
of life and mortlity. Naringenin, a flavonoid found in citrus fruits, improves
insulin sensitivity and reduces inflammation and tumor growth in preclinical
models ... Dietary supplementation of naringenin improved multiple aspects of
metabolic disturbance and inflammation during cancer cachexia progression in
[C-26 tumor-bearing] mice. However, the acceleration of anorexia and weight loss
was also observed. These findings emphasize the link between inflammation and
insulin resistance as a basis for understanding their roles in the pathogenesis
of cancer cachexia" - See
naringenin at Amazon.com.
-
Rutin inhibits androgen
synthesis and metabolism in rat immature Leydig cells in vitro - Andrologia
2021 Aug 29 - "In the early stage of androgen-sensitive
prostate cancer, cancer cells require androgens to grow. Hormone therapy that
lowers androgen output or blocks androgen receptor can suppress the growth of
this type of prostate cancer. Rutin, a flavonoid derivative of many plants, has
numerous pharmacological effects ... In conclusion, rutin suppresses androgen
biosynthesis in Leydig cells through multiple mechanisms, thereby having
benefits for the treatment of androgen-sensitive prostate cancer" -
See rutin at Amazon.com and
rutin at iHerb.com.
-
Rutin: A Flavonoid as an
Effective Sensitizer for Anticancer Therapy; Insights into Multifaceted
Mechanisms and Applicability for Combination Therapy - Evid Based Complement
Alternat Med 2021 Aug 23 - "Rutin is demonstrated to
inhibit the proliferation of breast, colon, lung, and prostate cancers and other
tumors. Furthermore, rutin alone or in combination with other therapeutic agents
has been shown to regulate several signalling pathways involving the Ras/Raf and
PI3K/Akt, MAPK, and TGF-β2/Smad2/3Akt/PTEN, etc., which are related to the
processes of carcinogenesis and induction of apoptosis. The combination of rutin
with other chemotherapy drugs may benefit on prevention of tumor cells by
decreasing drug resistance and chemotherapy side effects. Moreover, rutin
induces apoptosis synergistically with the therapeutic agent. More in vivo and
clinical data are however needed to evaluate the true potential of rutin as an
anticancer agent as an adjuvant. The present review highlights the effects of
rutin which can be a promising candidate in combination with other antitumor
drugs or alone for cancer treatment in vitro. Also, rutin can lead to decrease
in drug resistance and chemotherapeutic side effects" - See
rutin at Amazon.com and
rutin at iHerb.com.
-
Luteolin combined with
low-dose paclitaxel synergistically inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition
and induces cell apoptosis on esophageal carcinoma in vitro and in vivo -
Phytother Res 2021 Sep 7 - "Although paclitaxel is a
promising frontline chemotherapy agent for various malignancies, the clinical
applications have been restricted by side effects, drug resistance, and cancer
metastasis. The combination of paclitaxel and other agents could be the
promising strategies against malignant tumor, which enhances the antitumor
effect through synergistic effects, reduces required drug concentrations, and
also suppresses tumorigenesis in multiple ways. In this study, we found that
luteolin, a natural flavonoid compound, combined with low-dose paclitaxel
synergistically regulated the proliferation, migration, epithelial-mesenchymal
transition (EMT), and apoptosis of esophageal cancer cells in vitro, as well as
synergistically inhibited tumor growth without obvious toxicity in vivo. The
molecular mechanism of inhibiting cell migration and EMT processes may be
related to the inhibition of SIRT1, and the mechanism of apoptosis induction is
associated with the reactive oxygen species (ROS)/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)
pathway-mediated activation of mitochondrial apoptotic pathway" - See
luteolin products at Amazon.com.
-
Long-term Dietary Flavonoid
Intake and Subjective Cognitive Decline in US Men and Women - Neurology 2021
Jul 28 - "Higher intake of total flavonoids was
associated with lower odds of SCD after adjusting for age, total energy intake,
major non-dietary factors, and specific dietary factors. Comparing the highest
versus the lowest quintiles of total flavonoid intake, the pooled
multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) (95% CIs) of 3-unit increments in SCD
was 0.81 (0.76, 0.89). In the pooled results, the strongest associations were
observed for flavones (OR=0.62 [0.57, 0.68]), flavanones (0.64 [0.58, 0.68)]),
and anthocyanins (0.76 [0.72, 0.84]) (p trend <0.0001 for all groups). The
dose-response curve was steepest for flavones, followed by anthocyanins. Many
flavonoid-rich foods, such as strawberries, oranges, grapefruits, citrus juices,
apples/pears, celery, peppers, and bananas, were significantly associated with
lower odds of SCD" - See flavonoids at Amazon.com and
flavonoids at iHerb.com.
-
Flavan-3-ol Microbial
Metabolites Modulate Proteolysis in Neuronal Cells Reducing Amyloid-beta (1-42)
Levels - Mol Nutr Food Res 2021 Jul 28 -
"Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegeneration characterized by
extensive protein aggregation and deposition in the brain, associated with
defective proteasomal and autophagic-lysosomal proteolytic pathways. Since
current drugs can only reduce specific symptoms, the identification of novel
treatments is a major concern in AD research. Among natural compounds,
(poly)phenols and their derivatives/metabolites are emerging as candidates in AD
prevention due to their multiple beneficial effects"
-
Fisetin for COVID-19 in
Skilled Nursing Facilities (COVID-FIS): Senolytic Trials in the COVID Era -
J Am Geriatr Soc 2021 Aug 10 - "The burden of senescent
cells (SnCs), which do not divide but are metabolically active and resistant to
death by apoptosis, is increased in older adults and those with chronic
diseases. These individuals are also at greatest risk for morbidity and
mortality from SARS-CoV-2 infection. SARS-CoV-2 complications include cytokine
storm and multi-organ failure mediated by the same factors as often produced by
SnCs through their senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). The SASP
can be amplified by infection-related pathogen-associated molecular profile
factors (PAMPs). Senolytic agents, such as Fisetin, selectively eliminate SnCs
and delay, prevent, or alleviate multiple disorders in aged experimental animals
and animal models of human chronic diseases, including obesity, diabetes, and
respiratory diseases. Senolytics are now in clinical trials for multiple
conditions linked to SnCs, including frailty, obesity/diabetes, osteoporosis,
and cardiovascular, kidney, and lung diseases, which are also risk factors for
SARS-CoV-2 morbidity and mortality. A clinical trial is underway to test if
senolytics decrease SARS-CoV-2 progression and morbidity in hospitalized older
adults" - See fisetin at Amazon.com.
-
Higher Habitual Flavonoid
Intakes Are Associated With A Lower Incidence Of Diabetes - J Nutr 2021 Jul
27 - "These findings suggest that a diet abundant in
flavonoid-rich foods may help to ameliorate diabetes risk, in part through a
reduction in body fat" - See flavonoids at Amazon.com and
flavonoids at iHerb.com.
-
Quercetin and Luteolin
Improve the Anticancer Effects of 5-Fluorouracil in Human Colorectal
Adenocarcinoma In Vitro Model: A Mechanistic Insight - Nutr Cancer 2021 Jul
26 - "The aim of this study was to investigate the
antitumor effects of quercetin and luteolin combined with 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU)
in HT-29 human colorectal cancer cells ... These findings suggested that
quercetin and luteolin synergistically enhanced the anticancer effect of 5-FU in
HT 29 cells and may therefore minimize the toxic effects of 5-FU in the clinical
treatment of colorectal cancer" - See
quercetin at Amazon.com and
iHerb and
iHerb and
luteolin products at Amazon.com.
Note: The cream form of fluorouracil is what they use to remove the
pre-cancerous sun damage to your face. I used it and enjoyed going up to
people and asking them in their face if they knew whether smallpox was
contagious. It makes you look that bad until it heals but then you end up
with baby skin for a while but if you're not careful it can cause scarring.
-
Flavan-3-ol Microbial
Metabolites Modulate Proteolysis in Neuronal Cells Reducing Amyloid-beta (1-42)
Levels - Mol Nutr Food Res 2021 Jul 28 -
"Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegeneration characterized by
extensive protein aggregation and deposition in the brain, associated with
defective proteasomal and autophagic-lysosomal proteolytic pathways. Since
current drugs can only reduce specific symptoms, the identification of novel
treatments is a major concern in AD research. Among natural compounds,
(poly)phenols and their derivatives/metabolites are emerging as candidates in AD
prevention due to their multiple beneficial effects. Here, we investigated the
ability of a selection of phenyl-γ-valerolactones, gut microbiota-derived
metabolites of flavan-3-ols, to modulate the functionality of cellular
proteolytic pathways ... Our findings establish, for the first time, that these
metabolites exert a neuroprotective activity by regulating intracellular
proteolysis and confirm the role of autophagy and cathepsin B as possible
targets of AD preventive/therapeutic strategies" - See
flavonoids at Amazon.com and
flavonoids at iHerb.com.
-
Neuroprotective effects of
rutin on ASH neurons in Caenorhabditis elegans model of Huntington's disease
- Nutr Neurosci 2021 Jul 26;1-14 - "Huntington's disease
(HD) is an autosomal dominant, progressive neurodegenerative disease. It occurs
due to a mutated huntingtin gene that contains an abnormal expansion of
cytosine-adenine-guanine repeats, leading to a variable-length N-terminal
polyglutamine (polyQ) chain. The mutation confers toxic functions to mutant
huntingtin protein, causing neurodegeneration. Rutin is a flavonoid found in
various plants, such as buckwheat, some teas, and apples ... we investigated the
effects of rutin in a Caenorhabditis elegans model of HD, focusing on ASH
neurons and antioxidant defense ... our data demonstrate that chronic rutin
treatment maintains the function of ASH neurons, and decreases the degeneration
of their sensory termination ... Our findings provide new evidence of rutin's
potential neuroprotective role in the C. elegans model and should inform
treatment strategies for neurodegenerative diseases and other diseases caused by
age-related protein aggregation" - See
rutin at Amazon.com and
rutin at iHerb.com.
-
The protective effects of
dietary intake of flavonoids and its subclasses on metabolic syndrome incidence
- Int J Food Sci Nutr 2021 Jun 6 - "Participants in the
highest tertile of flavonoid, flavonol, and flavone had a significantly lower
MetS risk as compared to those in the lowest tertile. Also, in participants with
weight gain <7%, all flavonoid subclasses had a more pronounced risk-reducing
effect. Overall, the total flavonoid, flavonol, and flavone reduced the risk of
MetS; this association could be modified by weight gain" - See
flavonoids at Amazon.com.
-
Luteolin and its derivative
apigenin suppress the inducible PD-L1 expression to improve anti-tumor immunity
in KRAS-mutant lung cancer - Cancer Lett 2021 May 27 -
"Upregulated expression of immune checkpoint molecules
correlates with exhausted phenotype and impaired function of cytotoxic T cells
to evade host immunity. By disrupting the interaction of PD-L1 and PD1, immune
checkpoint inhibitors can restore immune system function against cancer cells.
Growing evidence have demonstrated apigenin and luteolin, which are flavonoids
abundant in common fruits and vegetables, can suppress growth and induce
apoptosis of multiple types of cancer cells with their potent anti-inflammatory,
antioxidant and anticancer properties ... Luteolin and apigenin significantly
inhibited lung cancer cell growth, induced cell apoptosis, and down-regulated
the IFN-γ-induced PD-L1 expression by suppressing the phosphorylation of STAT3.
Both luteolin and apigenin showed potent anti-cancer activities in the H358
xenograft and Lewis lung carcinoma model in vivo, and the treatment with
monoclonal PD1 antibody enhanced the infiltration of T cells into tumor tissues.
Apigenin exhibited anti-tumor activity in Genetically engineered KRASLA2 mice.
In conclusion, both apigenin and luteolin significantly suppressed lung cancer
with KRAS mutant proliferation, and down-regulated the IFN-γ induced PD-L1
expression. Treatment with the combination of PD-1 blockade and apigenin/luteolin
has a synergistic effect and might be a prospective therapeutic strategy for
NSCLC with KRAS-mutant" - See
luteolin at Amazon.com.
-
Pharmaceutical Values of
Calycosin: One Type of Flavonoid Isolated from Astragalus - Evid Based
Complement Alternat Med 2021 May 6 - "Astragalus is a
popular Materia Medica in China, and it could be applied in the treatment of
various diseases. It contains a variety of chemically active ingredients, such
as saponins, flavonoids, and polysaccharides. Plant-derived bioactive chemicals
are considered natural, safe, and beneficial. Among the infinite
plant-identified and isolated molecules, flavonoids have been reported to have
positive effects on human health. Calycosin is the most important active
flavonoid substance identified predominantly within this medicinal plant. In
recent years, calycosin has been reported to have anticancer, antioxidative,
immune-modulatory, and estrogenic-like properties" - See
astragalus at Amazon.com.
-
The flavonoid,
kaempferol-3-O-apiofuranosyl-7-O-rhamnopyranosyl, as a potential therapeutic
agent for breast cancer with a promoting effect on ovarian function -
Phytother Res 2021 Apr 28 - "It is widely known that
breast cancer cells eventually develop resistance to hormonal drugs and
chemotherapies, which often compromise fertility. This study aimed to
investigate the effect of the flavonoid,
kaempferol-3-O-apiofuranosyl-7-O-rhamnopyranosyl (KARP), on 1) the viability of
MCF-7 breast cancer cells and 2) ovarian function in rats. A dose-dependent
decrease in MCF-7 cell survival was observed, and the IC50 value was found to be
48 μg/ml. Cells in the control group or those exposed to increasing
concentrations of KARP experienced a similar generation of reactive oxygen
species and induction of apoptosis. For the rats, estradiol levels correlated
negatively to KARP dosages, although a recovery was obtained at administration
of 30 mg/kg per day. Noteworthily, when compared against the control, this
dosage led to significant increases in mRNA levels for CYP19, CYP17a, CCND2,
GDF9, and INSL3 among the treatment groups, and ER1 and ER2 mRNA levels
decreased in a dose-dependent manner. KARP shows great promise as an ideal
therapy for breast cancer patients since it induced apoptosis and autophagy in
cancerous cells without harming fertility in our animal model" - See
kaempferol at Amazon.com.
-
Trilobatin Induces Apoptosis
and Attenuates Stemness Phenotype of Acquired Gefitinib Resistant Lung Cancer
Cells via Suppression of NF-κB Pathway - Nutr Cancer 2021 Apr 16 -
"Trilobatin is a common type of flavonoids compounds
derived from Lithocarpus polystachyus Rehd leaves. Previous report suggests that
trilobatin was potentially involved in pro-and anticancer, antioxidative and
anti-hyperglycemic activities. Here, we investigated the anticancer efficiency
of trilobatin on gefitinib resistant lung cancer cells ... trilobatin inhibits
proliferation of gefitinib resistant lung cancer cells. In addition, the
proportions of apoptotic cells were increased along with down-regulated
expression levels of Bcl-2 and mitochondrial Cytochrome C while up-regulated Bax,
Cleaved Caspase-3, -9, and cytosolic Cytochrome C expression. Moreover,
trilobatin decreased tumor sphere formation and expression levels of multiple
stemness markers (ALDH1, CD133, Nanog, and ABCG2) in gefitinib resistant lung
cancer cells. Furthermore, investigation of the mechanism indicated that
trilobatin suppressed activity of NF-κB via decreasing constitutive
phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 and IκB-α in gefitinib resistant lung cancer cells.
All these results indicate that trilobatin induces apoptosis and attenuates
stemness phenotype of gefitinib resistant lung cancer cells, involved with, or
partly, the suppression of NF-κB activity" - See
flavonoids at Amazon.com.
-
The effect of citrus flavonoid extract supplementation on anaerobic capacity in
moderately trained athletes: a randomized controlled trial - J Int Soc
Sports Nutr 2021 Jan 6 - "citrus flavonoid extract (CFE)
supplementation ... A randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled, parallel
clinical study was conducted in 92 moderately trained healthy men and women.
Subjects were randomized to receive 400 mg of CFE (n = 30), 500 mg of CFE (n =
31) or placebo (n = 31) daily, for 8 consecutive weeks ... After 4 weeks
supplementation, average power output significantly increased in the 400 mg
group (Estimated difference [ED] = 38.2 W [18.0, 58.3]; p < 0.001; effect size
[ES] = 0.27) and in the 500 mg group (ED = 21.2 W [0.91, 41.4]; p = 0.041; ES =
0.15) compared to placebo. The 5 s peak power output was also increased in the
400 mg group (ED = 53.6 [9.96, 97.2]; p = 0.017; ES = 0.25) after 4 weeks
compared to placebo. After 8 weeks of supplementation, average power output was
significantly improved in the group receiving 400 mg of CFE (ED = 31.6 [8.33,
54.8]; p = 0.008; ES = 0.22) compared to placebo" - [Nutra
USA] - Note: The Nutra article claims it's the WATTS'UP brand containing
"90% hespereting-7-O-rutinoside of which > 75% is composed of the 2S enantiomer"
and that "The two doses were equivalent to ingesting 0.7 to 0.9 liters of the
juice of sweet oranges (Citrus sinensis)
-
Bergamot phytosome improved
visceral fat and plasma lipid profiles in overweight and obese class I subject
with mild hypercholesterolemia: A randomized placebo controlled trial -
Phytother Res 2020 Nov 13 - "Bergamot has been
traditionally used for the relief of diseases related to oxidative stress. Our
aim was to investigate the effect of bergamot phytosome on visceral adipose
tissue (VAT) and on metabolic profile, in overweight and obese subjects with
mild hypercholesterolemia. A total of 64 participants were randomized into two
groups for 12 weeks: a supplemented group (33 individuals, BMI 27 ± 3 kg/m2
receiving 500 mg of bergamot phytosome, two daily tablets) and placebo group (31
subjects, BMI 28 ± 3 kg/m2 , two daily tablets) ... this clinical study gives
evidence that bergamot phytosome provides beneficial effects, such as decrease
of VAT and modulation of metabolic alterations, after just 30 days of
supplementation, resulting a very promising protection of cardiovascular health"
- See bergamot at Amazon.com and
iHerb.
-
Oral Intake of Hydrangea
serrata (Thunb.) Ser. Leaves Extract Improves Wrinkles, Hydration, Elasticity,
Texture, and Roughness in Human Skin: A Randomized, Double-Blind,
Placebo-Controlled Study - Nutrients 2020, 12(6) -
"Participants (n = 151) were randomly assigned to receive either WHS 300 mg, WHS
600 mg, or placebo, once daily for 12 weeks ... Compared to the placebo, skin
wrinkles were significantly reduced in both WHS groups after 8 and 12 weeks. In
both WHS groups, five parameters (R1–R5) of skin wrinkles significantly improved
and skin hydration was significantly enhanced when compared to the placebo group
after 12 weeks. Compared with the placebo, three parameters of skin elasticity,
including overall elasticity (R2), net elasticity (R5), and ratio of elastic
recovery to total deformation (R7), improved after 12 weeks of oral WHS (600 mg)
administration. Changes in skin texture and roughness were significantly reduced
in both WHS groups. No WHS-related adverse reactions were reported. Hence, WHS
could be used as a health supplement for skin anti-aging" - [Nutra
USA] - See Hydrangea serrata supplements
at Amazon.com.
-
Effect of a Combination of
Citrus Flavones and Flavanones and Olive Polyphenols for the Reduction of
Cardiovascular Disease Risk: An Exploratory Randomized, Double-Blind,
Placebo-Controlled Study in Healthy Subjects - Nutrients 2020 May 19 -
"A single-center, randomized, double-blind controlled
trial was conducted to assess the efficacy of a food supplement based on a
combination of grapefruit, bitter orange, and olive extracts administered for
eight weeks (n = 51) versus placebo (n = 45) on reduction of cardiovascular risk
in healthy volunteers ... In the active product group, there were statistically
significant within-group differences at eight weeks as compared with baseline in
FMD, systolic and diastolic BP, total cholesterol, LDL-C, LDL-oxidase,
oxidized/reduced glutathione ratio, protein carbonyl, and IL-6. Significant
between-group differences in these variables were also found. Significant
changes in anthropometric variables and quality of life were not observed in the
study groups. Changes in the level of physical activity were not recorded.
Treatment with the active product was well tolerated. All these findings, taken
together, support a beneficial effect of supplementation with a mixture of
grapefruit, bitter orange fruits, and olive leaf extracts on underlying
mechanisms that may interact each other to decrease the cardiovascular risk in
healthy people" - [Nutra
USA] - See citrus extracts at Amazon.com
and
iHerb and olive leaf extract at Amazon.com
and
iHerb.
-
Long-term dietary
flavonoid intake and risk of Alzheimer disease and related dementias in the
Framingham Offspring Cohort - Clin Nutr. 2020 Apr 1 - Am J Clin Nutr. 2020
Apr 22 - "Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRD)
... We used data from the Framingham Heart Study Offspring Cohort exams 5
through 9. Participants were ADRD-free with a valid FFQ at baseline. Flavonoid
intakes were updated at each exam to represent the cumulative average intake
across the 5 exams, and were expressed as percentile categories of intake
(≤15th, >15th to 30th, >30th to 60th, >60th) to handle their nonlinear relation
with ADRD and AD ... Over an average follow-up of 19.7 y in 2801 participants
(mean baseline age = 59.1 y; 52% females), there were 193 ADRD events of which
158 were AD. After multivariate and dietary adjustments, individuals with the
highest (>60th percentile) intakes of flavonols, anthocyanins, and flavonoid
polymers had a lower risk of ADRD relative to individuals with the lowest
intakes (≤15th percentile), with HRs (95% CI; P-trend) of 0.54 (0.32, 0.90; P =
0.003) for flavonols, 0.24 (0.15, 0.39; P < 0.001) for anthocyanins, and 0.58
(0.35, 0.94; P = 0.03) for flavonoid polymers. The same pattern of associations
was seen with AD for flavonols and anthocyanins but not for flavonoid polymers"
- See flavonoids at Amazon.com and
flavonoids at iHerb.com.
-
Cytoprotective Effect of
Ascorbic Acid and Rutin against Oxidative Changes in the Proteome of Skin
Fibroblasts Cultured in a Three-Dimensional System - Nutrients. 2020 Apr 13
- "The combination of ascorbic acid and rutin, commonly
used in oral preparations for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory
properties, can also be used to protect skin cells from the effects of UV
radiation in sunlight ... Proteomic findings revealed a combined effect of
ascorbic acid and rutin in UV-irradiated fibroblasts against overexpression of
pro-inflammatory signaling proteins and DNA reorganization/expression. These
effects were not observed when cells were treated with either compounds alone.
The antioxidant effects of ascorbic acid and rutin also prevented protein
modifications by lipid peroxidation products. Further, ascorbic acid stimulated
rutin-protein adduct formation, which supports intra/extracellular signaling and
the Nrf2/ARE antioxidant pathway, contributing to the protective effects against
UV-induced oxidative stress. The combined effect of ascorbic acid and rutin
suggests that this combination of compounds is potentially effective against
skin damage caused by UV radiation" - See
rutin at Amazon.com and
rutin at iHerb.com and vitamin C products at Amazon.com
and
vitamin C at iHerb.com.
-
The 5,7-Dimethoxyflavone
Suppresses Sarcopenia by Regulating Protein Turnover and Mitochondria
Biogenesis-Related Pathways - Nutrients. 2020 Apr 13 -
"Sarcopenia is a muscle disease featured by the loss of
muscle mass and dysfunction with advancing age. The 5,7-dimethoxyflavone (DMF),
a major flavone found in Kaempferia parviflora, has biological activities,
including anti-diabetes, anti-obesity, and anti-inflammation ...
Eighteen-month-old mice were orally administered DMF at the dose of 25
mg·kg-1·day-1 or 50 mg·kg-1·day-1 for 8 weeks. DMF not only stimulated grip
strength and exercise endurance but also increased muscle mass and volume.
Besides, DMF stimulated the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt pathway,
consequently activating the mammalian target of rapamycin-eukaryotic initiation
factor 4E-binding protein 1-70-kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase pathway for
protein synthesis. DMF reduced the mRNA expression of E3 ubiquitin ligase- and
autophagy-lysosomal-related genes involved in proteolysis via the
phosphorylation of Forkhead box O3. DMF upregulated peroxisome proliferator-activated
receptor-gamma coactivator 1 alpha, nuclear respiratory factor 1, and
mitochondrial transcription factor A along with the increase of relative
mitochondrial DNA content. DMF alleviated inflammatory responses by reducing the
tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 serum and mRNA levels.
Collectively, DMF can be used as a natural agent to inhibit sarcopenia via
improving protein turnover and mitochondria function" - See
Kaempferia parviflora at Amazon.com and
Kaempferia parviflora at iHerb.com.
-
The citrus flavonoid
nobiletin confers protection from metabolic dysregulation in high-fat-fed mice
independent of AMPK - J Lipid Res. 2020 Mar;61(3):387-402 -
"The flavonoid nobiletin displays potent lipid-lowering
and insulin-sensitizing properties in mice with metabolic dysfunction ... In
mice fed a high-fat diet, nobiletin robustly prevented obesity, hepatic
steatosis, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance, and it improved energy
expenditure in Ampkβ1 -/-, AccDKI, and iβ1β2AKO mice to the same extent as in WT
controls. Thus, the beneficial metabolic effects of nobiletin in vivo are
conferred independently of hepatic or adipocyte AMPK activation. These studies
further underscore the therapeutic potential of nobiletin and begin to clarify
possible mechanisms" - See nobiletin at
Amazon.com.
-
Fisetin Improved
Rotenone-Induced Behavioral Deficits, Oxidative Changes, and Mitochondrial
Dysfunctions in Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease - J Diet Suppl. 2020
Jan 29 - "Oxidative stress plays an important role in
the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), particularly the inhibition of
mitochondrial complex-I. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of fisetin in
the rotenone-induced rat model of PD. Rotenone was administered (2 mg/kg s.c.)
for 35 days to induce PD in animals. Fisetin was administered at two doses
(10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg p.o.) for 25 days to the animals that were given rotenone
... Fisetin treatment improved motor function in the cylinder test and reversed
the rotenone-induced changes in mitochondrial enzymes, striatal dopamine levels,
antioxidant enzyme levels and histological changes. An important finding of this
study was both the doses of fisetin significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced
rotenone-induced behavioral and biochemical changes and the effects were found
to be dose dependent. Based on the present results, we hypothesize that fisetin
may improve the mitochondrial enzyme activity, thereby preventing the
pathogenesis of PD" - See fisetin
at Amazon.com.
-
Dietary flavonols and
risk of Alzheimer dementia - Neurology. 2020 Jan 29 -
"Participants with the highest intake of total flavonols
had higher levels of education and more participation in physical and cognitive
activities. In Cox proportional hazards models, dietary intakes of flavonols
were inversely associated with incident Alzheimer dementia in models adjusted
for age, sex, education, APOE ɛ4, and participation in cognitive and physical
activities. Hazard ratios (HRs) for the fifth vs first quintiles of intake were
as follows: for total flavonol, 0.52 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.33-0.84);
for kaempferol, 0.49 (95% CI, 0.31-0.77); for myricetin, 0.62 (95% CI,
0.4-0.97); and for isorhamnetin, 0.62 (95% CI, 0.39-0.98). Quercetin was not
associated with Alzheimer dementia (HR, 0.69" - Note: I don't know
why they're saying 0.69 is not associated. Maybe it has to do with being
'statistical significant'.
-
Flavanol-rich lychee
fruit extract substantially reduces progressive cognitive and molecular deficits
in a triple-transgenic animal model of Alzheimer disease - Nutr Neurosci.
2019 Oct 11:1-15 - "Effective treatment to prevent or
arrest the advance of Alzheimer disease (AD) has yet to be discovered. We
investigated whether OligonolR, an FDA-approved flavanol-rich extract prepared
from lychee fruit and green tea, exerted beneficial effects relevant to AD in a
triple transgenic male mouse model of AD (3×Tg-AD). At 9 months of age,
untreated 3×Tg-AD mice vs. wild-type (WT) controls displayed cognitive deficits
in behavioral assays and, at 12 months, elevated levels of hippocampal amyloid
beta-protein (Aβ), amyloid precursor protein (APP), tau phosphorylation, and
pro-inflammatory cytokines. 3×Tg-AD mice given Oligonol showed fewer cognitive
deficits and attenuated pathological indices at 12 months. Oligonol treatment of
3×Tg-AD mice modulated expression of some critical brain proteins that involve
multiple pathways relevant to mitochondrial dysfunction, proteasomal failure,
endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and synaptic impairment. Together, these
results demonstrate that continuous Oligonol treatment attenuates AD-like
pathology and cognitive impairment of 3×Tg-AD mice and set the stage for
clinical trials of this flavanol-rich plant extract in patients with early AD"
- See Oligonol at Amazon.com.
-
A Selective Role of
Dietary Anthocyanins and Flavan-3-ols in Reducing the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes
Mellitus: A Review of Recent Evidence - Nutrients. 2019 Apr 13;11(4) -
"Diet
plays a critical role in reducing T2DM risk. Therapeutic dietary approaches
routinely recommend diets high in plant foods (i.e., vegetables, fruits,
whole-grains). In addition to essential micronutrients and fiber, plant-based
diets contain a wide-variety of polyphenols, specifically flavonoid compounds.
Evidence suggests that flavonoids may confer specific benefits for T2DM risk
reduction through pathways influencing glucose absorption and insulin
sensitivity and/or secretion ... Collectively, the research indicates that
certain flavonoids, explicitly anthocyanins and flavan-3-ols and foods rich in
these compounds, may have an important role in dietary algorithms aimed to
address diabetes risk factors and the development of T2DM" - See
grape seed extract at Amazon.com.
-
Chemo-preventive and
therapeutic effect of the dietary flavonoid kaempferol: A comprehensive review
- Phytother Res. 2018 Nov 7 - "Kaempferol, a natural flavonoid present in
several plants, possesses a wide range of therapeutic properties such as
antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory. It has a significant role in
reducing cancer and can act as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of diseases
and ailments such as diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, oxidative
stress, asthma, and microbial contamination disorders. Kaempferol acts through
different mechanisms: It induces apoptosis (HeLa cervical cancer cells),
decreases cell viability (G2/M phase), downregulates phosphoinositide 3-kinase
(PI3K)/AKT (protein kinase B) and human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus-I
(HTLV-I) signaling pathways, suppresses protein expression of epithelial-mesenchymal
transition (EMT)-related markers including N-cadherin, E-cadherin, Slug, and
Snail, and metastasis-related markers such as matrix metallopeptidase 2 (MMP-2)"
- See kaempferol at Amazon.com.
-
Flavanone-rich citrus
beverages counteract the transient decline in postprandial endothelial function
in humans: a randomised, controlled, double-masked, cross-over intervention
study - Br J Nutr. 2017 Jan 9:1-12 - "In summary,
citrus flavanones are effective at counteracting the negative impact of a
sequential double meal on human vascular function, potentially through the
actions of flavanone metabolites on nitric oxide" - [Nutra
USA] - See
American Health Products - Ester C W/Citrus Bioflavonoids, 1000 mg, 180 veg tablets at Amazon.com
 .
-
Effect of rutin on
diabetic-induced erectile dysfunction: Possible involvement of testicular
biomarkers in male rats - Andrologia. 2016 Oct 26 -
"Diabetic-induced alterations in male sexual behaviour and sperm count, motility
and viability were markedly corrected following 5 weeks of rutin treatment to
the diabetic animals. Rutin also attenuated the inhibited serum testosterone and
penile cGMP content, while improved diabetic-associated inflammation and
testicular lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress. Histopathological evaluation
revealed damaged testicular tissues in diabetic rats, which was protected
following rutin treatment. In conclusion, treatment with rutin improved sexual
functionality and also protects against diabetic-induced testicular damage"
- See
rutin at Amazon.com.
-
Flavonoids, Flavonoid
Subclasses, and Esophageal Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis of Epidemiologic Studies
- Nutrients. 2016 Jun 8;8(6) - "Comparing the
highest-intake patients with the lowest-intake patients for total flavonoids and
for each flavonoid subclass, we found that anthocyanidins (OR = 0.60, 95% CI:
0.49-0.74), flavanones (OR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.49-0.86), and flavones (OR = 0.78,
95% CI 0.64-0.95) were inversely associated with the risk of esophageal cancer.
However, total flavonoids showed marginal association with esophageal cancer
risk (OR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.59-1.04). In conclusion, our study suggested that
dietary intake of total flavonoids, anthocyanidins, flavanones, and flavones
might reduce the risk of esophageal cancer" - See
flavonoids at Amazon.com.
-
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver
Disease: Beneficial Effects of Flavonoids - Phytother Res. 2016 Jun 16 -
"Flavonoids prevent hepatosteatosis by increasing fatty
acid oxidation in the liver. They can also reduce caloric intake and decrease
body weight and fat deposition in visceral tissues. Flavonoids are unique
antioxidants that exert their beneficial effects through inhibition of nuclear
factor κB, thereby attenuating release of inflammatory cytokines, which are
triggers of insulin resistance. Finally, flavonoids have shown to increase
adiponectin, improve insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance, correct
dyslipidemia, and reduce blood pressure in patients with NAFLD"
-
The flavonoid baicalein
rescues synaptic plasticity and memory deficits in a mouse model of Alzheimer's
disease - Behav Brain Res. 2016 May 24 - "Baicalein
prevented Aβ-induced impairments in hippocampal LTP through activation of serine
threonine Kinase (Akt) phosphorylation. Long-term oral administration of
baicalein inhibited 12/15LO and GSK3β activity, reduced β-secretase enzyme
(BACE1), decreased the concentration of total Aβ, and prevented phosphorylation
of tau in APP/PS1 mice. Meanwhile, baicalein restored spine number, synaptic
plasticity, and memory deficits. Our results strengthen the potential of the
flavonoid baicalein as a novel and promising oral bioactive therapeutic agent
that prevents memory deficits in AD"
-
Rutin
protects rat articular chondrocytes against oxidative stress induced by hydrogen
peroxide through SIRT1 activation - Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2016 Apr 14
- "The progressive degeneration and ossification of
articular chondrocytes are main symptoms in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis
(OA). Several flavonoids may provide an adjunctive alternative for the
management of moderate OA in humans. Rutin, a natural flavone derivative
(quercetin-3-rhamnosylglucoside), is well known for its potent anti-inflammatory
and anti-oxidant properties against oxidative stress ... The findings of these
studies suggested the potential involvement of SIRT1 in the pathogenesis of OA,
and indicated that rutin is a possible therapeutic option for OA" - See
rutin at Amazon.com.
-
Flavonoid
intake and incident hypertension in women - Am J Clin Nutr. 2016 Mar 2 -
"In
this large prospective cohort of French middle-aged women, participants with
greater flavonol, anthocyanin, and polymeric flavonoid intakes and greater total
flavonoid intake were less likely to develop hypertension"
-
Dietary
flavonoid intake and incidence of erectile dysfunction - Am J Clin Nutr.
2016 Jan 13 - "In analyses stratified by age, a higher
intake of flavanones, anthocyanins, and flavones was significantly associated
with a reduction in risk of ED only in men <70 y old and not older men (11-16%
reduction in risk; P-interaction = 0.002, 0.03, and 0.007 for flavones,
flavanones, and anthocyanins, respectively). In food-based analysis, higher
total intake of fruit, a major source of anthocyanins and flavanones, was
associated with a 14% reduction in risk of ED"
-
Citrus
flavonoid, naringenin, increases locomotor activity and reduces diacylglycerol
accumulation in skeletal muscle of obese ovariectomized mice - Mol Nutr Food
Res. 2015 Nov 17 - "Dietary naringenin suppressed weight gain, lowered
hyperglycemia, and decreased intra-abdominal adiposity evaluated by magnetic
resonance imaging. Naringenin-fed mice exhibited elevated locomotor activity
monitored by infrared beam breaks, maintained muscle mass, and reduced muscle
diacylglycerol content" - See naringenin at Amazon.com.
-
Rutin
Increases Muscle Mitochondrial Biogenesis with AMPK Activation in High-Fat
Diet-Induced Obese Rats - Nutrients. 2015 Sep 22 -
"Supplementation with rutin reduced body weight and adipose tissue mass, despite
equivalent energy intake (p < 0.05). Rutin significantly increased mitochondrial
size and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content as well as gene expression related to
mitochondrial biogenesis, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ
coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), nuclear respiratory factor-1 (NRF-1), transcription
factor A (Tfam), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent
deacetylase, sirtulin1 (SIRT1) in skeletal muscle (p < 0.05). Moreover, rutin
consumption increased muscle adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase
(AMPK) activity by 40% (p < 0.05). Taken together, these results suggested at
least partial involvement of muscle mitochondria and AMPK activation in the
rutin-mediated beneficial effect on obesity" - See
rutin at Amazon.com.
-
Dietary
flavonoid fisetin binds to β-tubulin and disrupts microtubule dynamics in
prostate cancer cells - Cancer Lett. 2015 Jul 30 - "Fisetin significantly
inhibited PCa cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Nudc, a protein
associated with microtubule motor dynein/dynactin complex that regulates
microtubule dynamics was inhibited with fisetin treatment. Further, fisetin
treatment of a P-glycoprotein overexpressing multidrug-resistant cancer cell
line NCI/ADR-RES, inhibited the viability and colony formation. Our results
offer in vitro proof-of-concept for fisetin as a microtubule targeting agent. We
suggest fisetin could be developed as an adjuvant for treatment of prostate and
other cancer types" - See fisetin at Amazon.com.
-
Higher
dietary anthocyanin and flavonol intakes are associated with anti-inflammatory
effects in a population of US adults - Am J Clin Nutr. 2015 May 27 -
"calculated from validated food-frequency questionnaires
... an inverse association between higher anthocyanin and flavonol intakes and
IS was observed with a mean ± SE difference between quintile categories 5 and 1
of -1.48" - See
Garden of Life, Radical Fruits Antioxidant Complex at Amazon.com
and Jarrow Formulas OPCs + 95 100mg, Grape Seed Extract, 100 Capsules at Amazon.com
 .
-
Purified
anthocyanin supplementation reduces dyslipidemia, enhances antioxidant capacity,
and prevents insulin resistance in diabetic patients - J Nutr. 2015
Apr;145(4):742-8 - "A total of 58 diabetic patients were
given 160 mg of anthocyanins twice daily or placebo (n = 29/group) for 24 wk ...
Anthocyanin supplementation significantly decreased serum LDL cholesterol (by
7.9%; P < 0.05), triglycerides (by 23.0%; P < 0.01), apolipoprotein (apo) B-48
(by 16.5%; P < 0.05), and apo C-III (by 11.0%; P < 0.01) and increased HDL
cholesterol (by 19.4%; P < 0.05) compared with placebo after the 24-wk
intervention ... Furthermore, supplementation with anthocyanin lowered fasting
plasma glucose (by 8.5%; P < 0.05) and homeostasis model assessment for insulin
resistance index (by 13%; P < 0.05), and elevated serum adiponectin (by 23.4%; P
< 0.01) and β-hydroxybutyrate (by 42.4%; P = 0.01) concentrations compared with
placebo supplementation" - See
Garden of Life, Radical Fruits Antioxidant Complex at Amazon.com
and Jarrow Formulas OPCs + 95 100mg, Grape Seed Extract, 100 Capsules at Amazon.com.
-
Anthocyanin
- Wikipedia - "They belong to a parent class
of molecules called flavonoids ... Plants rich in anthocyanins are Vaccinium species, such as blueberry, cranberry, and bilberry; Rubus
berries, including black raspberry, red raspberry, and blackberry;
blackcurrant, cherry, eggplant peel, black rice, Concord grape,
muscadine grape, red cabbage, and violet petals"
-
Anthocyanin Pigments and Polyphenolics
- oregonstate.edu - "Anthocyanins are one
class of flavonoid compounds, which are widely distributed plant
polyphenols"
-
Flavonoid
intake and all-cause mortality - Am J Clin Nutr. 2015 Apr 1 -
"to explore the association between flavonoid intake and
risk of 5-y mortality from all causes by using 2 comprehensive food composition
databases to assess flavonoid intake ... Participants with high total flavonoid
intake were at lower risk [multivariate-adjusted HR (95% CI)] of 5-y all-cause
mortality than those with low levels of total flavonoid consumption [total
flavonoidUSDA: 0.37 (0.22, 0.58); total flavonoidPE: 0.36 (0.22, 0.60)]. Similar
beneficial relationships were observed for both cardiovascular disease mortality
[total flavonoidUSDA: 0.34 (0.17, 0.69); flavonoidPE: 0.32 (0.16, 0.61)] and
cancer mortality [total flavonoidUSDA: 0.25 (0.10, 0.62); flavonoidPE: 0.26
(0.11, 0.62)]"
-
Dietary
flavonoid intake at midlife and healthy aging in women - Am J Clin Nutr.
2014 Dec;100(6):1489-1497 - "Of women who survived until
≥70 y of age, 1517 women (11.0%) met our criteria for healthy aging. Compared
with women in the lowest quintile of intake, women in the highest quintile of
intake of several flavonoid subclasses at midlife had greater odds of healthy
aging. After multivariable adjustment, ORs were as follows: flavones, 1.32 (95%
CI: 1.10, 1.58); flavanone, 1.28 (95% CI: 1.08, 1.53); anthocyanin, 1.25 (95%
CI: 1.04, 1.50); and flavonol, 1.18 (95% CI: 0.98, 1.42) (all P-trend ≤ 0.02).
Consistently, greater intakes of major sources of these flavonoids (i.e.,
oranges, berries, onions, and apples) were associated with increased odds of
healthy aging"
-
Luteolin
Induces Apoptosis in BE Colorectal Cancer Cells by Downregulating Calpain,
UHRF1, and DNMT1 Expressions - Nutr Cancer. 2014 Sep 10:1-8 -
"We conclude from these results that targeting calpain,
UHRF1, and DNMT1 using luteolin could be an interesting way to prevent and/or
treat colorectal cancers" - See luteolin products at Amazon.com.
-
The effects
of low and high concentrations of luteolin on cultured human endothelial cells
under normal and glucotoxic conditions: involvement of integrin-linked kinase
and cyclooxygenase-2 - Phytother Res. 2014 Sep;28(9):1301-7 -
"Luteolin
protects against high glucose (HG)-induced endothelial dysfunction whereas its cytotoxicity has been reported against normal endothelial cells ... The
protective effect of luteolin was associated with decreased intracellular
reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca(2+) (Cai(2+) ) levels and enhanced nitric
oxide (NO) production" - See luteolin products at Amazon.com.
-
Luteolin
Alleviates Alcoholic Liver Disease Induced by Chronic and Binge Ethanol Feeding
in Mice - J Nutr. 2014 May 14 - "Compared with the
EtOH group, the EtOH + Lut group had significant reductions in serum
concentrations of ALT (43%), TG (22%), LDL cholesterol (52%), and lipid
accumulation in the liver" - See luteolin at Amazon.com.
-
Rutin
protects against cognitive deficits and brain damage in rats with chronic
cerebral hypoperfusion - Br J Pharmacol. 2014 Apr 24 -
"Rutin, an active flavonoid compound, has been shown to
potently protect the brain against several insults via its anti-oxidant and
anti-inflammatory properties, but its effect on cognitive deficits and brain
damage caused by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion remains unknown so far ...
Studies were carried out in rats with permanent bilateral common carotid artery
occlusion (BCCAO), a well-established rat model of chronic cerebral
hypoperfusion ...BCCAO rats showed remarkable cognitive deficits, which were
significantly improved by rutin treatment. Moreover, BCCAO rats exhibited
central cholinergic dysfunction, oxidative damage, inflammatory responses, and
neuronal damage in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus as compared with
sham-operated rats, all of which were significantly alleviated by long-term
treatment of rutin" - See
rutin at Amazon.com.
-
Rutin
improves spatial memory in Alzheimer's disease transgenic mice by reducing Aβ
oligomer level and attenuating oxidative stress and neuroinflammation -
Behav Brain Res. 2014 Feb 7 - "orally administered rutin
significantly attenuated memory deficits in AD transgenic mice, decreased
oligomeric Aβ level, increased super oxide dismutase activity and glutathione
(GSH)/glutathione disulfide (GSSG) ratio, reduced GSSG and malondialdehyde (MDA)
levels, downregulated microgliosis and astrocytosis, and decreased interleukin
(IL)-1β and IL-6 levels in the brain. These results indicated that rutin is a
promising agent for AD treatment because of its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory,
and reducing Aβ oligomer activities" - See
rutin at Amazon.com.
- Rutin - Wikipedia -
"Rutin is a citrus flavonoid glycoside found in many
plants including buckwheat,[6] the leaves and petioles of Rheum species, and
asparagus"
-
Luteolin is
effective in the non-small-cell lung cancer model with L858R/T790M EGFR mutation
and erlotinib resistance - Br J Pharmacol. 2014 Jan 29 -
"We found that
luteolin exerted remarkable anti-tumorigenic effects on EGFR L858R/T790M
mutation and erlotinib-resistant NSCLC both at cell and animal levels.
Mechanistically, luteolin induced EGFR degradation through inhibiting the
association of Hsp90 and mutant EGFR and therefore obviously prevented PI3K/AKT/mTOR
signalling and led to NSCLC cell apoptosis" - See luteolin at Amazon.com.
- Luteolin - Wikipedia
- "Luteolin is a flavone, a type of flavonoid. Like
all flavonoids, it has a yellow crystalline appearance"
-
Dietary
Intakes of Individual Flavanols and Flavonols Are Inversely Associated with
Incident Type 2 Diabetes in European Populations - J Nutr. 2013 Dec 24 -
"The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and
Nutrition (EPIC)-InterAct case-cohort study was conducted in 8 European
countries across 26 study centers with 340,234 participants contributing 3.99
million person-years of follow-up, among whom 12,403 incident T2D cases were
ascertained and a center-stratified subcohort of 16,154 individuals was defined.
We estimated flavonoid intake at baseline from validated dietary questionnaires
using a database developed from Phenol-Explorer and USDA databases ... Among the
flavanol subclass, we observed significant inverse trends between intakes of all
individual flavan-3-ol monomers and risk of T2D in multivariable models (all
P-trend < 0.05). We also observed significant trends for the intakes of
proanthocyanidin dimers (HR for the highest vs. the lowest quintile: 0.81; 95%
CI: 0.71, 0.92; P-trend = 0.003) and trimers (HR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.80, 1.04;
P-trend = 0.07) but not for proanthocyanidins with a greater polymerization
degree. Among the flavonol subclass, myricetin (HR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.64, 0.93;
P-trend = 0.001) was associated with a lower incidence of T2D" - See flavonoids at Amazon.com.
-
Intakes of
Anthocyanins and Flavones Are Associated with Biomarkers of Insulin Resistance
and Inflammation in Women - J Nutr. 2013 Dec 11 -
"In multivariable analyses, higher anthocyanin and flavone intake were
associated with significantly lower peripheral insulin resistance [homeostasis
model assessment of insulin resistance; quintile 5 (Q5) to Q1 = -0.1, P-trend =
0.04 for anthocyanins and flavones] as a result of a decrease in insulin
concentrations (Q5-Q1 = -0.7 μU/mL, P-trend = 0.02 anthocyanins; Q5-Q1 = -0.5
μU/mL, P-trend = 0.02 flavones). Higher anthocyanin intake was also associated
with lower hs-CRP levels (Q5-Q1 = -0.3 mg/L, P-trend = 0.04), whereas those in
the highest quintile of flavone intake had improved adiponectin levels (Q5-Q1 =
0.7 μg/L, P-trend = 0.01). Anthocyanin-rich foods were also associated with
lower insulin and inflammation levels"
- Anthocyanin -
Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - "Anthocyanins ...
are water-soluble vacuolar pigments that may appear red, purple, or blue
depending on the pH. They belong to a parent class of molecules called
flavonoids synthesized via the phenylpropanoid pathway; they are odorless
and nearly flavorless, contributing to taste as a moderately astringent
sensation ... Plants rich in anthocyanins are Vaccinium species, such as
blueberry, cranberry, and bilberry; Rubus berries, including black
raspberry, red raspberry, and blackberry; blackcurrant, cherry, eggplant
peel, black rice, Concord grape, muscadine grape, red cabbage, and violet
petals" - See
Garden of Life, Radical Fruits Antioxidant Complex at Amazon.com.
-
Anthocyanin
supplementation improves HDL-associated paraoxonase 1 activity and enhances
cholesterol efflux capacity in subjects with hypercholesterolemia - J Clin
Endocrinol Metab. 2013 Nov 27 - "Paraoxonase 1 (PON1),
an enzyme associated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL-PON1), is reported to
have antioxidant and cardioprotective properties ... A total of 122
hypercholesterolemic subjects were given 160 mg of anthocyanins twice daily or
placebo (n = 61 of each group) for 24 wk in a double-blind, randomized,
placebo-controlled trial ... Anthocyanin consumption significantly increased HDL
cholesterol and decreased LDL cholesterol concentrations compared with placebo
(P < 0.018 and P<0.001, respectively). Anthocyanin supplementation also
increased the activity of HDL-PON1 compared with placebo (P<0.001)" - See
anthocyanin products at iHerb.
- Tea
consumption and cardiovascular disease risk - Am J Clin Nutr. 2013 Oct 30 -
"performed a search in 3 databases for meta-analyses and
compared them with studies they subsumed ... In the case of stroke, a
consistent, dose-response association with tea consumption on both incidence and
mortality was noted with RRs of 0.80 (95% CI: 0.65, 0.98) for flavonoids and
0.79 (95% CI: 0.73, 0.85) for tea when high and low intakes were compared or the
addition of 3 cups/d was estimated" - Note: Blueberries are one of the
highest in flavonoids. My pick for flavonoids would be
Garden of Life, Radical Fruits Antioxidant Complex at Amazon.com.
- An
encapsulated juice powder concentrate improves markers of pulmonary function and
cardiovascular risk factors in heavy smokers - J Am Coll Nutr. 2013
Feb;32(1):18-25 - "75 apparently healthy smokers (aged
49.2 +/- 10.6 years, >20 cigarettes/d, duration ≥10 years) randomized into 3
groups: placebo (P), fruit/vegetable (FV) and fruit/vegetable/berry (FVB) ...
FVB showed a significant improvement in forced expiratory flow at 25% (FEF25; p
< 0.0001 vs P and FV) and significant improvement in CO diffusion lung/alveolar
volume (DLCO/VA). FV and FVB (50%) showed significant reduction in tHcy and tCys
compared to T 0"
- Synaptophysin and the dopaminergic system in hippocampus are involved in the
protective effect of rutin against trimethyltin-induced learning and memory
impairment - Nutr Neurosci. 2013 Sep 2 - "Trimethyltin-induced spatial learning impairment showed a dose-dependent mode.
Synaptophysin but not growth-associated protein 43 was decreased in the
hippocampus after trimethyltin administration. The concentration of dopamine
decreased, while homovanillic acid increased in the hippocampus after
trimethyltin administration. Mice pretreated with 20 mg/kg of rutin for 7
consecutive days exhibited improved water maze performance. Moreover, rutin
pretreatment reversed the decrease of synaptophysin expression and dopamine
alteration" - See rutin
products at iHerb.
- Rutin - Wikipedia -"Rutin
is a citrus flavonoid glycoside found in buckwheat,[4] the leaves and
petioles of Rheum species, and asparagus ... Rutin is also found in the
fruit of the fava d'anta tree (from Brazil), fruits and flowers of the
pagoda tree, fruits and fruit rinds (especially the citrus fruits orange,
grapefruit, lemon, and lime) and apple; berries such as mulberry, ash tree
fruits and cranberries ... Rutin (quercetin rutinoside), like quercitrin, is
a glycoside of the flavonoid quercetin. As such, the chemical structures of
both are very similar, with the difference existing in the hydroxyl
functional group. Both quercetin and rutin are used in many countries as
medications for blood vessel protection"
- Flavonoid
intake and risk of CVD: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective
cohort studies - Br J Nutr. 2013 Aug 16:1-11 - "The
summary RR for CVD for every 10 mg/d increment in flavonol intake was 0.95 (95 %
CI 0.91, 0.99). The present systematic review suggests that the dietary intakes
of six classes of flavonoids, namely flavonols, anthocyanidins,
proanthocyanidins, flavones, flavanones and flavan-3-ols, significantly decrease
the risk of CVD"
- Flavonoid
apigenin modified gene expression associated with inflammation and cancer and
induced apoptosis in human pancreatic cancer cells through inhibition of
GSK-3β/NF-κB signaling cascade - Mol Nutr Food Res. 2013 Aug 14 -
"Flavonoids have a protective role in pancreatic cancer
tumorigenesis"
- Dietary
flavonoids intake and risk of type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis of prospective
cohort studies - Clin Nutr. 2013 Mar 26 - "searched
PubMed through March 2013 for relevant cohort studies that assessed total
flavonoids and type 2 diabetes risks ... The summary relative risk (RR) of type
2 diabetes for the highest intake of total flavonoids compared with the lowest
was 0.91 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.87-0.96). Furthermore, an increase in
the total flavonoids intake of 500mg/d was associated with a significant risk
reduction of 5% (RR=0.95, 95% CI: 0.91-0.98)"
- The
anti-inflammatory potential of phenolic compounds in grape juice concentrate
(G8000™) on 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid-induced colitis - Br J
Nutr. 2013 Mar 22:1-8 - "Chronic inflammatory bowel
disease is characterised by an up-regulation of the synthesis and release of a
variety of pro-inflammatory mediators leading to excessive tissue injury.
Flavonoids are able to inhibit enzymes and/or due to their antioxidant
properties regulate the immune response. The goal of the present study was to
evaluate the mechanisms of action of phenolic compounds present in grape juice
on 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis. A total of
forty-one male Wistar rats were randomised into seven groups: negative control
group; TNBS non-treated induced colitis; 2 % grape juice control group; 1 %
grape juice 24 h after TNBS colitis induction; 1 % grape juice on day 7 after
colitis induction; 2 % grape juice 24 h after colitis induction; 2 % grape juice
on day 7 after colitis induction. The 1 % grape juice-treated induced colitis
group showed marked clinical improvement when compared with the TNBS-induced
colitis group" - See Jarrow Formulas, OPCs + 95 at Amazon.com
or
Garden of Life, Radical Fruits Antioxidant Complex at Amazon.com.
- High
anthocyanin intake is associated with a reduced risk of myocardial infarction in
young and middle-aged women - Circulation. 2013 Jan 15 -
"We followed up 93 600 women 25 to 42 years of age from
the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) II who were healthy at baseline (1989) to examine
the relationship between anthocyanins and other flavonoids and the risk of MI.
Intake of flavonoid subclasses was calculated from validated food-frequency
questionnaires ... An inverse association between higher intake of anthocyanins
and risk of MI was observed (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% confidence interval,
0.49-0.96; P=0.03, highest versus lowest quintiles) after multivariate
adjustment ... Combined intake of 2 anthocyanin-rich foods, blueberries and
strawberries, tended to be associated with a decreased risk of MI (hazard ratio,
0.66; 95% confidence interval, 0.40-1.08) in a comparison of those consuming >3
servings a week and those with lower intake. Intakes of other flavonoid
subclasses were not significantly associated with MI risk"
- Raf and PI3K
are the Molecular Targets for the Anti-metastatic Effect of Luteolin -
Phytother Res. 2012 Nov 21 - "Metastases are the primary
cause of human cancer deaths. Luteolin, a naturally occurring phytochemical, has
chemopreventive and/or anticancer properties in several cancer cell lines ... An
in vivo mouse study showed that oral administration (10 or 50 mg/kg) of luteolin
significantly inhibited tumor nodules and tumor volume of lung metastasis
induced by intravenous injection of CT-26 cells. Luteolin also inhibited MMP-9
expression and activity in CT-26-induced mouse lung tissue. These results
suggest that luteolin may have considerable potential for development as an
anti-metastatic agent"
- Luteolin -
Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - "Luteolin is a
yellow crystalline compound. It is a flavonoid; to be specific, it is one of
the more common flavones.[1] From preliminary research, it is thought to
play a role in the human body possibly as an antioxidant, a free radical
scavenger, a promoter of carbohydrate metabolism, or an immune system
modulator"
- Dietary
flavonoid and lignan intake and gastric adenocarcinoma risk in the European
Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study - Am J Clin
Nutr. 2012 Oct 17 - "gastric cancer (GC) ...followed
477,312 subjects (29.8% men) aged 35-70 y from 10 European countries who
participated in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition
(EPIC) study. Validated dietary questionnaires and lifestyle information were
collected at baseline ... average follow-up of 11 y ... We observed a
significant inverse association between total flavonoid intake and GC risk in
women (HR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.70, 0.94; for the continuous variable after log(2)
transformation) but not in men (HR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.85, 1.09). In women,
significant inverse associations with GC risk were also observed for intakes of
some flavonoid subgroups (anthocyanidins, flavonols, flavones, and flavanols),
particularly with intestinal type tumors for total flavonoid and flavanol
intakes"
- The risk of
lung cancer related to dietary intake of flavonoids - Nutr Cancer. 2012
Oct;64(7):964-74 - "Overall, total flavonoid intake was
not associated with lung cancer risk, the effect being similar regardless of sex
and smoking level. However, low flavonoid intake from food, but not from
beverages, was associated with an increased risk. The adjusted ORs (95% CIs)
comparing the highest vs. the lowest quartiles of intake were 0.63 (0.47-0.85)
for total flavonoids, 0.82 (0.61-1.11) for anthocyanidins, 0.67 (0.50-0.90) for
flavan-3-ols, 0.68 (0.50-0.93) for flavones, 0.62 (0.45-0.84) for flavonols, and
0.70 (0.53-0.94) for flavanones. An inverse association with total flavone and
flavanone intake was observed for squamous cell carcinoma but not
adenocarcinoma. In conclusion, low flavonoid intake from food may increase lung
cancer risk"
- See
Garden of Life, Radical Fruits Antioxidant Complex at Amazon.com.
- Habitual
flavonoid intakes are positively associated with bone mineral density in women
- J Bone Miner Res. 2012 May 1 - "The aim of this
observational study was to examine the association between habitual intake of
flavonoid sub-classes with bone mineral density (BMD) in a cohort of female
twins. 3160 women from the TwinsUK adult twin registry participated in the
study. Habitual intakes of flavonoids and sub-classes (flavanones, anthocyanins,
flavan-3-ols, polymers, flavonols, flavones) were calculated from
semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires using an updated and extended
USDA database ... total flavonoid intake was positively associated with higher
BMD at the spine but not at the hip ... total flavonoid intake was positively
associated with BMD, with effects observed for anthocyanins and flavones at both
the hip and spine supporting a role for flavonoids present in plant-based foods
on bone health"
- Habitual
intake of dietary flavonoids and risk of Parkinson disease - Neurology. 2012
Apr 10;78(15):1138-45 - "We identified 805 participants
(438 men and 367 women) who developed PD during 20-22 years of follow-up. In
men, after adjusting for multiple confounders, participants in the highest
quintile of total flavonoids had a 40% lower PD risk than those in the lowest
quintile (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.60; 95% confidence interval 0.43, 0.83; p trend
= 0.001). No significant relationship was observed in women (p trend = 0.62) or
in pooled analyses (p trend = 0.23). In the pooled analyses for the subclasses,
intakes of anthocyanins and a rich dietary source, berries, were significantly
associated with a lower PD risk (HR comparing 2 extreme intake quintiles were
0.76 for anthocyanins and 0.77 for berries, respectively; p trend < 0.02 for
both)" - See
Jarrow Formulas OPCs + 95 at Amazon.com.
- Flavonoid
intake and cardiovascular disease mortality in a prospective cohort of US adults
- Am J Clin Nutr. 2012 Jan 4 - "Men and women with total
flavonoid intakes in the top (compared with the bottom) quintile had a lower
risk of fatal CVD (RR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.73, 0.92; P-trend = 0.01). Five flavonoid
classes-anthocyanidins, flavan-3-ols, flavones, flavonols, and
proanthocyanidins-were individually associated with lower risk of fatal CVD (all
P-trend < 0.05). In men, total flavonoid intakes were more strongly associated
with stroke mortality (RR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.44, 0.89; P-trend = 0.04) than with
ischemic heart disease (RR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.72, 1.13). Many associations
appeared to be nonlinear, with lower risk at intakes above the referent
category.Conclusions: Flavonoid consumption was associated with lower risk of
death from CVD. Most inverse associations appeared with intermediate intakes,
suggesting that even relatively small amounts of flavonoid-rich foods may be
beneficial"
-
Inhibition
of advanced glycation end-product formation on eye lens protein by rutin -
Br J Nutr. 2011 Aug 25:1-9 - "Formation of advanced
glycation end products (AGE) plays a key role in the several pathophysiologies
associated with ageing and diabetes, such as arthritis, atherosclerosis, chronic
renal insufficiency, Alzheimer's disease, nephropathy, neuropathy and cataract.
This raises the possibility of inhibition of AGE formation as one of the
approaches to prevent or arrest the progression of diabetic complications.
Previously, we have reported that some common dietary sources such as fruits,
vegetables, herbs and spices have the potential to inhibit AGE formation.
Flavonoids are abundantly found in fruits, vegetables, herbs and spices, and
rutin is one of the commonly found dietary flavonols. In the present study, we
have demonstrated the antiglycating potential and mechanism of action of rutin
using goat eye lens proteins as model proteins. Under in vitro conditions, rutin
inhibited glycation as assessed by SDS-PAGE, AGE-fluorescence, boronate affinity
chromatography and immunodetection of specific AGE. Further, we provided insight
into the mechanism of inhibition of protein glycation that rutin not only
scavenges free-radicals directly but also chelates the metal ions by forming
complexes with them and thereby partly inhibiting post-Amadori formation. These
findings indicate the potential of rutin to prevent and/or inhibit protein
glycation and the prospects for controlling AGE-mediated diabetic pathological
conditions in vivo" - See
rutin products at iHerb. AGE's are a major
cause of aging. See
my AGE page.
-
Luteolin
induces apoptosis in multidrug resistant cancer cells without affecting the drug
transporter function: involvement of cell line-specific apoptotic mechanisms
- Int J Cancer. 2011 Jul 25 - "These results suggest
that luteolin possesses therapeutic potential to control the proliferation of
MDR cancers without affecting the physiological function of drug transporters in
the body tissues"
-
Naringin
Protects against Kainic Acid-Induced Status Epilepticus in Rats: Evidence for an
Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory and Neuroprotective Intervention - Biol Pharm
Bull. 2011;34(3):360-5 - "The effect of naringin, a
bioflavanoid, with potent antioxidant activity was studied on kainic acid
(KA)-induced seizures, cognitive deficit and oxidative stress. Rats were
administered KA (10 mg/kg intraperitoneally (i.p.)) and observed for behavioral
changes and incidence and latency of convulsions over 4 h. The rats were
thereafter sacrificed and oxidative stress parameters like malondialdehyde (MDA)
and glutathione (GSH) were estimated in the brain. The level of proinflammatory
cytokine, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α was also determined in the rat brain. It
was observed that pretreatment with naringin (20, 40, 80 mg/kg, i.p.)
significantly (p<0.001) increased the latency of seizures as compared to the
vehicle treated-KA group. Naringin (40, 80 mg/kg) also significantly prevented
the increase in MDA and fall in GSH levels due to KA. In addition, naringin
dose-dependently attenuated the KA-induced increase in the TNF-α levels of
brain. The pretreatment with naringin also significantly increased retention
latency in the passive avoidance task. This shows that naringin reduced the
cognitive deficit induced by KA. The results of our study suggest that naringin
has therapeutic potential since it suppresses KA-induced seizures, cognitive
impairment and oxidative stress in the brain. These neuroprotective effects are
a result of its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity" - See
naringin products at iHerb.
-
Flavanol-rich cocoa ameliorates lipemia-induced endothelial dysfunction -
Heart Vessels. 2010 Dec 8 - "Consumption of flavanols
improves chronic endothelial dysfunction. We investigated whether it can also
improve acute lipemia-induced endothelial dysfunction. In this randomized,
placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover trial, 18 healthy subjects received
a fatty meal with cocoa either rich in flavanols (918 mg) or flavanol-poor.
Flow-mediated dilation (FMD), triglycerides, and free fatty acids were then
determined over 6 h. After the flavanol-poor fat loading, the FMD deteriorated
over 4 h. The consumption of flavanol-rich cocoa, in contrast, improved this
deterioration in hours 2, 3, and 4 without abolishing it completely. Flavanols
did not have any influence on triglycerides or on free fatty acids.
Flavanol-rich cocoa can alleviate the lipemia-induced endothelial dysfunction,
probably through an improvement in endothelial NO synthase"
-
Flavonoids,
proanthocyanidins, and cancer risk: a network of case-control studies from Italy
- Nutr Cancer. 2010 Oct;62(7):871-7 - "Total flavonoids,
flavanones, and flavonols were inversely related to oral and laryngeal cancers
(ORs, respectively 0.56 and 0.60 for total flavonoids; 0.51 and 0.60 for
flavanones; and 0.62 and 0.32 for flavonols). Flavanols were also inversely
related to laryngeal cancer (OR = 0.64), whereas flavanones were inversely
related to esophageal cancer (OR = 0.38). A reduced risk of colorectal cancer
was found for high intake of anthocyanidins (OR = 0.67), flavonols (OR = 0.64),
flavones (OR = 0.78), and isoflavones (OR = 0.76). Inverse relations with breast
cancer were found for flavones (OR = 0.81) and flavonols (OR = 0.80). Flavonols
(OR = 0.63) and isoflavones (OR = 0.51) were inversely associated to ovarian
cancer, whereas flavonols (OR = 0.69) and flavones (OR = 0.68) were inversely
associated to renal cancer. No association between flavonoids and prostate
cancer emerged. We found inverse associations between proanthocyanidins and
colorectal cancer. These associations appeared stronger for proanthocyanidins
with a higher degree of polymerization (OR = 0.69 for ≥ 10 mers)"
-
Flavonoids, proanthocyanidins, and the risk of stomach cancer - Cancer
Causes Control. 2010 Jun 3 - "Strong inverse
relations were found for proanthocyanidins. The OR was 0.44 (95% CI,
0.25-0.76) for monomers and dimers combined and 0.36 (95% CI, 0.21-0.63) for
polymers with three or more mers. Further adjustment for fruit and
vegetables, or vitamin C, did not materially change these associations. This
is the first epidemiological study to suggest that dietary proanthocyanidins
have a favorable role on gastric cancer risk"
-
Dietary flavonoid intake and colorectal cancer: a case-control study -
Br J Nutr. 2009 Sep 7:1-8 - "We concluded that
flavonols, specifically quercetin, obtained from non-tea components of the
diet may be linked with reduced risk of developing colon cancer" -
See
quercetin products at iHerb.
-
Dietary
Flavonol Intake May Lower Stroke Risk in Men and Women - J Nutr. 2010 Jan 20
- "A high intake of flavonols compared with a low intake
was inversely associated with nonfatal and fatal stroke with a pooled relative
risk of 0.80"
-
Impact
of cocoa flavanol consumption on blood pressure responsiveness to exercise
- Br J Nutr. 2010 Jan 19:1-5 - "randomised to
consume single servings of either a high-flavanol (HF, 701 mg) or a
low-flavanol (LF, 22 mg) cocoa beverage in a double-blind, cross-over design
... the BP response to exercise (area under BP curve) was attenuated by HF
compared with LF. BP increases were 68 % lower for DBP (P = 0.03) and 14 %
lower for mean BP (P = 0.05). FMD measurements were higher after taking HF
than after taking LF (6.1 (se 0.6) % v. 3.4 (se 0.5) %, P < 0.001). By
facilitating vasodilation and attenuating exercise-induced increases in BP,
cocoa flavanols may decrease cardiovascular risk and enhance the
cardiovascular benefits of moderate intensity exercise in at-risk
individuals"
-
Flavonoid intake and disability-adjusted life years due to Alzheimer's and
related dementias: a population-based study involving twenty-three developed
countries - Public Health Nutr. 2010 Jan 11:1-7 -
"Flavonols and combined flavonoids (all five
combined) intakes were the only two parameters with significant (P < 0.05)
negative dementia correlations. Multiple linear regression models confirmed
this relationship, and excluded confounding from some other dietary and
non-dietary factors. Similar analyses with non-dementia,
neurological/psychiatric diseases did not yield significant correlations.
CONCLUSIONS: At a global level, and in the context of different genetic
backgrounds, our results suggest that higher consumption of dietary
flavonoids, especially flavonols, is associated with lower population rates
of dementia in these countries"
-
Pure
dietary flavonoids quercetin and (-)-epicatechin augment nitric oxide
products and reduce endothelin-1 acutely in healthy men - Am J Clin
Nutr. 2008 Oct;88(4):1018-25 - "Dietary flavonoids,
such as quercetin and (-)-epicatechin, can augment nitric oxide status and
reduce endothelin-1 concentrations and may thereby improve endothelial
function"
-
Luteolin reduces IL-6 production in microglia by inhibiting JNK
phosphorylation and activation of AP-1 - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008
May 19 - "Luteolin consumption reduced LPS-induced
IL-6 in plasma 4 h after injection. Furthermore, luteolin decreased the
induction of IL-6 mRNA by LPS in hippocampus but not in the cortex or
cerebellum. Taken together, these data suggest luteolin inhibits LPS-induced
IL-6 production in the brain by inhibiting the JNK signaling pathway and
activation of AP-1 in microglia. Thus, luteolin may be useful for mitigating
neuroinflammation"
-
Dietary flavonoid intake and risk of cancer in postmenopausal women: The
Iowa Women's Health Study - Int J Cancer. 2008 May 19 -
"After multivariable adjustment, lung cancer
incidence was inversely associated with intakes of flavanones (HR = 0.68;
95% CI: 0.53-0.86, all results highest vs. lowest quintile) and
proanthocyanidins (HR = 0.75; 95% CI: 0.57-0.97). Among current and past
smokers, those with intakes in the highest quintile for flavanones (HR =
0.66; 95% CI: 0.50-0.86), and proanthocyanidins (HR = 0.66; 95% CI;
0.49-0.89) had significantly lower lung cancer incidence than those in the
lowest quintile. Similar associations were not seen in never smokers.
Isoflavone intake was inversely associated with overall cancer incidence (HR
= 0.93, 95% CI: 0.86-1.00). This study provides further support for a
beneficial effect of flavonoid intake on lung cancer risk, especially among
current and past smokers"
-
Flavonoids and ovarian cancer risk: A case-control study in Italy - Int
J Cancer. 2008 May 19 - "In logistic regression
models including study center, education, year of interview, parity, oral
contraceptive use and family history of ovarian or breast cancer or both, an
inverse relation with significant trend in risk was found between ovarian
cancer and flavonols [odds ratio (OR), 0.63; 95% confidence intervals (CI)
0.47-0.84] as well as isoflavones (OR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.37-0.69), comparing
the highest versus the lowest quintile. Further adjustment for fruit and
vegetable intake did not modify these associations, suggesting that
isoflavones and flavonols may have a distinct role in explaining the effect
of fruit and vegetable against ovarian cancer. On the basis of our findings
and the relevant literature, we infer that isoflavones, and perhaps
flavonols, may have favorable effects with respect to ovarian cancer risk"
-
Serum C-reactive protein concentrations are inversely associated with
dietary flavonoid intake in u.s. Adults - J Nutr. 2008 Apr;138(4):753-60
- "Among the flavonoid compounds investigated,
quercetin, kaempferol, malvidin, peonidin, daidzein, and genistein had
inverse associations with serum CRP concentration"
-
Neuroprotective Effects of the Citrus Flavanones against H2O2-Induced
Cytotoxicity in PC12 Cells - J Agric Food Chem. 2008 Jan 12 -
"the citrus flavanones hesperidin, hesperetin, and
neohesperidin, even at physiological concentrations, have neuroprotective
effects against H 2O 2-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells. These dietary
antioxidants are potential candidates for use in the intervention for
neurodegenerative diseases" - See
hesperidin at Amazon.com.
-
Effects of flavonoids and phenolic acids on the inhibition of adipogenesis
in 3T3-L1 adipocytes - J Agric Food Chem. 2007 Oct 17;55(21):8404-10 -
"These results suggest that o-coumaric acid and
rutin targeted for adipocyte functions could be effective in improving the
symptoms of metabolic syndrome"
-
Flavonoids and the risk of renal cell carcinoma - Cancer Epidemiol
Biomarkers Prev. 2007 Jan;16(1):98-101 - "After
adjustment for major recognized confounding factors and total energy intake,
the odds ratios for subjects in the highest versus the lowest quintile of
intake were 0.80 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.58-1.11] for total
flavonoids, 0.76 (95% CI, 0.56-1.03) for isoflavones, 0.94 (95% CI,
0.60-1.47) for anthocyanidins, 0.77 (95% CI, 0.56-1.06) for flavan-3-ols,
0.90 (95% CI, 0.67-1.21) for flavanones, 0.68 (95% CI, 0.50-0.93) for
flavones, and 0.69 (95% CI, 0.50-0.95) for flavonols"
-
Flavonoids and laryngeal cancer risk in Italy - Ann Oncol. 2007 Mar 19 -
"Significant inverse relations were found for the
highest versus the lowest quintile of intake for flavan-3-ols (OR = 0.64),
flavanones (OR = 0.60), flavonols (OR = 0.32) and total flavonoids (OR =
0.60)"
-
Treatment of metastatic melanoma B16F10 by the flavonoids tangeretin, rutin,
and diosmin - J Agric Food Chem. 2005 Aug 24;53(17):6791-7 -
"The greatest reduction in the number of metastatic
nodules (52%) was obtained with diosmin"
-
Flavonoid-rich dark chocolate improves endothelial function and increases
plasma epicatechin concentrations in healthy adults - J Am Coll Nutr.
2004 Jun;23(3):197-204 - "Flavonoid-rich dark
chocolate improves endothelial function"
-
Grape juice, but not orange juice or grapefruit juice, inhibits human
platelet aggregation - J Nutr. 2000 Jan;130(1):53-6
-
Inhibition of aromatase activity by flavonoids - Arch Pharm Res. 1999
Jun;22(3):309-12
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