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Anti-aging Research > L-Carnitine
L-Carnitine
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News & Research:
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Science Reveals How Red Meat Harms the Heart - WebMD, 12/29/21 -
"Researchers found that particular gut bacteria, more
abundant in red-meat eaters, are key in turning a dietary nutrient called
carnitine into a foe: a chemical known as TMAO, which helps promote
blood-clotting and clogged arteries ... The traditional suspect was saturated
fat, found almost exclusively in animal products. Saturated fat can boost "bad"
LDL cholesterol, which contributes to cardiovascular disease ... But, Hazen
said, research has shown that any ill effects of saturated fat are not enough to
explain the excess heart disease risks linked to heavy red-meat consumption.
There had to be other mechanisms ... Hazen, too, said he is a "big supporter" of
using diet to change the gut microbiome, rather than adding certain bugs via
probiotic supplements ... "Changing your diet changes the soil" that feeds gut
microbes ... The researchers also analyzed stool samples from people who took
part in the 2019 diet study. They found that when participants were eating a lot
of red meat, their stool harbored more of the culprit E. timonensis microbes;
when they switched to non-meat protein sources, those microbial levels dropped
... fermented foods like yogurt and kimchi, which contain certain microbes, can
be good choices. But again, she stressed, overall diet is what's key in
supporting a healthy gut" - What about prebiotics is your goal is to
change the soil?
-
Oral Carnitine
Supplementation Reduces Body Weight and Insulin Resistance in Women With
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome - Medscape, 8/10/16 -
"Overall, 12 weeks of carnitine administration in PCOS women resulted in
reductions in weight, BMI, WC and HC, and beneficial effects on glycaemic
control; however, it did not affect lipid profiles or free testosterone"
- See
L-carnitine at Amazon.com
 .
-
Nutritional supplement boosts muscle stamina in animal studies - Science
Daily, 7/7/15 - "The researchers then introduced a
carnitine supplement. Exercise tolerance improved only in animals with normal
CrAT activity in muscle. Muoio said these results strongly imply that carnitine
and the CrAT enzyme work together to optimize muscle energy metabolism during
exercise" - See
acetyl l-carnitine products at Amazon.com
and
l-carnitine at Amazon.com.
-
Serum Carnitine Level in
Chronic Viral Hepatitis - Medscape, 7/1/14 - "64 out
of 86 patients (74.4%) and 21 out of 86 (24.5%) healthy individuals suffered
from carnitine deficiency (p < 0.001). Carnitine dietary intake was
significantly lower (p < 0.001). Compared with patients with chronic hepatitis C
infection, a more severe form of carnitine deficiency was detected in patients
with chronic hepatitis B infection (18.39 ± 15.68 μmol/l vs 42.30 ± 32.92
μmol/l; p = 0.03)"
-
Carnitine Supplement May Improve Survival Rates of Children With Heart Defects
- Science Daily, 5/8/13 - "The new study indicates that
even without fixing the heart defect, high daily doses of carnitine in the first
four weeks of life can prevent endothelial dysfunction. In fact, the laboratory
lambs' ability to make nitric oxide is preserved even without the benefit of
heart surgery and the responses to the chemical activity that enables blood
vessel dilation is normalized"
-
L-carnitine significantly improves patient outcomes following heart attack,
study suggests - Science Daily, 4/12/13 - "This
systematic review of the 13 controlled trials in 3,629 patients, involving
250 deaths, 220 cases of new heart failure, and 38 recurrent heart attacks,
found that L-carnitine was associated with: ... Significant 27% reduction in
all-cause mortality (number needed to treat 38) ... Highly significant 65%
reduction in ventricular arrhythmias (number needed to treat 4) ...
Significant 40% reduction in the development of angina (number needed to
treat 3) ... Reduction in infarct size ... These findings may seem to
contradict those reported in a study published earlier this month in Nature
Medicine by Robert A. Koeth and others (link below), which demonstrated that
metabolism by intestinal microbiota of dietary L-carnitine produced
trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and accelerated atherosclerosis in mice"
- Note: I read that Koeth study and wasn't buying it with all the previous
studies I had read.
-
CoQ10 and
L-carnitine for Statin Myalgia? - Medscape, 1/4/13 -
"In summary, it has been proposed that CoQ10 can
help to treat statin myalgia. While this is not conclusive, there are two
randomized controlled trials showing significant improvements in the
severity of muscle pain with the use of CoQ10 in patients treated with
statins. Thus, it is not unreasonable to supplement a patient who is
experiencing muscle pains on a statin with CoQ10. While there are no
clinical trials showing improvements in muscle pain with the use of
l-carnitine, patients who experience statin myalgia frequently have
carnitine abnormalities. It is too soon to recommend l-carnitine for statin
myalgia, but future trials should test this supplement to see if it has any
place for this adverse effect. Other common alternatives for treating statin
myalgias are supplementation with vitamin D or vitamin B12, especially in
the setting of suboptimal serum levels"
-
Lonza’s L-carnitine may boost exercise recovery: Study - Nutra USA,
8/12/10 - "Blood samples showed that L-carnitine
supplementation significantly improved a range of biochemical markers,
including purine metabolism, free radical formation, and muscle tissue
disruption ... The l-carnitine l-tartrate supplementation therefore reduced
both myoglobin and creatine kinase concentrations, providing additional
evidence that LCLT reduces post-exercise muscle disruption ... Such findings
support the additional findings that l-carnitine l-tartrate significantly
reduced muscle soreness immediately after the exercise workout and at 24 and
48 hours postexercise when compared with the placebo condition" - [Abstract]
-
Carnitine Supplements Reverse Glucose Intolerance In Animals - Science
Daily, 8/17/09 - "After just eight weeks of
supplementation with carnitine, the obese rats restored their cells' fuel-
burning capacity (which was shut down by a lack of natural carnitine) and
improved their glucose tolerance, a health outcome that indicates a lower
risk of diabetes ... These results offer hope for a new therapeutic option
for people with glucose intolerance, older people, people with kidney
disease, and those with type 2 diabetes (what used to be called adult-onset
diabetes) ... Carnitine is a natural compound known for helping fatty acids
enter the mitochondria, the powerhouses of cells, where fatty acids are
"burned" to give cells energy for their various tasks. Carnitine also helps
move excess fuel from cells into the circulating blood, which then
redistributes this energy source to needier organs or to the kidneys for
removal"
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L-carnitine linked to better mental function in the very old - Nutra
USA, 12/13/07 - "either the daily L-carnitine
supplement (two grams, from Sigma Tau) or placebo for six months ... the
supplementation with L-carnitine was associated with significant reductions
in fat mass, compared to placebo. Indeed, the active supplement group lost
1.6 kg of fat mass, while the placebo group gained 0.6 kg ... Total muscle
mass in the L-carnitine-supplemented group increased by three kilograms more
than the placebo group ... Cognitive performance, measured using the
30-point Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), showed increases of 4.1
points for the L-carnitine group, compared to only 0.6 points on average for
the placebo group" - [Abstract]
-
Four
powerhouse nutrients - Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, 4/05 -
"L-carnitine shuttles fuel into cells to be burned
as energy; coenzyme Q10 sparks the energy within the cells; ribose is a
component of adenosine triphosphate (ATP); and alpha-lipoic acid increases
ATP levels"
-
Sperm Swim Better With Carnitine - WebMD, 3/9/05 -
"The finding could help men coping with fertility
issues -- specifically, those men whose sperm don't move very well"
-
New
uses for carnitine - Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, 11/04 -
"Because L-carnitine is central to the formation of
energy from fat, the heart is therefore dependent on L-carnitine for most of
its energy production ... L-Carnipure carries long-chain fatty acids into
the mitochondria where they are oxidised for energy. Its ability to generate
energy from fat makes carnitine useful as part of a weight management
program ... L-carnitine plus its metabolite,
acetyl-L-carnitine, can treat symptoms of male ageing, including sexual
dysfunction, depressed mood and fatigue"
- Carnitine Improves
Symptoms of Male Aging - Medscape, 4/14/04 -
"Carnitine is more active than testosterone for
improving symptoms of male aging such as sexual dysfunction, depressed mood,
and fatigue ... In this trial, 120 patients were randomized to receive
testosterone undecanoate 160 mg/day, propionyl-L-carnitine 2 g/day plus
acetyl-L-carnitine 2 g/day, or placebo for six
months" [Abstract]
- See
GPLC at Amazon.com.
-
Better than testosterone? - Life Extension Foundation, 4/19/04 -
"The April 2004 issue of the journal Urology
published the findings ... Erectile function, sexual desire, sexual
satisfaction and nocturnal penile tumescence increased over the course of
the study in the group receiving testosterone as well as the group receiving
carnitine. In addition, the group receiving carnitine experienced an
increase in orgasm and general sexual well-being. Erectile function and
nocturnal penile tumescence were significantly more improved in this group
than in those receiving testosterone. While both treatments lowered
depression scores, carnitine’s effect was greater"
- L-Carnitine Effective
for Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder
- New Hope Natural Media, 12/19/02 -
"According to the parents’ ratings, 54% of the
children showed significant improvement in their behavior while taking
L-carnitine, whereas only 13% improved during the placebo period. The
teachers’ ratings showed a similar, though slightly less pronounced,
advantage of L-carnitine over placebo"
- Also see acetyl-l-carnitine.
-
The Benefits of Carnitine and DHEA for Fat Metabolism - Life Extension
Magazine, 8/02 -
"Carnitine is an amino acid that's critical for
converting fatty acids into fuel. Because of this, it has the potential to
help people
lose weight ... A lack of DHEA may be one of
the primary causes of insulin resistance"
Abstracts:
-
Dietary
supplementation of L-carnitine ameliorates metabolic syndrome
independent of trimethylamine N-oxide produced by gut microbes
in high-fat diet-induced obese mice - Food Funct 2022 Nov 4
- "Metabolic syndrome (MS) ...
L-carnitine (0.5%-4%) reduced HFD-caused body-weight gain,
visceral adipose tissue, glucose intolerance, hyperglycemia,
HOMA-IR index, hyperlipemia, hypertension, and hyperuricemia.
The elevation in the concentrations of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α
and decline in IL-10 in both serum and adipose tissue were also
attenuated by L-carnitine. Furthermore, dietary L-carnitine
increased the serum levels of TMAO produced by gut microbes.
High-dose L-carnitine (2% and 4%), but not low-dose L-carnitine
(0.2%-1%), notably modulated the composition of gut microbiota
and partially attenuated HFD-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis.
These results suggest that the ameliorative effect of
L-carnitine on MS was independent of TMAO production and only
partially related to the regulation of gut microbiota. This
study provides crucial evidence for the utilization of
L-carnitine as a safe and effective supplement for MS" -
See L-carnitine at Amazon.com.
-
Serum
L-Carnitine Levels Are Associated With First Stroke in Chinese
Adults With Hypertension - Stroke 2022 Jun 30 -
"The mean level of serum L-carnitine in the stroke population
was 4.7 μg/mL, which was significantly lower than that of the
control group (5.7 μg/mL). When L-carnitine was assessed as
quintiles, compared with the reference group (quintile 1, <3.3
μg/mL), the odds of stroke were 0.62 (95% CI, 0.39-1.00) in
quintile 2, 0.66 (95% CI, 0.40-1.10) in quintile 3, 0.47 (95%
CI, 0.28-0.81) in quintile 4, and 0.50 (95% CI, 0.30-0.84) in
quintile 5. The trend test was significant (P=0.01). When
quintiles 2 to 5 were combined, the adjusted odds ratio of first
stroke was 0.58 (95% CI, 0.38-0.87) compared with quintile 1"
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Association
Between Plasma L-Carnitine and Cognitive Impairment in Patients
with Acute Ischemic Stroke - J Alzheimers Dis 2022 Jan 14 -
"L-carnitine has been shown to exert
neuroprotective effects on cerebral ischemia, mainly by
improving mitochondrial function and reducing inflammation.
L-carnitine supplementation has also been promoted to enhance
cognitive function ... The study sample population was drawn
from the China Antihypertensive Trial in Acute Ischemic Stroke.
Plasma L-carnitine were measured at baseline in 617 patients
with ischemic stroke using ultrahigh-performance liquid
chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry ... Plasma L-carnitine
were inversely associated with cognitive impairment at 3 months
after ischemic stroke, and the adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) for
the highest versus lowest quartiles of L-carnitine was 0.60
(0.37, 0.98; p for trend = 0.04). Each 1-SD increase in
log-transformed L-carnitine concentration was significantly
associated with a 15% (95% CI: 1%, 29%) reduction in the risk of
cognitive impairment after stroke. The addition of L-carnitine
to the model including conventional risk factors significantly
improved the risk reclassification for cognitive impairment (net
reclassification improvement: 17.9%, integrated discrimination
improvement: 0.8% ; both p < 0.05). Furthermore, joint effects
of L-carnitine and inflammation markers were observed, and
patients with higher L-carnitine and a lower inflammatory status
simultaneously had the lowest risk of poststroke cognitive
impairment"
-
Serum carnitine as a
biomarker of sarcopenia and nutritional status in preoperative gastrointestinal
cancer patients - J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2021 Dec 22 -
"Sarcopenia is an important factor in the postoperative
outcome of gastrointestinal cancer patients ... One hundred fourteen patients
scheduled to undergo gastroenterological surgery between August 2016 and January
2017 were enrolled. Their mean age was 68.4 ± 10.5, and 64.9% were male. Serum
carnitine fractions [total carnitine (TC), free l-carnitine (FC), and
acylcarnitine (AC)] were measured prior to surgery ... This study suggests that
carnitine level is a biomarker of sarcopenia and nutritional status"
-
The Effects of Vitamin E,
Silymarin and Carnitine on the Metabolic Abnormalities Associated with
Nonalcoholic Liver Disease - J Diet Suppl 2021 Jan 25 -
"Studies indicate that antioxidant supplementation may
improve abnormal liver chemistries, glucose control, and hyperlipidemia, in
patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The primary objective of
the study was to determine the normalization of abnormalities in hepatic
function testing in patients with NAFLD when treated with vitamin E 200 IU,
Silymarin 750 mg, and l-carnitine 1 gram (VSC) for 18 weeks in comparison to a
placebo-controlled group ... VSC caused a significant reduction in serum
glucose, insulin, and HOMA levels. While there were downtrends in the other
measured values these were not statistically significant. In this 18-week study,
the ability of this supplement in reducing markers of liver inflammation,
glucose, insulin, and triglycerides indicate that this supplement could play an
important role in the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, diabetes,
and the metabolic syndrome" - See
Jarrow FamilE (contains all eight members
of the vitamin E family, includes Tocomin) at Amazon.com,
silymarin at Amazon.com and L-carnitine at Amazon.com.
-
Effects of L-Carnitine
Supplementation in Patients Receiving Hemodialysis or Peritoneal Dialysis -
Nutrients 2020 Nov 1 - "L-carnitine is an important
factor in fatty acid metabolism, and carnitine deficiency is common in dialysis
patients. This study evaluated whether L-carnitine supplementation improved
muscle spasm, cardiac function, and renal anemia in dialysis patients. Eighty
Japanese outpatients (62 hemodialysis (HD) patients and 18 peritoneal dialysis
(PD) patients) received oral L-carnitine (600 mg/day) for 12 months; the HD
patients further received intravenous L-carnitine injections (1000 mg three
times/week) for 12 months, amounting to 24 months of treatment ... There was no
significant improvement in muscle spasms, although decreased muscle cramping
after L-carnitine treatment was reported by 31% of patients who had undergone HD
for >4 years. Hemoglobin concentrations increased significantly at 12 and 24
months in the HD group. Therefore, L-carnitine may be effective for reducing
muscle cramping and improving hemoglobin levels in dialysis patients, especially
those who have been undergoing dialysis for >4 years"
-
The Effect of L-Carnitine
Supplementation on Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage: A Systematic Review and
Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials - J Am Coll Nutr. 2020 Mar
10:1-12 - "Accumulating evidence of previous
experimental studies indicated that L-Carnitine positively ameliorates muscle
damage ... Pooled data from seven studies showed that L-Carnitine resulted in
significant improvements in muscle soreness (MS) at the five follow-up time
points (0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours (h)) compared to placebo. Also, pooled data
indicated that L-Carnitine significantly reduced creatine kinase (CK), myoglobin
(Mb), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels at one follow-up period (24 h).
However, no effects have been observed beyond this period. Our outcomes indicate
that L-Carnitine supplementation improves delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS)
and markers of muscle damage"
-
l-Carnitine
Supplementation in Recovery after Exercise - Nutrients. 2018 Mar 13;10(3) -
"Given its pivotal role in fatty acid oxidation and
energy metabolism, l-carnitine has been investigated as ergogenic aid for
enhancing exercise capacity in the healthy athletic population. Early research
indicates its beneficial effects on acute physical performance, such as
increased maximum oxygen consumption and higher power output. Later studies
point to the positive impact of dietary supplementation with l-carnitine on the
recovery process after exercise. It is demonstrated that l-carnitine alleviates
muscle injury and reduces markers of cellular damage and free radical formation
accompanied by attenuation of muscle soreness. The supplementation-based
increase in serum and muscle l-carnitine contents is suggested to enhance blood
flow and oxygen supply to the muscle tissue via improved endothelial function
thereby reducing hypoxia-induced cellular and biochemical disruptions. Studies
in older adults further showed that l-carnitine intake can lead to increased
muscle mass accompanied by a decrease in body weight and reduced physical and
mental fatigue. Based on current animal studies, a role of l-carnitine in the
prevention of age-associated muscle protein degradation and regulation of
mitochondrial homeostasis is suggested" - [Nutra
USA]
-
Enhanced aerobic exercise
performance in women by a combination of three mineral Chelates plus two
conditionally essential nutrients - J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2017 Nov 13 -
"For 1 mo, aerobically fit, young adult women took
either a combination of 3 mineral glycinate complexes (daily dose: 36 mg
iron,
15 mg zinc, and 2 mg copper) + 2 CENs (daily dose: 2 g carnitine and 400 mg phosphatidylserine), or the same combination with generic mineral complexes, or
placebo (n = 14/group) ... In Trial 1, the mineral glycinates + CENs decreased 3
mile run time (25.6 ± 2.4 vs 26.5 ± 2.3 min, p < 0.05, paired t-test) increased
stationary bike distance after 25 min (6.5 ± 0.6 vs 6.0 ± 0.8 miles, p < 0.05,
paired t-test), and increased steps in the step test (43.8 ± 4.8 vs 40.3 ± 6.4
steps, p < 0.05, paired t-test). The placebo significantly affected only the
biking distance, but it was less than for the glycinates-CENs treatment
(0.2 ± 0.4. vs 0.5 ± 0.1 miles, p < 0.05, ANOVA + Tukey). The generic minerals +
CENs only significantly affected the step test (44.1 ± 5.2 vs 41.0 ± 5.9 steps,
p < 0.05, paired t-test) In Trial 2, 3 mile run time was decreased for the
mineral glycinates + CENs (23.9 ± 3.1 vs 24.7 ± 2.5, p < 0.005, paired t-test),
but not by the placebo" - [Nutra
USA] - See
Jarrow Zinc Balance,
Bulksupplements Pure L-Carnitine L-Tartrate
Powder (500 grams),
iron supplements
and Extra Strength Phosphatidyl Serine 300 mg
Now Foods 50 Softgel at Amazon.com.
-
L-Carnitine
supplementation to reverse hyperammonemia in a patient undergoing chronic
valproic acid treatment: A case report - J Int Med Res. 2017 Jan 1 -
"Carnitine supplementation was useful for reversal of
her hyperammonemia, allowing her to continue valproic acid for seizure control"
- See
L-carnitine at Amazon.com.
-
Efficacy of a novel
formulation of L-Carnitine, creatine, and leucine on lean body mass and
functional muscle strength in healthy older adults: a randomized, double-blind
placebo-controlled study - Nutr Metab (Lond). 2017 Jan 18;14:7 -
"Forty-two healthy older adults aged 55-70 years were
randomized to receive either a novel L-Carnitine (1500 mg), L-leucine (2000 mg),
creatine (3000 mg), Vitamin D3 (10 μg) (L-Carnitine-combination) product
(n = 14), L-Carnitine (1500 mg) (n = 14), or a placebo (n = 14) for eight weeks
... Participants supplemented with the L-Carnitine-combination showed a 1.0 kg
increase in total lean muscle mass (P = 0.013), leg lean muscle mass (0.35 kg,
P = 0.005), and a 1.0 kg increase in lower leg strength (P = 0.029) at week 8.
In addition, these increases were significant when compared to the placebo group
(P = 0.034, P = 0.026, and P = 0.002, respectively). Total mTOR protein
expression was increased in participants in the L-Carnitine-combination group at
the end of the study compared to the baseline (P = 0.017). This increase was
also significant when compared to the placebo (P = 0.039), suggesting that the
increase in muscle mass and strength was due to new protein synthesis and mTOR
pathway activation" - [Nutra
USA]
-
L-Carnitine/Simvastatin
Reduces Lipoprotein (a) Levels Compared with Simvastatin Monotherapy: A
Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study - Lipids. 2016 Dec 2 -
"Subjects were randomly allocated to receive L-carnitine
2 g/day plus simvastatin 20 mg /day (N = 29) or placebo plus simvastatin 20
mg/day (N = 29) for a total of 12 weeks. Lp(a) was significantly reduced in the
L-carnitine/simvastatin group [-19.4%, from 52 (20-171) to 42 (15-102) mg/dL; p
= 0.01], but not in the placebo/simvastatin group [-6.7%, from 56 (26-108) to 52
(27-93) mg/dL, p = NS versus baseline and p = 0.016 for the comparison between
groups]. Similar significant reductions in total cholesterol, LDL-C,
apolipoprotein (apo) B and TAG were observed in both groups" - See
L-carnitine at Amazon.com.
-
L-carnitine
supplementation for the management of fatigue in patients with hypothyroidism on
levothyroxine treatment: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
- Endocr J. 2016 Jul 16 - "Hypothyroid patients
experience fatigue-related symptoms despite adequate thyroid hormone replacement
... 60 patients (age 50.0 ± 9.2 years, 3 males, 57 females) who still
experienced fatigue (fatigue severity scale [FSS] score ≥ 36) were given L-carnitine
(n = 30, 990 mg L-carnitine twice daily) or placebo (n = 30) for 12 weeks. After
12 weeks, although neither the FSS score nor the physical fatigue score (PFS)
changed significantly, the mental fatigue score (MFS) was significantly
decreased by treatment with L-carnitine compared with placebo (from 4.5 ± 1.9 to
3.9 ± 1.5 vs. from 4.2 ± 1.8 to 4.6 ± 1.6, respectively; P < 0.01). In the L-carnitine
group, 75.0%, 53.6%, and 50.0% of patients showed improvement in the FSS score,
PFS, and MFS, respectively, but only 20.0%, 24.0%, and 24.0%, respectively, did
so in the placebo group (all P < 0.05). Both the PFS and MFS were significantly
improved in patients younger than 50 years and those with free T3 ≥ 4.0 pg/mL by
treatment with L-carnitine compared with placebo"
-
The effect of
(L-)carnitine on weight loss in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of
randomized controlled trials - Obes Rev. 2016 Jun 22 -
"Results from meta-analysis of eligible trials revealed
that subjects who received carnitine lost significantly more weight (MD:
-1.33 kg; 95% CI: -2.09 to -0.57) and showed a decrease in body mass index (MD:
-0.47 kg m-2 ; 95% CI: -0.88 to -0.05) compared with the control group. The
results of meta-regression analysis of duration of consumption revealed that the
magnitude of weight loss resulted by carnitine supplementation significantly
decreased over time (p = 0.002). We conclude that receiving the carnitine
resulted in weight loss"
-
Effects of L-carnitine
supplementation on lipid profiles in patients with coronary artery disease -
Lipids Health Dis. 2016 Jun 17;15(1):107 - "LC
supplementation at a dose of 1000 mg/d showed significantly increased in HDL-C
and Apo-A1 levels and a slight decrease in TG levels but no other changes in
other lipids in CAD patients, and this lipid-lowering effect may be related to
its antioxidant ability" - See
L-carnitine at Amazon.com.
-
Effects of
l-Carnitine Supplementation on Serum Inflammatory Factors and Matrix
Metalloproteinase Enzymes in Females with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized,
Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study - J Am Coll Nutr. 2016 Mar
2:1-7 - "72 females with mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis started the study,
divided into 2 groups to receive 750 mg/day L-carnitine (n = 36) or placebo (n =
36) for 8 weeks. Serum levels of Interleukine-1β (IL-1β), high-sensitivity
C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)-1 and -13, and
visual analog scale (VAS) for pain were assessed before and after
supplementation ... The mean VAS score decreased significantly in the
L-carnitine and placebo groups by 52.67% and 21.82%, respectively"
-
Oral
carnitine supplementation reduces body weight and insulin resistance in women
with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled
trial - Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2015 Dec 15 - "60
overweight patients diagnosed with PCOS were randomized to receive either 250 mg
carnitine supplements (n=30) or placebo (n=30) for 12 weeks ... At the end of
the 12 weeks, taking carnitine supplements resulted in a significant reduction
in weight (-2.7±1.5 vs. +0.1±1.8 kg, P<0.001), BMI (-1.1±0.6 vs. +0.1±0.7 kg/m2
, P<0.001), waist circumference (WC) (-2.0±1.3 vs. -0.3±2.0 cm, P<0.001) and hip
circumference (HC) (-2.5±1.5 vs. -0.3±1.8 cm, P<0.001) compared with placebo. In
addition, compared with placebo, carnitine administration in women with PCOS led
to a significant reduction in fasting plasma glucose (-0.38±0.36 vs. +0.11±0.97
mmol/L, P=0.01), serum insulin levels (-14.39±25.80 vs. +3.01±37.25 pmol/L,
P=0.04), homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance (-0.61±1.03 vs.
+0.11±1.43, P=0.04) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (-3.64±7.00 vs.
-0.59±3.20 μmol/L, P=0.03)"
-
L-Carnitine
enhances exercise endurance capacity by promoting muscle oxidative metabolism in
mice - Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2015 Jul 8 -
"These results suggest that LC administration promotes fat oxidation and
mitochondrial biogenesis while sparing stored glycogen in skeletal muscle during
prolonged exercise, resulting in enhanced endurance capacity" - See
acetyl l-carnitine products at Amazon.com
and
l-carnitine at Amazon.com.
-
L-carnitine
ameliorated fasting-induced fatigue, hunger, and metabolic abnormalities in
patients with metabolic syndrome: a randomized controlled study - Nutr J.
2014 Nov 26;13(1):110 - "In this 7-day, randomized,
single-blind, placebo-controlled, pilot study, 15 metabolic syndrome (MetS)
patients (11/4 F/M; age 46.9 +/- 9.14 years; body mass index [BMI] 28.2 +/- 1.8
kg/m2) were in the L-carnitine group (LC) and 15 (10/5 F/M; age 46.8 +/- 10.9
years; BMI 27.1 +/- 2.3 kg/m2) were in the control group (CT) ... There were
significant differences in weight loss (LC -4.6 +/- 0.9 vs. CT -3.2 +/- 1.1 kg,
P = 0.03), and waist circumference (LC -5.0 +/- 2.2 vs. CT -1.7 +/- 1.16 cm, P <
0.001), waist hip ratio (LC -0.023 +/- 0.017 vs. CT 0.012 +/- 0.01, P < 0.001),
insulin concentration (LC -9.9 +/- 3.58 vs. CT -6.32 +/- 3.44 muU/mL, P =
0.046), and gamma-glutamyltransferase concentration (LC -7.07 +/- 6.82 vs. CT
-2.07 +/- 4.18, P = 0.024). Perceived hunger scores were significantly increased
(P < 0.05) in the CT group during starvation, which was alleviated with
L-carnitine administration in the LC group. Physical fatigue (LC -3.2 +/- 3.17
vs. CT 1.8 +/- 2.04, P < 0.001) and fatigue severity (LC -11.6 +/- 8.38 vs. CT
8.18 +/- 7.32, P < 0.001) were significantly reduced in the LC group but were
aggravated in the CT group"
-
Effects of
L-carnitine supplementation on oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes
activities in patients with coronary artery disease: a randomized,
placebo-controlled trial - Nutr J. 2014 Aug 4;13(1):79 -
"LC supplementation at a dose of 1000 mg/d was
associated with a significant reduction in oxidative stress and an increase in
antioxidant enzymes activities in CAD patients. CAD patients might benefit from
using LC supplements to increase their anti-oxidation capacity"
-
L-Carnitine
in the Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: Systematic Review and
Meta-analysis - Mayo Clin Proc. 2013 Apr 15 - "A
systematic review and meta-analysis of 13 controlled trials (N=3629) was
conducted to determine the effects of L-carnitine vs placebo or control on
mortality, ventricular arrhythmias (VAs), angina, heart failure, and
reinfarction ... Compared with placebo or control, L-carnitine is associated
with a 27% reduction in all-cause mortality, a 65% reduction in VAs, and a 40%
reduction in anginal symptoms in patients experiencing an acute myocardial
infarction"
-
Studies on
the chemopreventive effect of carnitine on tumorigenesis in vivo, using two
experimental murine models of colon cancer - Nutr Cancer. 2012
Nov;64(8):1279-87 - "Carnitine supplementation resulted
in significantly increased tissue carnitine and acylcarnitine levels. Carnitine
inhibited the development of precancerous lesions and macroscopic colonic tumors
in AOM-treated mice"
-
L-Carnitine-supplementation in advanced pancreatic cancer (CARPAN) - a
randomized multicentre trial - Nutr J. 2012 Jul 23;11(1):52 -
"Cachexia, a >10% loss of body-weight, is one factor
determining the poor prognosis of pancreatic cancer. Deficiency of L-Carnitine
has been proposed to cause cancer cachexia ... While these data are preliminary
and need confirmation they indicate that patients with pancreatic cancer may
have a clinically relevant benefit from the inexpensive oral supplementation of
L-Carnitine"
-
L-Carnitine
prevents the development of ventricular fibrosis and heart failure with
preserved ejection fraction in hypertensive heart disease - J Hypertens.
2012 Jul 12 - "Prognosis of heart failure with preserved
ejection fraction (HFpEF) remains poor because of unknown pathophysiology and
unestablished therapeutic strategy ... L-carnitine supplementation attenuates
cardiac fibrosis by increasing prostacyclin production through arachidonic acid
pathway, and may be a promising therapeutic option for HFpEF"
-
Chronic oral
ingestion of L-carnitine and carbohydrate increases muscle carnitine content and
alters muscle fuel metabolism during exercise in humans: the dual role of muscle
carnitine in exercise metabolism - J Physiol. 2011 Jan 4 -
"total carnitine (TC) ... At 50% VO2max, the Carnitine
group utilised 55% less muscle glycogen compared to Control (P<0.05) and 31%
less pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activation (PDCa) compared to before
supplementation (P<0.05). Conversely, at 80% VO2max, muscle PDCa was 38% higher
(P<0.05), acetylcarnitine content showed a trend to be 16% greater (P<0.10),
muscle lactate content was 44% lower (P<0.05) and the muscle PCr/ATP ratio was
better maintained (P<0.05) in Carnitine compared to Control. The Carnitine group
increased work output 11% from baseline in the performance trial, while Control
showed no change. This is the first demonstration that human muscle TC can be
increased by dietary means and results in muscle glycogen sparing during low
intensity exercise (consistent with an increase in lipid utilisation) and a
better matching of glycolytic, PDC and mitochondrial flux during high intensity
exercise, thereby reducing muscle anaerobic ATP production. Furthermore, these
changes were associated with an improvement in exercise performance" -
See
l-carnitine at Amazon.com.
-
l-Carnitine l-tartrate supplementation favorably affects biochemical markers of
recovery from physical exertion in middle-aged men and women - Metabolism.
2010 Aug;59(8):1190-9 - "Two grams of l-carnitine
supplementation had positive effects and significantly (P < or = .05) attenuated
biochemical markers of purine metabolism (ie, hypoxanthine, xanthine oxidase),
free radical formation (malondialdehyde), muscle tissue disruption (myoglobin,
creatine kinase), and muscle soreness after physical exertion. However, markers
of physical performance (ie, strength, power, get up and go) were not affected
by supplementation. These findings support our previous findings of l-carnitine
in younger people that such supplementation can reduce chemical damage to
tissues after exercise and optimize the processes of muscle tissue repair and
remodeling"
-
Glycine
Propionyl-L-carnitine Modulates Lipid Peroxidation and Nitric Oxide in Human
Subjects - Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2009 May;79(3):131-141 -
"Nitric oxide was increased (p<0.05) from pre- to
post-intervention with 3 g GPLC (21.34+/-2.27 vs. 29.46+/-3.61 micromol.L (-1))"
- Note: (29.46 - 21.34) / 21.34 = 38% increase in nitric oxide. See
GPLC at Amazon.com.
-
l-Carnitine l-tartrate supplementation favorably affects biochemical markers
of recovery from physical exertion in middle-aged men and women -
Metabolism. 2009 Dec 30 - "Two grams of l-carnitine
supplementation had positive effects and significantly (P </= .05)
attenuated biochemical markers of purine metabolism (ie, hypoxanthine,
xanthine oxidase), free radical formation (malondialdehyde), muscle tissue
disruption (myoglobin, creatine kinase), and muscle soreness after physical
exertion. However, markers of physical performance (ie, strength, power, get
up and go) were not affected by supplementation. These findings support our
previous findings of l-carnitine in younger people that such supplementation
can reduce chemical damage to tissues after exercise and optimize the
processes of muscle tissue repair and remodeling"
-
L-Carnitine
supplementation reduces oxidized LDL cholesterol in patients with diabetes -
Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Dec 3 - "The 2 groups received
either 2 g L-carnitine once daily (n = 41) or placebo ... the
L-carnitine-treated patients showed significant improvements compared with the
placebo group in the following markers: oxidized LDL levels decreased by 15.1
compared with 3.0 U/L (P < 0.001); LDL cholesterol decreased by 0.45 compared
with 0.16 mmol/L (P < 0.05); triglycerides decreased by 1.02 compared with 0.09
mmol/L (P < 0.001); apolipoprotein A1 concentrations decreased by 0.12 compared
with 0.03 mg/dL (P < 0.05); apolipoprotein B-100 concentrations decreased by
0.13 compared with 0.04 mg/dL (P < 0.05); thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance
concentrations decreased by 1.92 compared with 0.05 (P < 0.001), and conjugated
diene concentrations decreased by 0.72 compared with 0.11 in the placebo group
... Our study indicates that oral administration of L-carnitine reduces oxidized
LDL cholesterol levels in patients with type 2 diabetes"
- See
l-carnitine at Amazon.com.
-
Effects
of carnitine supplementation on flow-mediated dilation and vascular
inflammatory responses to a high-fat meal in healthy young adults - Am J
Cardiol. 2008 Nov 15;102(10):1413-7 - "flow-mediated
dilation (FMD) ... these findings indicate that carnitine supplementation in
healthy individuals improves postprandial FMD after a high-fat meal"
-
Renoprotective action of l-carnitine in fructose-induced metabolic syndrome
- Diabetes Obes Metab. 2007 Dec 17 - "l-carnitine
(CA) administration ... The benefits of CA in this model suggest the
therapeutic use of CA to counter the kidney changes associated with
metabolic syndrome"
-
L-Carnitine treatment reduces severity of physical and mental fatigue and
increases cognitive functions in centenarians: a randomized and controlled
clinical trial - Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 Dec;86(6):1738-44 -
"Our study indicates that oral administration of
levocarnitine produces a reduction of total fat mass, increases total
muscular mass, and facilitates an increased capacity for physical and
cognitive activity by reducing fatigue and improving cognitive functions"
-
Effect of L-carnitine and/or L-acetyl-carnitine in nutrition treatment for
male infertility: a systematic review - Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2007;16
Suppl:383-90 - "the administration of LC and/or LAC
may be effective in improving pregnancy rate and sperm kinetic features in
patients affected by male infertility"
-
Asymptomatic carnitine depletion on ketogenic diet in patients with
pharmacoresistant epilepsies - Klin Padiatr. 2006 Sep-Oct;218(5):260-3 -
"Regular controls of carnitine levels should be
performed during the treatment with ketogenic diet, both at the beginning
and during longterm-therapy"
-
Effect of PLC on functional parameters and oxidative profile in type 2
diabetes-associated PAD - Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2006 Jan 27 -
"These results suggest that adjunct therapy with PLC
may be warranted in type 2 diabetes-associated
PAD" - See
GPLC at Amazon.com.
-
Carnitine Treatment Improved Quality-of-Life Measure in a Sample of
Midwestern Hemodialysis Patients - JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2006
Jan-Feb;30(1):10-5 - "24 weeks of IV carnitine
therapy, SF-36 scores were improved and erythropoietin doses were reduced in
hemodialysis patients, relative to the control group"
-
Effect of L-carnitine on plasma glycemic and lipidemic profile in patients
with type II diabetes mellitus - Eur J Clin Nutr. 2005 Mar 02 -
"fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ... FPG in the
L-carnitine group decreased significantly from 143+/-35 to 130+/-33 mg/dl
(P=0.03) ... after 12 weeks of treatment"
-
Preliminary observations on the use of propionyl-L-carnitine in combination
with sildenafil in patients with erectile dysfunction and diabetes -
Curr Med Res Opin. 2004 Sep;20(9):1377-84 - "Salvage
therapy with PLC plus sildenafil was more effective than sildenafil in the
treatment of ED in patients with diabetes refractory to sildenafil
monotherapy"
- The way I understand it, propionyl-L-carnitine is the l-carnitine
available over-the-counter. See
HealthTouch and "alternative names" at
HealthGate.
-
Carnitine versus androgen administration in the treatment of sexual
dysfunction, depressed mood, and fatigue associated with male aging
- Urology. 2004 Apr;63(4):641-6
-
The role of carnitine in normal and altered fatty acid metabolism
- Am J Kidney Dis 2003 Apr;41(4 Suppl 4):S4-S12
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