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NSAIDS

Where to purchase:

• ibuprofen at Amazon.com

Popular Supplements:

• enzymes / Wobenzyme / turmeric / resveratrol / boswellia / feverfew

Alternative Anti-inflammatories:

• Kaempferol prevents acetaminophen-induced liver injury by suppressing hepatocyte ferroptosis via Nrf2 pathway activation - Food Funct 2023 Jan 26 - "Acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury (AILI) has become a growing public health problem. Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of cell death associated with lipid peroxide accumulation, has been recently implicated in AILI. The activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway is a potential therapy for AILI. Kaempferol (KA), a flavonoid widely existing in edible plants, has been reported to exert profound anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities ... KA reversed the APAP-induced decrease in cell viability and GSH levels and inhibited the accumulation of intracellular ROS. Furthermore, KA activated the Nrf2 pathway and upregulated Gpx4 in mouse livers and L02 cells to inhibit ferroptosis induced by APAP. Finally, molecular docking indicated the potential interaction of KA with Keap1. Taken together, KA ameliorated oxidative stress and ferroptosis-mediated AILI by activating Nrf2 signaling" - See Kaempferia parviflora at Amazon.com.
• Idiopathic myalgic pain (fibromyalgia): supportive management and prevention with Pycnogenol® - Panminerva Med 2021 Mar;63(1):46-50 - "standard management (SM) ... A SM and a Pycnogenol®+SM group were formed. Pycnogenol® supplementation was used at the dose of 150 mg/day (4 weeks) ... The percentage of patients using NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) as rescue medications in the observation period was significantly higher in the SM management group (P<0.05) in comparison with the supplement group. The percentage of patients using corticosteroids as rescue medication was significantly higher in the SM group (P<0.05). The percentage of subjects with the symptoms/complaints decreased significantly, considering each symptom, with Pycnogenol® after 4 weeks in comparison with the SM (P<0.05) ... Conclusions: Pycnogenol® supplementation appears to control and reduce the intensity of common symptoms and complaints - especially pain-related - associated with FM. Pycnogenol® could be a 'soft', safe supplementation and prevention method to manage the symptoms of most of these patients, even for longer periods, reducing the need for drugs" - [Nutra USA] - See Pycnogenol at Amazon.com.
• More support for vitamin D’s colorectal protection - Nutra USA, 8/12/10 - "In people using NSAIDs, the potential risk reduction of higher vitamin D levels was increased to 66 per cent" - [Abstract] - See vitamin D at Amazon.com.
• Blood 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 Concentrations and Incident Sporadic Colorectal Adenoma Risk: A Pooled Case-Control Study - Am J Epidemiol. 2010 Jul 22 - "In the pooled analysis, higher circulating 25(OH)D(3) concentrations were statistically significantly associated with decreased colorectal adenoma risk (highest vs. lowest quartile odds ratio = 0.59, 95% confidence interval: 0.41, 0.84). The observed inverse association was stronger among participants who used nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs regularly (highest vs. lowest quartile odds ratio = 0.33, 95% confidence interval: 0.19, 0.56). Inverse associations between 25(OH)D(3) and colorectal adenoma did not differ substantially by other risk factors or by adenoma characteristics. These findings support the hypothesis that greater vitamin D exposure may reduce the risk of colorectal adenoma and suggest that it may do so more strongly in combination with antiinflammatory agents" - See vitamin D at Amazon.com.
• Cod liver oil (n-3 fatty acids) as an non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug sparing agent in rheumatoid arthritis - Rheumatology (Oxford). 2008 Mar 24 - "Out of 49 patients 19 (39%) in the cod liver oil group and out of 48 patients 5 (10%) in the placebo group were able to reduce their daily NSAID requirement by >30% ... This study suggests that cod liver oil supplements containing n-3 fatty acids can be used as NSAID-sparing agents in RA patients" - See cod liver oil at Amazon.com and Mega Twin EPA at Amazon.com.
• Before A CT Scan Or Angiogram, Many People Should Take Inexpensive Drug To Protect Kidneys - Science Daily, 2/18/08 - "The inexpensive drug, called N-acetylcysteine, can prevent serious kidney damage that can be caused by the iodine-containing "dyes" that doctors use to enhance the quality of such scans ... N-acetylcysteine is already widely used to clear mucus in cystic fibrosis patients, and to treat overdoses of acetaminophen" - See n-acetyl cysteine at Amazon.com.
• Short-Course N-Acetylcysteine Effective for Acetaminophen Overdose - Medscape, 10/4/07 - "A shortened course of as few as six oral doses of N-acetylcysteine appears to be an effective treatment for certain patients with acute acetaminophen poisoning" - See n-acetyl cysteine at Amazon.com.
• A Safer Alternative to NSAIDs? - Physician's Weekly, 7/3/06 - "omega-3 essential fatty acid (EFA) may be as effective as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in relieving neck and lower back pain without the risk of harmful complications"
• Patients Seek Natural Alternatives to NSAIDs - Clinical Psychiatry News, 7/05 - "In a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 21 patients who took 240 mg of salicin over a 2-week period, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) pain scores were reduced 40%, compared with a 16% reduction among those on placebo. At 2 weeks, the analgesic effect from willow bark was assessed to be about 40% of that from high-dose NSAIDs" - See iHerb willow bark products.
• Glucosamine Ups Ibuprofen's Pain Relief - WebMD, 1/9/04 - "While the NSAID administered alone had pain-relieving effects, glucosamine administered alone produced no pain-relieving effect ... But when glucosamine was combined with an NSAID, pain relief was more pronounced" - See ibuprofen at Amazon.com and iHerb glucosamine products.
• Drug therapy of activated arthrosis. On the effectiveness of an enzyme mixture versus diclofenac - Wien Med Wochenschr. 1996;146(3):55-8 (I thought this study was interesting because it showed that Wobenzym® was as effective as diclofenac.  In another study, diclofenac was show to be as effective as Vioxx.  That said, it would make sense that Wobenzym should be as effective as Vioxx.)

Other News:

• Is Acetaminophen Really Safer Than NSAIDs in Heart Disease? - Medscape, 9/15/22 - "The analysis found a significant correlation between the use of acetaminophen and elevated systolic blood pressure ... acetaminophen (3-4 g/day) vs placebo ... They found that patients receiving acetaminophen had significantly higher systolic blood pressure compared with those receiving placebo (standard mean difference [SMD] = 0.35"
• Role of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) in the Association between Osteoarthritis and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Longitudinal Study - Arthritis Rheumatol. 2019 Aug 6 - "Findings of this first study to evaluate NSAID's mediating role in OA-CVD relationship suggest that NSAID use substantially contributes to the OA-CVD association"
• Acetaminophen May Blunt Empathy - Medscape, 4/17/19 - "They found that relative to placebo, acetaminophen reduced personal pleasure and empathetic feelings (personal pleasure: F [1110] = 12.38; P < .001; η p 2 = 0.101; empathetic feelings: F[1110] = 11.67; P < .001 η p 2 = 0.096) ... In contrast, relative to placebo, acetaminophen did not significantly reduce perceived positivity or perceived pleasure (perceived positivity: F [1110] = 2.44; P= .121; η p 2 = 0.022; perceived pleasure: F[1,110] = 2.74; P = .101; η p 2 = 0.024)"
• Acetaminophen significantly reduced in-hospital delirium - Science Daily, 2/19/19 - "Patients treated with acetaminophen demonstrated a significant reduction in in-hospital delirium. Only 10 percent of the group given acetaminophen experienced signs of delirium, compared to 28 percent of those given placebo. Moreover, those given acetaminophen also were more likely to have shorter stays in the intensive care unit, less breakthrough pain. Those patients who did experience delirium had shorter bouts of the acute confusion"
• Ibuprofen, acetaminophen more effective than opioids in treating dental pain - Science Daily, 4/17/18 - "The research found that, for adults, a combination of 400 milligrams of ibuprofen and 1,000 milligrams of acetaminophen was superior to any opioid-containing medications studied"
• Neuroscientists say daily ibuprofen can prevent Alzheimer's disease - Science Daily, 3/26/18 - "A Vancouver-based research team led by Canada's most cited neuroscientist, Dr. Patrick McGeer, has successfully carried out studies suggesting that, if started early enough, a daily regimen of the non-prescription NSAID (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug) ibuprofen can prevent the onset of Alzheimer's disease"
• For Arthritis Pain, Tylenol Works as Well as Opioids - NYT, 3/7/18 - "At the end of 12 months, the opioid group scored an average 3.4 on the function scale, and the nonopioid group 3.3, an insignificant difference. On the pain scale, the nonopioid group did slightly better — 3.5, compared with 4.0 for the opioid group ... Unsurprisingly, there were significantly more medication-related symptoms in the opioid group than in those who took Tylenol or NSAIDs, but there was no difference between the groups in adverse outcomes"
• Acetaminophen Use Alters Sex Hormones, May Cause Birth Defects? - Medscape, 2/19/18 - "Acetaminophen (paracetamol) use has been linked with a depletion of sulfated sex hormones in a large metabolomic study, and the findings suggest that fetal exposure to the drug could even be linked with risk of male urogenital malformation at birth ... The surprising thing that we observed in people who were taking acetaminophen (paracetamol) was that all of them had a peculiar profile in hormone metabolites ... For example, the effect of taking acetaminophen on pregnen-diol disulfate was roughly equivalent to the effect of 35 years of aging, or the normal decrease in levels seen in menopause ... The study also sheds light on how acetaminophen may ease pain ... "Individuals who took acetaminophen," they note, "had very low levels of neurosteroids such as pregnenolone sulfate and DHEAS [dehydroepiandrosterone], a mechanism that could synergize with acetaminophen's known mode of action in the central nervous system that implicates the COX [cyclooxygenase], vanilloid, and endocannabinoid systems.""
• Common pain reliever use during pregnancy linked to language delay in girls - Science Daily, 1/10/18 - "researchers from the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai found an elevated rate of language delay in girls at 30 months old born to mothers who used acetaminophen during pregnancy, but not in boys ... those who took acetaminophen more than six times in early pregnancy -- were nearly six times more likely to have language delay than girls born to mothers who did not take acetaminophen. These results are consistent with studies reporting decreased IQ and increased communication problems in children born to mothers who used more acetaminophen during pregnancy"
• Regular and Low-dose Aspirin, Other Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Medications and Prospective Risk of HER2-defined Breast Cancer - Medscape, 12/14/17 - "Developing breast cancer was associated inversely with taking three or more tablets of low-dose aspirin per week (23% of participants). Among women reporting this exposure, the HRR was 0.84 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.72–0.98) compared to those not taking NSAIDs and this was particularly evident in women with the hormone receptor-positive/HER2-negative subtype (HRR = 0.80, 95% CI 0.66–0.96). Use of three or more tablets of "other" NSAIDs was marginally associated with lower risk of breast cancer (HRR = 0.79, 95% CI 0.62–1.00). Other associations with NSAIDs were generally null"
• Subacute ibuprofen treatment rescues the synaptic and cognitive deficits in advanced-aged mice - Neurobiol Aging. 2017 Feb 9;53:112-121 - "Aging is accompanied by increased neuroinflammation, synaptic dysfunction, and cognitive deficits both in rodents and humans, yet the onset and progression of these deficits throughout the life span remain unknown ... Here, we defined age-dependent and progressive impairments of synaptic and cognitive functions and showed that reducing astrocyte-related neuroinflammation through anti-inflammatory drug treatment in aged mice reverses these events ... When the mice were tested on hidden platform water maze, spatial learning memory was significantly impaired after 24 months of age. Importantly, subacute treatment with the anti-inflammatory drug ibuprofen suppressed astrocyte activation and restored synaptic plasticity and memory function in advanced-aged mice. These results support the critical contribution of aging-related inflammatory responses to hippocampal-dependent cognitive function and synaptic plasticity, in particular during advanced aging. Our findings provide strong evidence that suppression of neuroinflammation could be a promising treatment strategy to preserve cognition during aging" - See ibuprofen at Amazon.com.
• This popular painkiller also kills kindness - Washington Post, 5/12/16 - "Acetaminophen, the most common drug ingredient in the United States, can reduce a person's capacity to empathize with another person's pain, whether that pain is physical or emotional"
• Acetaminophen in pregnancy may lower testosterone in unborn boys - Science Daily, 5/20/15 - "Testosterone, produced in the testicles, is crucial for life-long male health. Reduced exposure to the hormone in the womb has been linked to an increased risk of infertility, testicular cancer and undescended testicles ... Scientists gave the mice a typical daily dose of paracetamol -- over a period of either 24 hours or seven days ... After seven days of exposure, however, the amount of testosterone was reduced by 45 per cent"
• Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the risk of head and neck cancer: A case-control analysis - Int J Cancer. 2015 May 13 - "Aspirin or NSAID use overall did not significantly change the HNC risk. However, patients with six or more prescriptions for ibuprofen were at a statistically significantly reduced risk for HNC (adjusted OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.37-0.94)"
• Study: Acetaminophen reduces not only pain but pleasure - CNN.com, 4/15/15 - "acetaminophen, the main ingredient in Tylenol, most forms of Midol and more than 600 other medicines, reduces not only pain but pleasure, as well"
• Association of Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs with Colorectal Cancer by Subgroups in the VITamins And Lifestyle (VITAL) Study - Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2015 Jan 22 - "In stratified analysis, high use of any type of NSAIDs (4+days/week for 4+ years) was statistically significantly associated with a lower risk of CRC across all subgroups stratified by sex, BMI, physical activity, smoking, alcohol intake, screening and dietary factors. There was a suggestion of stronger associations among men, obese individuals, and heavier drinkers; however, none of these tests for interaction reached statistical significance. The associations were almost identical for subjects with higher overall CRC risk scores (HR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.49-0.79) and those with lower risk scores (HR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.42-0.88)"
• Ibuprofen Extends Life In Lab Species, Study Finds (Humans, Too?) - NBC News.com, 12/18/14 - "The ibuprofen administered to test subjects was comparable to recommended amounts for humans ... The treatments gave the organisms roughly 15 percent more life — equal to about 12 human years" - [Abstract] - See ibuprofen at Amazon.com.
• Anti-inflammatories May Help Ease Depression - Medscape, 10/21/14 - "Results of a meta-analysis show that the adjunctive use of NSAIDs was associated with improved antidepressant treatment response without an increased risk for adverse effects. In particular, add-on treatment with celecoxib (Celebrex, GD Searle LLC) improved antidepressant effects, remission, and response"
• Ibuprofen no good in treating colds or sore throats - Science Daily, 11/4/13 - "compared with paracetamol, ibuprofen or a combination of both ibuprofen and paracetamol provide no advantage for patients overall with respiratory tract infections (otherwise known as colds or sore throats) ... steam inhalation, another common treatment method, has no clear benefit and around 2 per cent of people get mild scalding but not bad enough to see a doctor ... The research also showed that patients were more likely to come back within a month with worsening symptoms or new symptoms if they were prescribed with ibuprofen or ibuprofen with paracetamol"
• High prevalence of NSAID prescription in those at risk of heart attack/death in primary care - Science Daily, 6/14/13 - "These data demonstrate an immediate increase in the risk of death and MI, challenging the safety of even short term use"
• NSAID use linked to reduced hepatocellular carcinoma risk and mortality due to chronic liver disease - Science Daily, 11/28/12 - "Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common type of primary liver cancer, occurs mainly among patients with CLD ... performed an observational study of 300,504 men and women aged 50 to 71 years enrolled in the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study who reported their aspirin and nonaspirin NSAID use and were followed-up for 10-12 years ... Study participants who used aspirin had a 41% reduced risk of HCC and a 45% reduced risk of death from CLD, whereas those who used non-aspirin NSAIDs experienced a 26% reduced risk of CLD mortality but no reduced risk of HCC"
• Popular pain-relieving medicines linked to hearing loss in women - Science Daily, 9/12/12 - "women who took ibuprofen or acetaminophen two or more days per week had an increased risk of hearing loss. The more often a woman took either of these medications, the higher her risk for hearing loss. Also, the link between these medicines and hearing loss tended to be greater in women younger than 50 years old, especially for those who took ibuprofen six or more days per week ... Compared with women who used acetaminophen less than once per week, women who used acetaminophen 2 to 3 days per week had an 11 percent increased risk for hearing loss, while women taking the medicine 4 to 5 days per week had a 21 percent increased risk ... Possible mechanisms might be that NSAIDs may reduce blood flow to the cochlea -- the hearing organ -- and impair its function ... Acetaminophen may deplete factors that protect the cochlea from damage"
• Long-Term Cardiovascular Risk of NSAID Use According to Time Passed After First-Time Myocardial Infarction: A Nationwide Cohort Study - Circulation. 2012 Sep 10 - "We identified patients aged 30 years or older admitted with first-time MI in 1997-2009 and subsequent NSAID use by individual-level linkage of nationwide registries of hospitalization and drug dispensing from pharmacies in Denmark. We calculated the incidence rates of death and a composite endpoint of coronary death or nonfatal recurrent MIs associated with NSAID use in 1-year time intervals up to 5 years after inclusion and analyzed risk by using multivariable adjusted time-dependent Cox proportional-hazard models ... Relative to non-current treatment with NSAIDs, the use of any NSAID in the years following MI was persistently associated with an increased risk of death (hazard ratio (HR) 1.59 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.49-1.69) after 1 year and HR 1.63 (CI 1.52-1.74) after 5 years) and coronary death or nonfatal recurrent MI (HR 1.30 (CI 1.22-1.39) and HR 1.41 (CI 1.28-1.55)"
• Analgesics use associated with increased risk for renal cell carcinoma - Science Daily, 10/24/11 - "conducted a Medline database search for case-control or cohort studies on acetaminophen, aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), published between 1966 and July 1, 2011...any use of acetaminophen was associated with a 33 percent increased risk for RCC, and use of other NSAIDs was linked with a 26 percent increased risk. No significantly increased risk for RCC was found with the use of aspirin"
• Anti-inflammatory drugs taken in early pregnancy more than double risk of miscarriage, study finds - Science Daily, 9/6/11 - "The risk of miscarriage is 2.4 times greater for women who took any type and dosage of nonaspirin nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in early pregnancy"
• Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Linked to Increased Risk of Erectile Dysfunction - Science Daily, 3/2/11 - "After controlling for age, race, ethnicity, smoking status, diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, high cholesterol and body mass index, the researchers found that ED was 1.4 times more likely -- a modest risk -- among regular NSAID users compared to men who did not take the drugs regularly. This association was consistent across all age groups"
• Common painkillers linked to increased risk of heart problems - Science Daily, 1/11/11 - "the absolute risk of cardiovascular problems among people taking painkillers was low, but the researchers did find that, relative to placebo, the drugs carried important risks ... rofecoxib and lumiracoxib were associated with twice the risk of heart attack, while ibuprofen was associated with more than three times the risk of stroke. Etoricoxib and diclofenac were associated with the highest (around four times) risk of cardiovascular death ... Naproxen appeared least harmful in terms of cardiovascular safety among the seven analysed preparations" - See the long version at http://www.bmj.com/content/342/bmj.c7086.full.
• NSAIDs cause stem cells to self-destruct, preventing colon cancer, study finds - Science Daily, 11/1/10
• Acetaminophen Increases Blood Pressure in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease - Circulation. 2010 Oct 18 - "Treatment with acetaminophen resulted in a significant increase in mean systolic (from 122.4+/-11.9 to 125.3+/-12.0 mm Hg P=0.02 versus placebo) and diastolic (from 73.2+/-6.9 to 75.4+/-7.9 mm Hg P=0.02 versus placebo) ambulatory blood pressures. On the other hand, heart rate, endothelial function, early endothelial progenitor cells, and platelet function did not change"
• Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Prostate Cancer Risk in the VITamins And Lifestyle (VITAL) Cohort - Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2010 Oct 8 - "NSAID use was not associated with prostate cancer risk in the VITAL cohort.Impact: Our findings do not support the use of NSAIDs for chemoprevention of prostate cancer"
• Even very low dose of regular aspirin wards off bowel cancer, study finds - Science Daily, 9/15/10 - "After a year, taking daily low dose aspirin was associated with a 22% reduced risk of developing bowel cancer, and the magnitude of the reduction in risk was cumulative, rising to 30% after five years ... taking NSAIDs of any kind did not influence the risk of death from any cause nor did it increase bowel cancer survival"
• NSAID use associated with future stroke in healthy population - theheart.org, 9/8/10 - "NSAID use was associated with an increased risk of stroke. This increased risk ranged from about 30% with ibuprofen and naproxen to 86% with diclofenac ... there was also a dose-relationship found, with the increased risk of stroke reaching 90% (HR 1.90) with doses of ibuprofen over 200 mg and 100% (HR 2.0) with diclofenac doses over 100 mg. He pointed out that the results were particularly striking, given that this study was conducted in healthy individuals"
• Slow-release NSAIDs pose greater risk of GI bleeding - Science Daily, 5/26/10
• Regular analgesic use increases hearing loss in men, study finds - Science Daily, 3/1/10 - "For aspirin, regular users under 50 and those aged 50-59 years were 33% more likely to have hearing loss than were nonregular users, but there was no association among men aged 60 years and older. For NSAIDs, regular users aged under 50 were 61% more likely, those aged 50-59 were 32% more likely, and those aged 60 and older were 16% more likely to develop hearing loss than nonregular users of NSAIDs. For acetaminophen, regular users aged under 50 were 99% more likely, regular users aged 50-59 were 38% more likely, and those aged 60 and older were 16% more likely to have hearing loss than nonregular users of acetaminophen"
• Ibuprofen May Reduce Risk of Parkinson's - WebMD, 2/17/10 - "the pain reliever was the only one in the popular class of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) studied that had any effect on risk of Parkinson's disease ... users of ibuprofen were nearly 40% less likely to develop Parkinson's disease than those who didn't take ibuprofen"
• Could acetaminophen ease psychological pain? - Science Daily, 12/22/09 - "These results indicate that acetaminophen use may decrease self-reported social pain over time, by impacting emotions linked to hurt feelings" - Note: Keep in mind that too much acetaminophen can cause permanent liver damage.  Some people take Tylenol which is acetaminophen and top that off with several cold medications that they didn't know also contained acetaminophen.
• NSAIDs Prevent Early Sign Of Alzheimer Disease In Mice Science Daily, 11/12/09 - "If taking nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen or naproxen is to protect you from developing Alzheimer disease then you will have to start taking them at a very early age according to research in a mouse model of the disease"
• NSAIDs Prevent Early Sign Of Alzheimer Disease In Mice - Science Daily, 11/9/09
• Increased Mortality and Cardiovascular Morbidity Associated With Use of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs in Chronic Heart Failure - Arch Intern Med. 2009 Jan 26;169(2):141-9 - "The hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) for death was 1.70 (1.58-1.82), 1.75 (1.63-1.88), 1.31 (1.25-1.37), 2.08 (1.95-2.21), 1.22 (1.07-1.39), and 1.28 (1.21-1.35) for rofecoxib, celecoxib, ibuprofen, diclofenac, naproxen, and other NSAIDs, respectively. Furthermore, there was a dose-dependent increase in risk of death and increased risk of hospitalization because of myocardial infarction and HF. Propensity-based risk-stratified analysis and case-crossover models yielded similar results"
• NSAIDs May Cut Prostate Cancer Markers - WebMD, 9/8/08 - "Men who reported using NSAIDs nearly every day had PSA levels that were about 10% lower than men who reported no current NSAID use"
• Ibuprofen May Cut Alzheimer's Risk - WebMD, 5/5/08 - "Use of ibuprofen pain relievers like Advil and Motrin for more than five years reduced Alzheimer's risk by 44% in a study reported in the May issue of Neurology"
• Ibuprofen, Acetaminophen Help Build Muscle in Older Resistance Trainers - Medscape, 4/10/08 - "We used 1200 milligrams a day for ibuprofen and 4000 milligrams per day of acetaminophen, which is the maximum over-the-counter daily dose ... Muscle volume increased 11% in the ibuprofen group and 13% in the acetaminophen group, compared with 9% in the placebo. Muscle strength increased 30% in the ibuprofen group and 28% in the acetaminophen, compared with 23% in the placebo group"
• Statins, NSAIDs vs. Prostate Cancer - WebMD, 2/18/08 - "Men with prostate cancer who take cholesterol-lowering statin drugs or anti-inflammatory drugs live longer than those who don't take the drugs ... men who reported ever taking statins were 41% to 65% less likely to die during the course of the study than men who didn't. Men who took NSAIDs were 53% to 61% less likely to die than those who didn't"
• High-dose NSAIDs May Prevent Colon Cancer - oncologystat.com. 2/5/08 - "people who took more than 2325 mg of aspirin weekly reduced colon cancer risk by 21%, compared to people who took less aspirin. Men who took 7 to 14 aspirins a week had a 28% decreased risk, and those who took more than 14 aspirins weekly had a 70% decrease in their risk of developing the disease. The advantages were only seen after 5 years of use, and taking less than 1½ pills weekly did not reduce the risk of developing the disease. The effect was also seen with the use of other NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen and naproxen"
• Ibuprofen May Aid Cystic Fibrosis Lungs - WebMD, 11/30/07
• Over-the-counter Pain Medications May Reduce Risk Of Parkinson's Disease - Science Daily, 11/5/07 - "regular users of non-aspirin NSAIDs reduced their risk of Parkinson's disease by as much as 60 percent compared to non-regular users and non-users. Women who were regular users of aspirin reduced their risk of Parkinson's disease by 40 percent, especially among those who regularly used aspirin for more than two years"
• Breast Cancer Risk May Decrease With Increasing Duration of NSAID Use -  Medscape, 10/1/07 - "Use of NSAIDs was associated with a lower risk for breast cancer (odds ratio [OR], 0.76"
• Why Do Common Anti-inflammatory Drugs Harm Intestines? - Science Daily, 6/21/07
• Can Aspirin Help Keep Cancer At Bay? - Science Daily, 4/16/07 - "those who said they regularly used aspirin had a 16 percent reduced risk of developing cancer more than a decade later, as well as a 13 percent reduced risk of dying from cancer over this same time period, compared to women who did not use aspirin. But there was no statistically significant impact on cancer incidence or mortality among women who used non-aspirin NSAIDs"
• A New Way to Prevent BPH? - Physician's Weekly, 10/16/06 - "NSAID use was inversely associated with the onset of moderate-to-severe urinary symptoms, low maximum flow rate, and elevated prostate-specific antigen levels"
• Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Use Associated With Higher Gastrointestinal Complications - Doctor's Guide, 9/21/06
• NSAID Use May Prevent or Delay Development of Benign Prostate Hyperplasia - Medscape, 9/6/06 - "NSAIDs reduced the incidence rates of moderate-severe urinary symptoms (HR, 0.73), low maximum urinary flow rate (HR, 0 .51), increased prostate volume (HR, 0.53), elevated serum PSA level (HR, 0.52), and treatment of BPH (HR, 0.79)"
• New Pain Pills: Not Easier to Stomach? - WebMD, 12/1/05 - "patients taking Cox-2 inhibitors had no fewer stomach bleeds or ulcers than those taking traditional NSAIDs"
• Long-Term NSAIDs May Not Be Useful for Osteoarthritis - Medscape, 11/329/05 - "Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) offer only a small, short-term benefit that may not be clinically significant for people with knee osteoarthritis"
• Increasing Role of Acetaminophen in Acute Liver Failure in United States - Doctor's Guide, 11/29/05 - "Acetaminophen poisoning has become the most common cause of acute liver failure in the United States"
• NSAIDs Ups Risk of Dying After a Myocardial Infarction - Doctor's Guide, 11/22/05
• Vitamin D, NSAIDS Provide Double Whammy Against Prostate Cancer, Stanford Study Finds - Science Daily, 9/1/05 - "The growth of prostate cancer cells can be halted by combining a form of vitamin D, available only by prescription, with low doses of an over-the-counter painkiller ... The combination reduced prostate cancer cell growth in a laboratory dish by up to 70 percent, according to the findings"
• Common Pain Drugs Up High Blood Pressure Risk - WebMD, 8/15/05 - "Women who take a lot of acetaminophen (Tylenol) have nearly twice the risk of high blood pressure as those who don't use the drug"
• Aspirin May Cut Prostate Cancer Risk - WebMD, 7/5/05 - "Those who had taken aspirin regularly for a long time were 15% less likely to be diagnosed with prostate cancer. Other anti-inflammatory drugs were associated with an 18% lower risk of prostate cancer"
• Long-Term Use of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs May Cause Severe Intestinal Damage - Doctor's Guide, 1/3/05 - "chronic users of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have an increased risk of bleeding and visible damage to their small intestine"
• What’s a consumer to do for pain relief? - MSNBC, 12/21/04
• Aleve Linked to Heart Attack, Stroke - WebMD, 12/21/04 - "patients taking Aleve had 50% more heart attacks and strokes"
• Aspirin May Delay Prostate Cancer, Extend Life - WebMD, 10/4/04 - "more than nine in 10 men who took aspirin or another NSAID were alive 10 years later compared with fewer than seven in 10 men who didn't take the painkillers ... evidence is mounting that prostate cancer may develop in areas with chronic inflammation"
• Painkillers Cut Aspirin's Heart Benefit - WebMD, 8/25/03 - "half took 325 mg aspirin on alternate days; half took a placebo ... The aspirin group had 44% fewer heart attacks than the placebo group -- 139 heart attacks in the aspirin group; 239 in the placebo group ... Those who regularly took ibuprofen and other common anti-inflammatory drugs did not get that protective effect" - See aspirin at Amazon.com.
• Study Supports Potential of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs to Protect Against Alzheimer's - Doctor's Guide, 7/22/03 - "The pooled combined data from the cohort and case-control studies showed a relative risk of Alzheimer's disease was 0.72 among NSAID users ... The analysis specific to aspirin users included eight studies that showed a pooled relative risk of 0.87 for developing Alzheimer's disease"
• NSAID Use Linked to Lower Rates of Breast Cancer - Doctor's Guide, 7/15/03 - "Ten years or more of ibuprofen use reduced a patient's risk nearly in half (RR=0.51, P<0.04), and just 1 to 4 years of regular use was associated with a 29% reduction in risk. The effect of acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin) was weaker, with 10 years of use of full-strength Aspirin associated with a 21% risk reduction that did not achieve significance ... Neither acetaminophen nor low-dose Aspirin was associated with a reduction in breast-cancer risk ... he found the evidence of a chemoprotective effect compelling enough to treat himself with 200 mg of ibuprofen per day" - See ibuprofen at Amazon.com.
• NSAIDs No Help as Alzheimer's Treatment - WebMD, 6/3/03 - "Aisen's team tested the two drugs in 351 patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease. They looked for signs that the drugs might slow mental decline or improve quality of life ... There was "no consistent benefit of either treatment,""
• NSAIDs May Protect Against Alzheimer's - Clinical Psychiatry News, 6/03 - "Long-term use of NSAIDs—24 months or longer—was associated with a significant protective effect"
• NSAIDs Cause Ulcers and Bleeding in Small Intestine - Doctor's Guide, 5/21/03 - "Research using video capsule endoscopy (VCE) shows small intestinal ulcerations, lesions, and bleeding related to the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) occur 40% more often than previously thought"
• More Migraine Relief Seen with Over-the-Counter Combination than with Sumatriptan - Doctor's Guide, 4/4/03 - "Patients are more likely to get relief from a migraine episode if they use an over-the-counter (OTC) treatment that combines acetaminophen, aspirin, and caffeine at the first sign of an attack than if they use 50 mg of sumatriptan (Imitrex) ... Among the OTC subjects, 87% had responded to treatment at 2 hours, compared to 75% of sumatriptan subjects (P=0.045). The differences seen 24 hours after treatment showed that 66% of the OTC subjects had sustained relief, compared to 49% of the sumatriptan group" - See drugstore.com acetaminophen products.
• Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Appear To Protect Against Alzheimer's - Doctor's Guide, 4/1/03 - "compared with non-users, people who took any type of NSAID were 28% less likely to develop Alzheimer's, which was statistically significant. But, among aspirin-only users, the risk of Alzheimer's was cut by 13%, which was not significant" - See ibuprofen at Amazon.com and aspirin at Amazon.com.
• NSAIDS May Help in Alzheimer's Prevention - WebMD, 4/1/03 - "For those using aspirin, the reduction in risk was 13%, a finding that was not considered significant ... Those on an NSAID for one to 23 months had a risk reduction of 17%, and those termed long-term users, beyond 23 months, reduced the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease by 73%" - See ibuprofen at Amazon.com and aspirin at Amazon.com.
• NSAIDs May Reduce Lung Cancer Risk - Medscape, 3/18/03 - "using NSAIDs at least three times weekly for at least one year decreased risk of lung carcinoma by 32%, regardless of histology ... Aspirin had similar smoking-specific risk estimates to those for all NSAIDs, but the association of reduced lung cancer risk was found only in men and not in women ... Although it is unclear why the protective effect of NSAIDs was limited to smokers, the authors suggest that smoking might induce cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression. Cigarette tar extracts increase COX activity in rat lung cells, and COX-2 activity is higher in lung cancer tissue of smokers than in nonsmokers" - [WebMD] - See ibuprofen at Amazon.com and aspirin at Amazon.com.
• NSAID Use Linked to Lower Incidence of Alzheimer's - Clinical Psychiatry News, 1/03 - "The largest reduction in risk was among former users of NSAIDs or aspirin who had taken the medications for 2 years or more. The incidence of Alzheimer's disease in that group was 29% of the rate seen in nonusers"
• SSRIs May Increase Risk of Gastrointestinal Bleeding - Medscape, 1/17/03 - "Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are associated with an increased risk of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, especially when combined with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)" - Examples of SSRIs are Prozac, Paxil and Zoloft.
• Pain Reliever [Acetaminophen] Top Liver Failure Cause - WebMD, 12/16/02 - "Although there is no medical data to suspect it poses danger at recommended amounts, the active ingredient in Tylenol is so toxic at high doses that a new study indicates that acetaminophen overdose has become the leading cause of sudden liver failure"
• Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatories, Acetaminophen Associated With Increased Risk For Hypertension Among Women - Doctor's Guide, 11/19/02 - "A substantial proportion of hypertension in women may be due to the use of acetaminophen and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) ... Compared with nonusers, the relative risk of hypertension for women taking NSAIDs at least 22 days a month was 1.86 while the relative risk for those taking acetaminophen at least 22 days a month was 2.00, they reported ... Use of NSAIDs and use of acetaminophen were significantly associated with increased risk of hypertension, but aspirin use was not"
• Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs May Protect Against Parkinson's Disease - Doctor's Guide, 11/14/02 - "Studies show that NSAIDs can reduce dopaminergic neuron degeneration in Parkinsonian animal models"
• Non Steroidal Anti-Inflammatories Decrease Risk Of Recurrent Myocardial Infarction In Patients Taking Aspirin - Doctor's Guide, 10/30/02 - "Patients taking aspirin who were also taking NSAIDs were significantly less likely to experience recurrent AMI than those who took only aspirin" - I've got that.  See $8.99 for 500 of 200 mg of ibuprofen. and $2.50 for 120 of the 81 mg aspirin.
• Pain Relievers May Have Pressure Link - Intelihealth, 10/28/02
• Anti-inflammatory Drugs May Require Two Years' Treatment to Prevent Colorectal Cancer - Doctor's Guide, 10/22/02 - "Taking aspirin or an NSAID for at least two years reduced the risk of colorectal cancer by 32 percent"
• Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug Use May Slow Breast Cancer Tumour Growth, Prevent Distant Metastasis - Doctor's Guide, 9/30/02 - "increasing NSAID use may retard the growth of breast tumours and may prevent distant metastasis"
• Pain Relievers May Prevent Alzheimer's - WebMD, 9/23/02 - "The study found people who took aspirin or other NSAIDs for more than two years before the study began were 45% less likely to develop Alzheimer's than those who didn't. And the longer the participants had taken the drugs, the more protected they were against the disease ... previous studies have suggested that aspirin and other NSAIDs might protect against Alzheimer's disease by reducing inflammation in the brain ... their findings show that the beneficial effects of NSAIDs in preventing Alzheimer's take a long time to accumulate and don't become apparent until years later"
• New Warning Labels for Acetaminophen - WebMD, 9/20/02 - "The warnings would urge consumers to take only the recommended doses because exceeding them could cause serious liver damage ... Another issue is that drugstore shelves are bursting with products that contain acetaminophen -- more than 200 of them. Each of these remedies is safe by itself. But people who take more than one product at a time may unknowingly get an overdose"
• Scientists Examine Long-Term Risks And Gains Of Painkillers - Intelihealth, 1/22/02 - "The studies reflect scientists' growing interest in the idea that a common condition, inflammation, may underlie many chronic and debilitating diseases - like Alzheimer's, heart disease, osteoporosis and diabetes - and that drugs that fight inflammation may have a role in preventing or delaying those diseases, or at least slowing them down ... Originally, the effect was attributed to aspirin's ability to prevent blood clots, which can cause heart attacks or strokes. But now, researchers think part of the protective effect may come from aspirin's ability to quell inflammation in the arteries, helping to prevent blockages"
• An Aspirin a Day to Keep Prostate Cancer Away? - WebMD, 6/7/01 - "A growing body of research has suggested that people who regularly take aspirin and other NSAIDs have a lower risk for cancers, including breast cancer and colon cancer. And though the definitive word is not in, new research presented at the annual meeting of the American Urological Association suggests that regular NSAID use can reduce the risk of prostate cancer too"
• Acetaminophen: Use as Directed, Health Officials Concerned About Accidental Overdoses - WebMD, 3/29/01 - "Lee's database now includes 300 cases of liver failure, of which he has linked about 38% to acetaminophen-related products"
• FDA Probes New Acetaminophen Worry - Intelihealth, 3/27/01 - "There are warnings not to take it if you consume more than three alcoholic drinks ... acetaminophen overdoses could be a bigger cause of liver failure than some prescription drugs recently banned for liver poisoning, such as the diabetes medicine Rezulin ... He tracked more than 300 acute liver failure cases at 22 hospitals and linked 38 percent to acetaminophen ... In a second database tracking 307 adults suffering severe liver injury - not full-fledged failure - at six hospitals, Lee linked acetaminophen to 35 percent of cases ... initial symptoms are flu-like and doctors may not promptly test for acetaminophen's hallmark sky-high liver enzymes"
• FDA probes danger of acetaminophen overdose - USA Today, 3/26/01
• Pain drugs linked to risk of lung defect - USA Today, 3/7/01 - "pregnant women who took aspirin, ibuprofen or naproxen, all non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or NSAIDs, were far more likely to deliver newborns with persistent pulmonary hypertension, or PPHN"