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Peripheral Arterial Disease

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• intermittent claudication

Alternative News:

• Marijuana Users Have Triple the Odds for Leg Artery Disease (Study) - WebMD, 5/15/23 - "Smoking cigarettes has long been linked to peripheral artery disease (PAD), a condition where the buildup of plaque narrows arteries and limits blood flow to the legs or arms ... Now, a new study suggests that marijuana may have a similar impact, after finding that users had three times the risk of developing PAD ... The takeaway for this for providers, particularly in younger adults, is that these data suggest a red flag ... And what that means is that providers need to be asking at each patient encounter for their patients to be very transparent about cannabinoid use, no judgment involved, but we need to be using this as a risk factor for both coronary and peripheral artery disease"
• Cocoa flavanol consumption improves lower extremity endothelial function in healthy individuals and people with type 2 diabetes - Food Funct 2022 Sep 27 - "diabetes and age are major risk factors for the development of lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD). Cocoa flavanol (CF) consumption is associated with lower risk for PAD and improves brachial artery (BA) endothelial function ... individuals with T2DM exhibit decreased endothelial function that is more pronounced in the femoral than in the brachial artery. CFs increase endothelial function not only in the BA but also the FA both in healthy individuals and in those with T2DM who are at increased risk of developing lower extremity PAD and foot ulcers" - See dark Chocolate at Amazon.com.
• The association of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration with peripheral arterial disease: A meta-analysis of observational studies - Atherosclerosis. 2015 Oct 14 - "circulating 25(OH)D concentrations were lower in PAD patients compared with non-PAD participants (SMD = -0.32" - See vitamin D at Amazon.com.
• Potent Antihypertensive Action of Dietary Flaxseed in Hypertensive Patients - Hypertension. 2013 Oct 14 - "patients (110 in total) ingested a variety of foods that contained 30 g of milled flaxseed or placebo each day over 6 months. Plasma levels of the ω-3 fatty acid α-linolenic acid and enterolignans increased 2- to 50-fold in the flaxseed-fed group but did not increase significantly in the placebo group ... SBP was ≈10 mm Hg lower, and DBP was ≈7 mm Hg lower in the flaxseed group compared with placebo after 6 months. Patients who entered the trial with a SBP ≥140 mm Hg at baseline obtained a significant reduction of 15 mm Hg in SBP and 7 mm Hg in DBP from flaxseed ingestion ... α-linolenic acid levels correlated with SBP and DBP, and lignan levels correlated with changes in DBP" - See flax seed at Amazon.com.
• Antioxidants may ease peripheral arterial disease (PAD) blood pressure increase, study suggests - Science Daily, 11/8/12 - "Low antioxidant levels contribute to increased blood pressure during exercise for people with peripheral arterial disease ... Antioxidants prevent the reactive oxygen species from damaging cells ... "This indicates that during normal, everyday activities such as walking, an impaired antioxidant system -- as well as other factors -- plays a role in the increased blood pressure response to exercise," Muller said. "Therefore, supplementing the diet with antioxidants may help these patients, but more studies are needed to confirm this concept."" - See Garden of Life, Radical Fruits Antioxidant Complex at Amazon.com.
• Exercise helps patients with peripheral artery disease - Science Daily, 12/2/09
• Folate may improve artery function and heart health - Nutra USA, 9/4/09
• The blood flow to my feet is quite poor. They will often feel heavy with pins and needles; and they are cold all of the time even if it quite warm - Dr. Murray
• Peripheral Artery Disease: Pain When Walking Can Be Reduced With Moderate Exercise, Study Suggests - Science Daily, 12/25/08
• Differences in vitamin D status as a possible contributor to the racial disparity in peripheral arterial disease - Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Dec;88(6):1469-1477 - "Differences in vitamin D status as a possible contributor to the racial disparity in peripheral arterial disease"
• Reductions in Iron Blood Levels Associated with Decreased Cancer Risk in Men with Peripheral Arterial Disease - Science Daily, 7/8/08
• Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels and the Prevalence of Peripheral Arterial Disease. Results from NHANES 2001 to 2004 - Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008 Apr 16 - "After multivariable adjustment for demographics, comorbidities, physical activity level, and laboratory measures, the prevalence ratio of PAD for the lowest, compared to the highest, 25(OH)D quartile (<17.8 and >/=29.2 ng/mL, respectively) was 1.80 (95% confidence interval: 1.19, 2.74). For each 10 ng/mL lower 25(OH)D level, the multivariable-adjusted prevalence ratio of PAD was 1.35 (95% confidence interval: 1.15, 1.59). CONCLUSIONS: Low serum 25(OH)D levels are associated with a higher prevalence of PAD"
• Vitamin D May Protect Against Peripheral Artery Disease - Science Daily, 4/20/08 - "When the researchers adjusted for age, sex, race and co-existing health problems, they found that PAD was 64 percent more common in the group with the lowest vitamin D levels compared with the group with the highest levels" - See vitamin D at Amazon.com.
• Vitamin D status linked to artery health: study - Nutra USA, 4/17/08 - "Data from 4839 participants of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) showed that the prevalence of PAD was 4.4 per cent lower in people with blood levels of vitamin D above 29.2 nanograms per millilitre (ng/mL) than in people with blood levels below 17.8 ng/mL" - See vitamin D at Amazon.com.
• Effect of PLC on functional parameters and oxidative profile in type 2 diabetes-associated PAD - Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2006 Jan 27 - "These results suggest that adjunct therapy with PLC may be warranted in type 2 diabetes-associated PAD" - See Ester Carnitine Propionyl at iHerb.
• The Use of B Vitamin Supplements and Peripheral Arterial Disease Risk in Men Are Inversely Related - J Nutr. 2003 Sep;133(9):2863-2867
• Vitamin D Deficiency Sparks Complications In Peripheral Arterial Disease - Doctor's Guide, 9/19/02
• Peripheral Arterial Disease Responds to Glutathione Infusion - Medscape, 8/9/02 - "Oxidative stress is considered an important condition in the atherosclerotic process, favoring cellular and vascular damage ... Forty subjects with Fontaine stage II PAD received intravenous glutathione or saline solution twice daily for five days. Those receiving glutathione had significant improvements in pain-free walking distance (196 +/- 15 vs. 143 +/- 11 m; P<.04), macrocirculatory flow after treadmill test with plethysmography, postischemic hyperemia with laser Doppler flowmetry, and reduced time to flow motion"

News & Research:

• It is never too late to start statins for clogged leg arteries - Science Daily, 9/3/19 - "Around 200 million people worldwide have peripheral arterial disease (PAD), a condition in which arteries in the legs are clogged. This restricts blood flow to the legs and raises the chances of stroke and heart attack. Around 30% of patients have pain and cramping in their legs when they walk -- referred to as intermittent claudication -- while others have gangrene in the feet due to poor circulation ... This study examined whether adherence to statin therapy influenced survival in patients with symptomatic PAD ... The dose of drug also increased between the two time periods, which was paralleled by a significant drop in LDL cholesterol from 97 to 82 mg/dL ... Patients who stopped taking a statin had a similar mortality rate (33%) to those who never took the drug (34%). Adhering to statins throughout the 50 months was linked with a 20% rate of death ... Taking high-dose statins throughout the study was linked with the lowest mortality rate (10%), while reducing the dosage during the study was related to the highest death rate (43%) ... All PAD patients should take statins, preferably very potent statins, like rosuvastatin 40 mg or atorvastatin 80 mg, or at the highest tolerable dose. In the rare case of statin intolerance, which was around 2% in our study, alternative lipid lowering therapies must be considered"
• Insulin Sensitizers Halve PAD Risk, Amputations in BARI 2D - Medscape, 6/10/13 - "Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation 2 Diabetes (BARI 2D) trial ... the incidence of any type of new PAD during an average follow-up of 4.6 years was lower among participants who received insulin-sensitizing therapy — metformin or a "glitazone" — than those who received insulin-providing therapy: 16.9% vs 24.1% ... What this suggests is that the use of an insulin-sensitizing medication might slow or reduce the progression of systemwide atherosclerosis in participants who already have fairly advanced coronary disease ... As Many as 1 in 4 High-Risk Patients May Develop PAD"
• The relationship between sex hormones, sex hormone binding globulin and peripheral artery disease in older persons - Atherosclerosis. 2012 Oct 3 - "Low SHBG and high T levels are significantly and independently associated with the presence of PAD in older men and women, respectively"
• Heart drugs ineffective in treating pulmonary arterial hypertension, study finds - Science Daily, 5/18/11
• 'Paradign shift' in how physicians treat peripheral artery disease - Science Daily, 10/5/10
• Peripheral Artery Disease: Pain When Walking Can Be Reduced With Moderate Exercise, Study Suggests - Science Daily, 12/15/08
• Predictors of cognitive impairment and dementia in older people with diabetes - Diabetologia. 2007 Dec 5 - "Peripheral arterial disease is a strong independent risk factor for dementia in diabetes"
• The Relationship Between A1C Levels & PAD Severity - Physician's Weekly, 11/19/07
• 'Silent' Artery Disease on the Rise - WebMD, 11/5/07
• Asymptomatic Peripheral Artery Disease Prevalence Is Rising - Science Daily, 11/4/07
• Relation of increased hemoglobin a(1c) levels to severity of peripheral arterial disease in patients with diabetes mellitus - Am J Cardiol. 2007 May 15;99(10):1468-9 - "the higher the hemoglobin A(1c) levels in patients with diabetes with PAD, the higher the prevalence of severe PAD"
• Doctors step up efforts to save legs - WebMD, 12/11/06
• Guiding Diagnosis & Management of Lower Extremity PAD - Physician's Weekly, 3/27/06
• First-Ever Guidelines Issued for Management of Peripheral Artery Disease - Doctor's Guide, 3/24/06
• Peripheral Arterial Disease - Medscape, 10/24/05
• Timing of Interventions in PAD - Physician's Weekly, 9/5/05
• Stanford Patient Is First To Test New Treatment For Peripheral Arterial Disease - Science Daily, 3/30/05
• Peripheral Arterial Disease Undertreated Around the World - Doctor's Guide, 3/8/05
• Heart Failure More Prevalent in Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease - Doctor's Guide, 9/16/04
• Lowering Homocysteine Levels May Reduce Stroke Risk in Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease - Doctor's Guide, 5/26/03
• Ultrasound Thrombolysis Effective for Peripheral Occlusive Artery Disease - Doctor's Guide, 4/3/03
• Aggressive Blood Pressure Control Reduces Cardiovascular Events in Diabetics with Peripheral Arterial Disease - Doctor's Guide, 11/18/02
• Pulse Oximetric Toe Pressure Useful In Detecting Peripheral Arterial Disease In Diabetics - Doctor's Guide, 5/9/02
• Secondary Prevention in Peripheral Arterial Disease Patients Needs Improvement - Doctor's Guide, 3/19/02
• Sirolimus-Coated Nitinol Stent Prevents Restenosis in Peripheral Artery Disease - Doctor's Guide, 1/23/02
• Diabetes Reduces Lower Extremity Function In Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease - Doctor's Guide, 1/18/02
• Percutaneous Interventions for Peripheral Arterial Disease Said as Effective as Surgery, But Much Less Costly - Doctor's Guide, 11/27/01
• Artery Disease [peripheral arterial disease] May Be Undertreated - Intelihealth, 9/19/01