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Home > Anti-aging Research > L-Glutamine

L-Glutamine

Specific Recommendations:

News & Research:

  • Supplement May Ease Sickle Cell Pain - WebMD, 7/18/18 - "Endari, a medicine-grade version of the dietary supplement L-glutamine, reduced sickle cell patients' number of acute pain crises by 25 percent compared with a placebo ... In addition, the supplement reduced hospitalizations by one-third" - See l-glutamine at Amazon.com.
  • Glutamine Supplements Show Promise In Treating Stomach Ulcers - Science Daily, 5/15/09 - "the amino acid glutamine, found in many foods as well as in dietary supplements, may prove beneficial in offsetting gastric damage caused by H. pylori infection ... at six-weeks-post infection, the animals exhibited increased expression of three cytokines – interleukin 4, interleukin 10 and transforming growth factor-alpha mRNA. "These all play an important role in the stomach's ability to protect against damaging effects resulting from other responses to H. pylori infection ... Of even greater significance, by week 20, the study results showed that, among the H. pylori-infected animals, the mice that were fed the L-glutamine diet exhibited lower levels of inflammation than did the mice that received the standard control diet"
  • Glutamine Independently Reduces Hospital Stay - Doctor's Guide, 10/25/05 - "The nutrient glutamine, which is often administered as part of nutritional supplementation, on its own can reduce the length of hospital stay and maintains lean body mass after elective surgery"
  • Ask Dr. J - Dr. Janson, 4/02 - "L-glutamine is an amino acid that helps heal the lining of the entire digestive tract, so it is useful for inflammatory bowel disease as well as esophagitis"
  • Concepts and Controversies in Nutrition, Immune-Enhancing Formulas - Medscape, 3/21/02 - "Immune-enhancing formulas (IEFs), also known as immune-modulating formulas, include arginine, glutamine, nucleic acids, and omega-3 fatty acids"
  • Glutamine Helps Treat AIDS - Nutrition Science News, 9/00
  • 'Building Blocks of Life' Might Help Pump You Up - WebMD, 7/28/00 - "during exercise, one particular amino acid -- glutamine -- is depleted in the blood supply. Glutamine is involved in keeping the immune system healthy to ward off illness"
  • Immune-Enhancing Therapy Shortens Hospital Stays By Three Days - Doctor's Guide, 12/23/99 - "Our study shows that immunonutrition can make a significant contribution to reducing the number of infections and length of hospital stay in critically ill patients"
  • Essential Nutrients for Endurance Athletes - Nutrition Science News, 5/99 - "In the seven days following the exercise, 81 percent of the glutamine-supplemented group were infection-free compared to 49 percent in the placebo group."

Abstracts:

  • Preventive Effects of l-Glutamine on High-Fat Diet-Induced Metabolic Disorders Linking with Regulation of Intestinal Barrier Integrity, Hepatic Lipid Metabolism, and Gut Microbiota in Rats - J Agric Food Chem 2022 Sep 19 - "The results demonstrated that Gln administration reduced body weight, improved serum lipids, and decreased glucose tolerance in HFD-fed rats. Meanwhile, Gln administration alleviated liver injury, reduced the hepatic inflammatory response by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and decreased hepatic lipid accumulation by promoting VLDL secretion and fatty acid β-oxidation, as well as reduced bile acid synthesis by activating hepatic and ileal FXR in HFD-fed rats. Moreover, Gln administration restored HFD-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction, promoted intestinal fat absorption, suppressed intestinal inflammation, and also reshaped the gut microbiota composition in HFD-fed rats by downregulating the abundance of potential pathogens Escherichia-Shigella and upregulating the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Akkermansia. To conclude, the present results showed that Gln may be a potential option for preventing HFD-induced metabolic disorders via the gut-liver axis" - See l-glutamine at Amazon.com.
  • Glutamine prevents acute kidney injury by modulating oxidative stress and apoptosis in tubular epithelial cells - JCI Insight 2022 Sep 15 - "Acute kidney injury (AKI) represents a common complication in critically ill patients that is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. In a murine AKI model induced by ischemia-reperfusion-injury (IRI), we show that glutamine significantly decreases kidney damage and improves kidney function ... Glutamine administration attenuated kidney damage in vivo during AKI and TEC viability in vitro under inflammatory or hypoxic conditions"
  • Real-World data on efficacy of L-glutamine in preventing sickle cell disease-related complications in pediatric and adult patients - Front Med (Lausanne) 2022 Aug 1 - "L-glutamine has been shown to play an important role in the regulation of oxidative stress which is one of the key contributors to the pathophysiology of sickle cell disease (SCD). In a Phase 3 clinical trial, L-glutamine demonstrated a significant reduction in SCD-related complications including vaso-occlusive crises (VOCs), hospitalizations, and acute chest syndrome (ACS) compared to placebo in patients with SCD ... Compared to baseline, patients had significantly fewer pain crises (median change from 3.0 to 0.0; P < 0.00001), hospitalizations (median change from 3.0 to 0.0; P < 0.00001), days of hospitalization (median change from 15.0 to 0.0; P < 0.00001), and blood transfusions (median change from 3.0 to 0.0; P < 0.00001) at 24, 48, and 72 weeks following L-glutamine therapy. Moreover, there was a drastic decrease in the number of ACS events during this time. A significant increase was observed in mean hemoglobin levels and hematocrit proportions from baseline to 72 weeks (P < 0.001). Conversely, compared to baseline, mean reticulocyte counts and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were considerably lower at follow-up time points (P = 0.003 and P < 0.001, respectively). No patient reported treatment-related adverse events" - See L-glutamine at Amazon.com.
  • Glutamine-stimulated in vitro hypertrophy is preserved in muscle cells from older women - Mech Ageing Dev. 2020 Mar 3 - "Age-related loss of muscle mass may result from reduced protein synthesis stimulation in response to anabolic stimuli, such as amino acid (AA) supplementation. The exact etiology of anabolic resistance to AA remains unclear ... Altogether, our data support the idea that the intrinsic capacity of muscle cells to respond to glutamine stimulation is preserved in healthy older women"
  • Oral Supplementation of Glutamine Attenuates the Progression of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in C57BL/6J Mice - J Nutr. 2017 Nov;147(11):2041-2049 - "Universally accepted therapeutic strategies for the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are still lacking. Studies suggest a preventive effect of oral Gln supplementation on the development of NASH ... The liver histology scores significantly increased from 8 to 13 wk (+31%) in WSD-fed mice and were significantly higher than in controls (P ≤ 0.05 for both time comparisons), whereas scores did not differ between C diet-fed and WSD + Gln-fed mice after 13 wk of feeding" - [Nutra USA]
  • Is glutamine deficiency the link between inflammation, malnutrition, and fatigue in cancer patients? - Clin Nutr. 2015 Jan 10 - "The data support our working hypothesis that in cancer patients systemic inflammation maintains a catabolic situation leading to malnutrition symptoms and glutamine deprivation, the latter being associated with cancer related fatigue"
  • Effect of Glutamine Dipeptide Supplementation on Primary Outcomes for Elective Major Surgery: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis - Nutrients. 2015 Jan 9;7(1):481-499 - "GLN supplementation did not affect overall morbidity (RR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.51 to 1.36; p = 0.473) and infectious morbidity (RR = 0.64; 95% CI = 0.38 to 1.07; p = 0.087). Patients treated with glutamine had a significant reduction in length of hospital stay (WMD = -2.67; 95% CI = -3.83 to -1.50; p < 0.0001)" - Note:  I don't understand why they're saying that it had no affect on overall morbidity and infection morbidity with a relative risk of 0.84 and 0.64 respectively.  See glutamine at Amazon.com.
  • Glutamine supplementation favors weight loss in nondieting obese female patients. A pilot study - Eur J Clin Nutr. 2014 Sep 17 - "Glutamine supplementation improves insulin sensitivity in critically ill patients, and prevents obesity in animals fed a high-fat diet. We hypothesized that glutamine supplementation favors weight loss in humans. Obese and overweight female patients (n=6) were enrolled in a pilot, cross-over study ... patients were randomly assigned to 4-week supplementation with glutamine or isonitrogenous protein supplement (0.5 g/KgBW/day). During supplementation, patients did not change their dietary habits nor lifestyle ... Body weight and waist circumference significantly declined only after glutamine supplementation (85.0±10.4 Kg vs 82.2±10.1 Kg, and 102.7±2.0 cm vs 98.9±2.9 cm, respectively; P=0.01). Insulinemia and HOMA-IR declined by 20% after glutamine, but not significantly so"
  • Glutamine modifies immune responses of mice infected with porcine circovirus type 2 - Br J Nutr. 2013 Jan 28:1-8 - "Taken together, the present results suggest that dietary l-glutamine supplementation enhances immune function in PCV2-infected mice"
  • Glutamine in the ICU: Who needs supply? - Clin Nutr. 2012 Dec 14 - "Many ICU patients are glutamine depleted and have low glutamine plasma concentrations. Beneficial effects by glutamine supply could be proven in these patients. In some medical conditions, especially those with acute right heart failure, elevated glutamine plasma concentrations are present and glutamine supply may be disastrous and a toxic burden. It will be prudent to reassess the use of glutamine in ICU especially in conditions with unresolved shock or right heart failure"
  • Time to wound closure in trauma patients with disorders in wound healing is shortened by supplements containing antioxidant micronutrients and glutamine: A PRCT - Clin Nutr. 2012 Jan 25 - "20 trauma patients with disorders in wound healing were orally supplemented with antioxidant micronutrients (ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol, β-carotene, zinc, selenium) and glutamine (verum) or they received isoenergetic amounts of maltodextrine (placebo) for 14 days ... Wound closure occurred more rapidly in the verum than in the placebo group (35 +/- 22 vs. 70 +/- 35 d; P = 0.01)"
  • Glutamine in critical illness: the time has come, the time is now - Crit Care Clin. 2010 Jul;26(3):515-25 - "Glutamine (GLN) has been shown to be a key pharmaconutrient in the body's response to stress and injury. It exerts its protective effects via multiple mechanisms, including direct protection of cells and tissue from injury, attenuation inflammation, and preservation of metabolic function. Data support GLN as an ideal pharmacologic intervention to prevent or treat multiple organ dysfunction syndrome after sepsis or other injuries in the intensive care unit population. A large and growing body of clinical data shows that in well-defined critically ill patient groups GLN can be a life-saving intervention"
  • The role of parenteral glutamine supplement for surgical patient perioperatively: result of a single center, prospective and controlled study - Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2008 Aug 20 - "In terms of morbidity, there was no difference between the two groups, but two patients in the control group had wound infection; none was noted in the Gln group (p = 1.0). No surgical mortality was noted in this study. CONCLUSIONS: Perioperative parenteral nutrition supplemented with Gln is beneficial for patients undergoing GI surgery. Gln supplementation significantly attenuated postoperative inflammation and ameliorated postoperative immunodepression as well as nutritional depression in GI surgery"
  • Glutamine: role in critical illness and ongoing clinical trials - Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2008 Mar;24(2):190-7 - "Severe glutamine deficiencies occur rapidly in critical illness. The magnitude of glutamine deficiency is correlated with ICU mortality. Further, metaanalysis reveals glutamine reduces morbidity and mortality in critical illness"
  • Glutamine supplementation increases postprandial energy expenditure and fat oxidation in humans - JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2006 Mar-Apr;30(2):76-80
  • Glutamine, exercise and immune function. Links and possible mechanisms - Sports Med. 1998 Sep;26(3):177-91