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Interleukin 6 (IL-6)
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Omega-3 Polyunsaturated
Fatty Acids can Reduce IL-6 and TNF Levels in Patients with Cancer - Br J
Nutr 2022 Mar 7 - "Omega-3 PUFAs can reduce circulating
IL-6 and TNF levels in patients with cancer. Results supported the
recommendation of omega-3 PUFAs as adjuvant therapy for patients with cancer,
possibly excluding head and neck cancer, owing to their anti-inflammatory
properties" - See omega-3 supplements at Amazon.com.
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Aged Garlic Extract Reduces
IL-6: A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial in Females with a Low Risk of
Cardiovascular Disease - Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2021 Mar 3 -
"Chronic inflammation is a risk factor for
cardiovascular disease ... The present study concludes that AGE lowers IL-6 in
females with a risk profile of cardiovascular disease" - See
aged garlic at Amazon.com.
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An updated systematic review
and dose-response meta-analysis of the randomized controlled trials on the
effects of Alpha-Lipoic acid supplementation on inflammatory biomarkers -
Int J Vitam Nutr Res 2021 Apr 8 - "The findings of the
meta-analysis showed that ALA supplementation significantly reduced CRP (WMD:
-0.69 mg/L, 95% CI: -1.13, -0.26, P=0.002), IL-6 (WMD: -1.83 pg/ml, 95% CI:
-2.90, -0.76, P=0.001), and TNF-α concentrations (WMD: -0.45 pg/ml, 95% CI:
-0.85, -0.04, P=0.032). No evidence of departure from linearity was observed
between dose and duration of the ALA supplementation on serum CRP, IL-6 and
TNF-α concentration. In subgroup analysis, ALA dosage, baseline concentrations
of the parameter, sample size, and gender were considered as possible sources of
heterogeneity. In summary, ALA supplementation improves inflammatory markers
without any evidence of non-linear association to dose or duration of the trial"
- See alpha lipoic acid at Amazon.com.
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Choline Intake as Supplement
or as a Component of Eggs Increases Plasma Choline and Reduces Interleukin-6
without Modifying Plasma Cholesterol in Participants with Metabolic Syndrome
- Nutrients 2020 Oct 13 - "Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is
characterized by low-grade inflammation and insulin resistance, which increase
the risk of heart disease. Eggs have numerous nutrients including choline,
carotenoids, and fat-soluble vitamins that may protect against these conditions.
Egg phosphatidylcholine (PC) is a major contributor of dietary choline in the
American diet. However, uncertainty remains regarding eggs due to their high
concentration of cholesterol. In this study, we evaluated the effect of two
sources of choline, whole eggs (a source of PC) and a choline supplement
(choline bitartrate, CB), on plasma lipids, glucose, insulin resistance, and
inflammatory biomarkers ... We recruited 23 subjects with MetS to participate in
this randomized cross-over intervention. After a 2-week washout, with no choline
intake, participants were randomly allocated to consume three eggs/day or CB
(~400 mg choline/d for both) for 4 weeks. After a 3-week washout period, they
were allocated to the alternate treatment. Dietary records indicated higher
concentrations of vitamin E and selenium during the egg period (p < 0.01).
Interestingly, there were no changes in plasma total, low density lipoprotein
(LDL)- or high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, triglycerides, or glucose,
compared either to baseline or between treatments. In contrast, interleukin-6
was reduced, with both sources of choline compared to baseline, while eggs also
had an effect on lowering C-reactive protein, insulin, and insulin resistance
compared to baseline. This study demonstrates that in a MetS population, intake
of three eggs per day does not increase plasma LDL cholesterol, and has
additional benefits on biomarkers of disease compared to a choline supplement,
possibly due to the presence of other antioxidants in eggs" - See
citicholine at Amazon.com and
iHerb.
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Effects of Long-Term
Administration of Multi-Strain Probiotic on Circulating Levels of BDNF, NGF,
IL-6 and Mental Health in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis: A Randomized,
Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial - Nutr Neurosci 2020 Jun 5;1-12 -
"Patients were randomized into intervention and control
groups to receive 2 multi-strain probiotic capsules or placebo, daily for six
months ... From baseline to 6 months, probiotic supplementation resulted in a
significant increase in BDNF and a significant reduction in the IL-6 levels (P <
0.001). Our findings revealed that probiotic supplementation compared to placebo
caused a significant improvement in the general health questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28)
(-5.31 ± 4.62 vs. -1.81 ± 4.23; P = 0.002), Beck Depression Inventory-II
(BDI-II) (-4.81 ± 0.79 vs. -1.90 ± 0.96; P = 0.001), Fatigue Severity Scale
(FSS) (-3.81 ± 6.56 vs. 0.24 ± 5.44; P = 0.007) and Pain Rating Index (PRI) ...
Overall, six months of probiotic supplementation resulted in greater improvement
in mental health parameters" - See
probiotic supplements at Amazon.com
and
iHerb.
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Tackling Inflammation to Fight Age-Related Ailments - NYT, 12/23/19 -
"Specialists in the biology of aging have identified a
rarely recognized yet universal condition that is a major contributor to a wide
range of common health-robbing ailments, from heart disease, diabetes and cancer
to arthritis, depression and Alzheimer’s disease. That condition is chronic
inflammation, a kind of low-grade irritant that can undermine the well-being of
virtually every bodily system ... recent studies have identified measures
potentially available to everyone that can minimize the potency of chronic
inflammation and stymie — and possibly even reverse — its progression. The
measures will come as no surprise to people familiar with the healthful advice
that has been offered in this column for many years: Adopt a wholesome diet
(details to follow), get regular exercise, avoid or reduce excess weight, get
adequate quality sleep, minimize stress and don’t smoke ... As people age, their
immune responses become less well regulated, resulting in elevated blood levels
of inflammatory substances like C-reactive protein and chemokines, and allowing
inflammatory agents like interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-a
(TNF-alpha) to persist in body tissues ... The drug metformin, commonly used to
treat Type 2 diabetes, is known to have an anti-inflammatory effect and will be
tested for its ability to delay the development of age-related diseases in a
forthcoming trial called TAME, the acronym for Targeting Aging with Metformin
... Another consequence of aging is the accumulation of so-called senescent
cells, normal cells that stop dividing, contribute to tissue aging and secrete
substances like cytokines that induce inflammation. Elimination of senescent
cells can counter chronic inflammation, said Steven N. Austad, director of aging
studies at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. A combination of two drugs,
dasatinib and quercetin, was shown in a Mayo Clinic study in obese mice to
remove senescent cells and permit cell growth to resume in the brain ... Dr. Hu
recommends frequent consumption of foods known to have an anti-inflammatory
effect. They include green leafy vegetables like spinach, kale and collards;
fatty fish like salmon, mackerel, tuna and sardines; fruits like strawberries,
blueberries, apples, grapes, oranges and cherries; nuts like almonds and
walnuts; and olive oil. The recommended plant foods contain natural antioxidants
and polyphenols, and the fish are rich in omega-3 fatty acids, all of which
counter inflammation ... get regular dental cleanings to control periodontal
disease, which can be a source of chronic inflammation ... be judicious in the
use of antibiotics, antacids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
that can disrupt the normally healthy population of microorganisms in the gut
and result in “a leaky gut that lets bacteria into circulation and is very
pro-inflammatory" - See
quercetin at Amazon.com.
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Probiotic Streptococcus
thermophilus FP4 and Bifidobacterium breve BR03 Supplementation Attenuates
Performance and Range-of-Motion Decrements Following Muscle Damaging Exercise
- Nutrients. 2016 Oct 14;8(10) - "Probiotic
supplementation resulted in an overall decrease in circulating IL-6, which was
sustained to 48 h post-exercise. In addition, probiotic supplementation likely
enhanced isometric average peak torque production at 24 to 72 h into the
recovery period following exercise (probiotic-placebo point effect ±90% CI: 24
h, 11% ± 7%; 48 h, 12% ± 18%; 72 h, 8% ± 8%). Probiotics also likely moderately
increased resting arm angle at 24 h (2.4% ± 2.0%) and 48 h (1.9% ± 1.9%)
following exercise, but effects on soreness and flexed arm angle and CK were
unclear. These data suggest that dietary supplementation with probiotic strains
S. thermophilus FP4 and B. breve BR03 attenuates performance decrements and
muscle tension in the days following muscle-damaging exercise" - [Nutra
USA] - See Garden of Life Primal Defense
ULTRA 180 Capsules at Amazon.com.
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The Effect
of Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation on Pro-Inflammatory Factors and Adiponectin in
Mildly Hypertensive Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled
Trial - Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2015;85(3-4):156-64 -
"Sixty mildly hypertensive patients were randomly divided into two groups:
placebo (PG, n = 30) and coenzyme Q10 (QG, n = 30). The QG was given 1 capsule
containing 100 mg Q10 per day ... The mean enhancement in adiponectin of QG was
significantly higher than PG (from 21.1 ± 14.5 to 24.2 ± 15.5 ng/ml, P = 0.04).
Significant declines in the median of IL6 (from 23 to 16 pg/ml, P = 0.001) and
in the mean of hs-CRP were also observed in QG after intervention (from 3.53 ±
3.36 to 2.62 ± 2.51 mg/L, P = 0.03)" - See
ubiquinol products at Amazon.com.
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Effect of
Vitamin D3 supplementation in combination with weight loss on inflammatory
biomarkers in postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial - Cancer
Prev Res (Phila). 2015 Apr 23 - "In conclusion, Vitamin
D3 supplementation in combination with weight-loss of at least 5% of baseline
weight was associated with significant reductions in levels of IL-6" -
See
vitamin D at Amazon.com.
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Combined
lowering of low grade systemic inflammation and insulin resistance in metabolic
syndrome patients treated with Ginkgo biloba - Atherosclerosis. 2014 Oct 18
- "In a clinical pilot study with eleven metabolic
syndrome patients, a simultaneous decrease in hs-CRP from 8.85 ± 4.09 to 4.92 ±
2.51 mg/L (-44.4%) (p < 0.0436) and HOMA-IR from 3.07 ± 0.63 to 2.60 ± 0.51mU/L
× mg/dL (-15.3%) (p < 0.0120) as well as a beneficial change of
arteriosclerotic, inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers were detected
after 2-month treatment with Ginkgo biloba. Furthermore, both IL-6 (-12.9%, p <
0.0407) and nanoplaque formation (-14.3%, p < 0.0077) were additionally reduced"
- See
Ginkgo biloba at Amazon.com.
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Selenium is
inversely associated with interleukin-6 in the elderly - J Nutr Health
Aging. 2013;17(3):280-4 - "A total of 336 subjects aged
65 years and older (range of age: 65 - 101 years) were recruited from eight
long-term care facilities in 2002-2003 ... Selenium deficiency was defined as
serum selenium concentration < 80 μg/L ... The prevalence of selenium deficiency
was 35.6% in men and 43.2% in women, respectively. After adjusting for potential
confounders using multiple logistic regression analysis, interleukin-6 quartiles
were significantly associated with selenium deficiency. Compared to the
interleukin-6 quartile I, the adjusted odds ratios of having selenium deficiency
for interleukin-6 quartile II, III, IV were 1.00(0.50~2.01), 1.24 (0.62~2.50),
and 2.35(1.15~4.83), respectively" - See
se-methylselenocysteine at Amazon.com.
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Effects of
telmisartan therapy on interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels: a
meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials - Hypertens Res. 2012 Dec 13 -
"A recent meta-analysis of randomized head-to-head
trials suggests that therapy with telmisartan, an angiotensin II receptor
blocker (ARB) and partial agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated
receptor-gamma, may increase adiponectin levels more strongly than other ARB
therapies. Therefore, telmisartan would be expected to reduce interleukin-6
(IL-6) or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) ... based on a meta-analysis of
nine randomized controlled trials, telmisartan therapy is likely effective in
reducing IL-6 and TNF-α levels" - See my
Telmisartan as a first line
treatment for hypertension page. See telmisartan at
OffshoreRx1.com.
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Omega-3
supplements may slow a biological effect of aging - Science Daily, 10/1/12 -
"In the study, lengthening of telomeres in immune system
cells was more prevalent in people who substantially improved the ratio of
omega-3s to other fatty acids in their diet ... Omega-3 supplementation also
reduced oxidative stress, caused by excessive free radicals in the blood, by
about 15 percent compared to effects seen in the placebo group ... Study
participants took either 2.5 grams or 1.25 grams of active omega-3
polyunsaturated fatty acids ... The supplements were calibrated to contain a
ratio of the two cold-water fish oil fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)
and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), of seven to one ... the typical American diet
tends to be heavy on omega-6 fatty acids and comparatively low in omega-3s that
are naturally found in cold-water fish such as salmon and tuna. While the ratio
of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids averages about 15-to-1, researchers tend to
agree that for maximum benefit, this ratio should be lowered to 4-to-1, or even
2-to-1 ... when the researchers analyzed the participants' omega-6 to omega-3
ratio in relationship to telomere lengthening, a lower ratio was clearly
associated with lengthened telomeres ... omega-3 supplements lowered IL-6 by 10
to 12 percent, depending on the dose. By comparison, those taking a placebo saw
an overall 36 percent increase in IL-6 by the end of the study ... This finding
strongly suggests that inflammation is what's driving the changes in the
telomeres"
- See
Mega Twin EPA at Amazon.com
and
Jarrow Max DHA at Amazon.com.
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Omega-3
lowers inflammation in overweight older adults - Science Daily, 6/21/12 -
"Chronic inflammation is linked to numerous conditions,
including coronary heart disease, Type 2 diabetes, arthritis and Alzheimer's
disease, as well as the frailty and functional decline that can accompany aging
... Participants received either a placebo or one of two different doses of
omega-3 fatty acids -- either 2.5 grams or 1.25 grams per day ... After four
months, participants who had taken the omega-3 supplements had significantly
lower levels in their blood of two proteins that are markers of inflammation,
also called pro-inflammatory cytokines. The low-dose group showed an average 10
percent decrease in the cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6), and the high-dose group's
overall IL-6 dropped by 12 percent. In comparison, those taking a placebo saw an
overall 36 percent increase in IL-6 by the end of the study ... The current
typical American diet contains between 15 and 17 times more omega-6 than
omega-3, a ratio that researchers suggest should be lowered to 4-to-1, or even
2-to-1, to improve overall health" -
See
Mega Twin EPA at Amazon.com
and
Jarrow Max DHA at Amazon.com.
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Harvard study supports coffee’s anti-diabetes potential - Nutra USA,
9/21/11 - "Five cups of coffee per day for two
months were associated with significant metabolic benefits and live function
... the metabolic benefits were more pronounced in caffeinated coffee, a
result that supports the hypothesis that caffeine is responsible for some of
the apparent benefits ... Coffee is also a rich source of polyphenols ...
one cup of the stuff could provide 350 milligrams of phenolics ... Of these,
the most abundant compounds in coffee are chlorogenic acids, making up to 12
per cent of the green coffee bean. The most abundant of these compounds is
caffeic acid ... recruited 45 healthy, overweight coffee drinking 40 year
olds ... volunteers were asked to drink five cups of coffee per day of
instant caffeinated coffee, decaffeinated coffee, or water for eight weeks
... coffee consumption was associated with a 60% reduction in blood levels
of a compound called interleukin-6, which can promote inflammation, compared
with the water group ... In addition, levels of adiponectin – a hormone
released from fat cells that plays an important role in the regulation of
insulin sensitivity and energy – also decreased in the caffeinated, but not
decaffeinated group" - [Abstract]
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Omega-3 supplements show benefits against anxiety: Human data - Nutra
USA, 9/14/11 - "the Ohio State researchers recruited
68 medical students to participate in their parallel group,
placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. The med students were given either
placebo capsules or omega-3 capsules containing 2085 mg of EPA
(eicosapentaenoic acid) and 348 mg DHA (docosahexanoic acid) ... Results
showed a 14% reduction in levels of the production of pro-inflammatory
interleukin 6 (IL-6), as well as a 20% reduction in anxiety symptoms in the
omega-3 group, compared to the placebo group ... Proinflammatory cytokines
promote secretion of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), a primary
gateway to hormonal stress responses; CRH also stimulates the amygdala, a
key brain region for fear and anxiety. Accordingly, alterations in
inflammation could also influence anxiety" - [Abstract]
- See
Mega Twin EPA at Amazon.com
and
Jarrow Max DHA at Amazon.com.
Note: CRH increases cortisol. See:
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Omega-3 reduces anxiety and inflammation in healthy students, study suggests
- Science Daily, 7/13/11 - "A new study gauging the
impact of consuming more fish oil showed a marked reduction both in
inflammation and, surprisingly, in anxiety among a cohort of healthy young
people ... The supplement was probably about four or five times the amount
of fish oil you'd get from a daily serving of salmon ... But the
psychological surveys clearly showed an important change in anxiety among
the students: Those receiving the omega-3 showed a 20 percent reduction in
anxiety compared to the placebo group ... We saw a 14 percent reduction in
the amounts of IL-6 among the students receiving the omega-3." Since the
cytokines foster inflammation, "anything we can do to reduce cytokines is a
big plus in dealing with the overall health of people at risk for many
diseases,""
- See
Mega Twin EPA at Amazon.com
and
Jarrow Max DHA at iHerb.
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Vitamin E may boost immune function: Mouse study - Science Daily,
5/20/10 -
"The animals were fed 0.1 per cent Tocomin 50 per
cent (Carotech), which is a mixture of tocotrienols and alpha-tocopherols,
or a control diet containing only tocopherol, for six weeks ... Older mice
fed the tocotrienol supplement displayed a greater level of lymphocyte
proliferation, a marker of how quickly white blood cells can reproduce in
response to infection, than old mice fed the control ... mice of both ages
fed the tocotrienol supplement had higher levels of the interleukin-1beta, a
cytokine released by immune cells (macrophages). ... There are eight forms
of vitamin E: four tocopherols (alpha, beta, gamma, delta) and four
tocotrienols (alpha, beta, gamma, delta). Alpha-tocopherol (alpha-Toc) is
the main source found in supplements and in the European diet, while
gamma-tocopherol (gamma-Toc) is the most common form in the American diet"
- See
Jarrow FamilE (contains all eight members of the vitamin E family, includes
Tocomin) at Amazon.com.
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Chrysin
Suppresses IL-6-Induced Angiogenesis via Down-regulation of JAK1/STAT3 and
VEGF: An in Vitro and in Ovo Approach - J Agric Food Chem. 2010 May 5 -
"Chrysin may provide new therapeutic potential for
IL-6-induced pathological angiogenesis" - See
chrysin products at iHerb.
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Resveratrol attenuates angiotensin II-induced interleukin-6 expression and
perivascular fibrosis - Hypertens Res. 2009 Apr 17 -
"Resveratrol significantly attenuated Ang II-induced
IL-6 mRNA expression and IL-6 protein in the supernatant of VSMC in a
dose-dependent manner. Resveratrol suppressed the IL-6 gene promoter
activity. Resveratrol inhibited the Ang II-induced cAMP-response
element-binding protein and nuclear factor-kappa B activity, which are
critical for Ang II-induced IL-6 gene activation. An increase in the serum
concentration of IL-6 induced by Ang II infusion was attenuated by an oral
administration of resveratrol. Resveratrol also inhibited Ang II-induced
hypertension and perivascular fibrosis of the heart. Although hydralazine
reduced blood pressure level equal to resveratrol, it did not reduce the Ang
II-induced IL-6 production and perivascular fibrosis. These data suggest
that the inhibition of Ang II-induced vascular inflammation and high blood
pressure by resveratrol may contribute, at least in part, to the
anti-atherogenic effects of resveratrol" - See
resveratrol products at Amazon.com.
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Omega-3 DHA boost for heart health in high-risk men: Study - Nutra USA,
3/6/09 - "supplementation with DHA for 45 days
resulted in decreased levels of the number of circulating white blood cells
(neutrophils) by 11.7 per cent, and these reductions were maintained until
the end of the 90-day study (10.5 per cent reduction) ... levels of
C-reactive protein (CRP) had decreased by 15 per cent, and IL-6 had
decreased by 23 per cent ... Furthermore, levels of the anti-inflammatory
matrix metalloproteinase-2 rose by 7 per cent ... In conclusion, DHA may
lessen the inflammatory response by altering blood lipids and their fatty
acid composition" - [Abstract]
- See
Jarrow Max DHA at Amazon.com.
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DHA
Supplementation Decreases Serum C-Reactive Protein and Other Markers of
Inflammation in Hypertriglyceridemic Men - J Nutr. 2009 Jan 21 -
"DHA supplementation for 45 and 91 d decreased the
number of circulating neutrophils by 11.7 and 10.5%, respectively (P <
0.05). It did not alter the circulating concentrations of other inflammatory
markers tested within 45 d, but at 91 d it reduced (P < 0.05) concentrations
of C-reactive protein (CRP) by 15%, interleukin-6 by 23%, and granulocyte
monocyte-colony stimulating factor by 21% and DHA increased the
concentration of antiinflammatory matrix metalloproteinase-2 by 7%. The
number of circulating neutrophils was positively associated with the weight
percent (wt %) of 20:4(n-6) in RBC lipids, and negatively to the wt % of
20:5(n-3) and 22:6(n-3). Concentrations of CRP and serum amyloid A were
positively associated with the sum of SFA and negatively with the wt % of
18:1(n-9) and 17:0 in RBC lipids; CRP was also positively associated with
the wt % of 20:2(n-6). The mean size of VLDL particles was positively
associated with plasma concentrations of neutrophils and CRP. In conclusion,
DHA may lessen the inflammatory response by altering blood lipids and their
fatty acid composition" - See
Jarrow Max DHA at Amazon.com.
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Vitamin E Shows Possible Promise In Easing Chronic Inflammation -
Science Daily, 12/4/08 - "the larger take-home
message of the study, published in the December issue of the journal
Experimental Physiology, is that Vitamin E “may be beneficial in individuals
with chronic inflammation, such as the elderly or patients with type II
diabetes or chronic heart failure" - See
Jarrow FamilE (contains all eight members of the vitamin E family, includes
Tocomin) at Amazon.com.
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Anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty
acids and plant sterols in hyperlipidemic individuals - Atherosclerosis.
2008 Sep 27 - "The combination of n-3 PUFA and plant
sterols reduced several inflammatory markers. High sensitivity C-reactive
protein (hs-CRP) was reduced by 39% (P=0.009), tumor necrosis factor-alpha
(TNF-alpha) by 10% (P=0.02), interleukin-6 (IL-6) by 10.7% (P=0.009),
leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4)) by 29.5% (P=0.01) and adiponectin was increased by
29.5% (P=0.05). Overall cardiovascular risk was reduced by 22.6% (P=0.006)
in the combination group. CONCLUSION: We have demonstrated, for the first
time that dietary intervention with n-3 PUFA and plant sterols reduces
systemic inflammation in hyperlipidemic individuals. Furthermore, our
results suggest that reducing inflammation provides a potential mechanism by
which the combination of n-3 PUFA and plant sterols are cardioprotective"
- See
Mega Twin EPA at Amazon.com
and
Jarrow Max DHA at Amazon.com.
-
Red
Wine's Resveratrol May Help Battle Obesity - Science Daily, 6/16/08 -
"resveratrol inhibited the pre-fat cells from
increasing and prevented them from converting into mature fat cells. Also,
resveratrol hindered fat storage. Most interesting, according to
Fischer-Posovszky, was that resveratrol reduced production of certain
cytokines (interleukins 6 and 8), substances that may be linked to the
development of obesity-related disorders, such as diabetes and clogged
coronary arteries. Also, resveratrol stimulated formation of a protein known
to decrease the risk of heart attack. Obesity decreases this substance,
called adiponectin" - See
resveratrol products at Amazon.com.
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Probiotics may offer hay fever hope - Nutra USA, 6/3/08 -
"Hayfever is an allergic reaction to pollen or
fungal spores, most commonly grass pollen. The immune system mistakes the
spores for harmful invaders and white blood cells - T-helper type 2 (Th2)
lymphocytes - produce protein-like cytokines, such as interleukin-4 (IL-4),
IL-5 and IL-6, which in turn promote the synthesis of the immune chemicals
immunoglobulins (Ig) to bind to the pollen and fight them off ... However,
supplementation with the probiotic led to reduced production of IL-5 and
IL-6, as well as decreased in the production of IgE ... The
probiotic-supplemented volunteers had significantly reduced levels of IL-5
and IL-6" - [Abstract]
- See
probiotics at Amazon.com.
-
Oral delivery of
Lactobacillus casei Shirota modifies allergen-induced immune responses in
allergic rhinitis - Clin Exp Allergy. 2008 May 28 -
"Lactobacillus casei Shirota (LcS) ... Volunteers
treated with LcS showed a significant reduction in levels of antigen-induced
IL-5, IL-6 and IFN-gamma production compared with volunteers supplemented
with placebo. Meanwhile, levels of specific IgG increased and IgE decreased
in the probiotic group" - See
probiotics at Amazon.com.
-
Luteolin reduces IL-6 production in microglia by inhibiting JNK
phosphorylation and activation of AP-1 - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008
May 19 - "Luteolin consumption reduced LPS-induced
IL-6 in plasma 4 h after injection. Furthermore, luteolin decreased the
induction of IL-6 mRNA by LPS in hippocampus but not in the cortex or
cerebellum. Taken together, these data suggest luteolin inhibits LPS-induced
IL-6 production in the brain by inhibiting the JNK signaling pathway and
activation of AP-1 in microglia. Thus, luteolin may be useful for mitigating
neuroinflammation" - See
luteolin products
at iHerb.
-
Plant Flavonoid In Celery And Green Peppers Found To Reduce Inflammatory
Response In The Brain - Science Daily, 5/20/08 -
"The new study looked at luteolin (LOO-tee-OH-lin), a plant flavonoid known
to impede the inflammatory response in several types of cells outside the
central nervous system ... Those cells that were also exposed to luteolin
showed a significantly diminished inflammatory response. Jang showed that
luteolin was shutting down production of a key cytokine in the inflammatory
pathway, interleukin-6 (IL-6). The effects of luteolin exposure were
dramatic, resulting in as much as a 90 percent drop in IL-6 production in
the LPS-treated cells ... Inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 are
very well known to inhibit certain types of learning and memory that are
under the control of the hippocampus, and the hippocampus is also very
vulnerable to the insults of aging ... If you had the potential to decrease
the production of inflammatory cytokines in the brain you could potentially
limit the cognitive deficits that result" - See
luteolin at Amazon.com.
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Dietary choline and betaine intakes in relation to concentrations of
inflammatory markers in healthy adults: the ATTICA study - Am J Clin
Nutr. 2008 Feb;87(2):424-30 - "Compared with the
lowest tertile of choline intake (<250 mg/d), participants who consumed >310
mg/d had, on average, 22% lower concentrations of C-reactive protein (P <
0.05), 26% lower concentrations of interleukin-6 (P < 0.05), and 6% lower
concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha" - See
citicholine at Amazon.com.
-
Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet Is Inversely Associated With Circulating
Interleukin-6 Among Middle-Aged Men. A Twin Study - Circulation. 2007
Dec 17 - "A 1-unit within-pair absolute difference
in the diet score was associated with a 9% (95% CI, 4.5 to 13.6) lower
interleukin-6 level"
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Study gives vitamin K anti-inflammation boost - Nutra USA, 12/3/07 -
"Limited in vitro data support the inverse
association between vitamin K and interleukin-6, and this may influence the
association between vitamin K and other cytokines, such as osteoprotegerin"
- [Abstract]
- See
vitamin K at Amazon.com.
-
Vitamin K and Vitamin D Status: Associations with Inflammatory Markers in
the Framingham Offspring Study - Am J Epidemiol. 2007 Nov 15 -
"Vitamin K status, measured by plasma phylloquinone
concentration and phylloquinone intake, was inversely associated with
circulating inflammatory markers as a group and with several individual
inflammatory biomarkers" - See
vitamin K at Amazon.com.
-
Gamma-tocopherol and docosahexaenoic acid decrease inflammation in dialysis
patients - J Ren Nutr. 2007 Sep;17(5):296-304 -
"gamma tocopherol (308 mg) and DHA (800 mg) ... In the treatment group, but
not in the placebo group, there were significant decreases in IL-6 (21.4 +/-
3.5 to 16.8 +/- 3.7 pg/mL), white blood cell (WBC) count (7.4 +/- 0.3 to 6.9
+/- 0.4 10(3)/microL), and neutrophil fraction of WBCs (4.8 +/- 0.3 to 4.4
+/- 0.3 10(3)/microL), at P < .05 for all"
- Clinical Update on
Benefits of DHEA - A4M, 4/6/04 -
"Recently, researchers discovered important
anti-inflammatory properties of DHEA. It was known that DHEA can lower the
levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)"
- See
iHerb or
Vitacost
DHEA products.
-
Effects of combined administration of vitamins C and E on reactive hyperemia
and inflammatory process in chronic smokers - Atherosclerosis. 2003
Oct;170(2):261-7 - "short term administration of
vitamins C (2 g/day) and E (800 IU/day) reduces serum levels of IL-1b, IL-6,
sVCAM-1 and sICAM-1, and improves forearm vasodilatory response to reactive
hyperemia in healthy young smokers, while monotherapy with vitamin C alone
is ineffective" - See
iHerb or
Vitacost
vitamin E products.
- Mediterranean Diet
Lowers C-reactive Protein Levels - Medscape, 11/11/03 -
"For each 10-point increase in diet score, there was
a corresponding 0.22 mg/dL reduction in
C-reactive protein levels, a 0.21 pg/ml reduction in interleukin-6, a
12.5 mg/dL decrease in fibrinogen, and a 0.87 mmol/L decrease in
homocysteine levels (P < .05), he said. Also, white blood cell count
decreased significantly"
-
Plasma interleukin-6 is associated with psychological coronary risk factors:
Moderation by use of multivitamin supplements - Brain Behav Immun. 2003
Aug;17(4):296-303 - "Plasma IL-6 was independently
associated with anger, hostility, and severity of depressive symptoms ...
Multivitamin use was associated with lower plasma IL-6 levels, but only
among men with high composite factor scores ... These data suggest that
plasma IL-6 is elevated among healthy men characterized by a propensity for
anger, a hostile disposition, and greater severity of depressive symptoms
and that multivitamin supplements could ameliorate plasma IL-6 levels among
these men"
-
Omega-3 Fatty Acid Reduces Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines In Heart Transplant
Patients - Doctor's Guide, 4/11/02 -
"gave 25 stable heart transplant patients two
capsules of omega-3 fatty acid daily - each
capsule contained 500 mg of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic
acid (EPA) ... The results suggest that omega-3 fatty acid supplementation
increased concentrations of the anti-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-10, from
119 to 268 pg/mL (p=0.00008). There were reductions in systemic levels of
pro-inflammatory IL-12, from 473 to 376 pg/mL (p=0.001), and IL-6, from 695
to 569 pg/mL (p<0.0001)"
Other News:
-
IL-6 Levels Tied to
Progression of Diabetic Kidney Disease - Medscape, 6/14/21 -
"those patients with the highest IL-6 levels in the
upper tertile had a faster and worse progression [of diabetic kidney disease]
... Indeed, compared to patients in the lowest IL-6 baseline tertile, those in
the highest IL-6 tertile had a more than 3.5-fold greater risk of progressing to
the primary endpoint on multivariate analysis ... we encourage the use of SGLT-2
inhibitors [in this patient population] as they appear to have a promising
future in the treatment of diabetic kidney disease"
-
IL-6 and IL-10 are
associated with disease severity and higher comorbidity in adults with COVID-19
- Cytokine 2021 Mar 26 - "Older adults with COVID-19 had
higher serum levels of IL-6 and IL-10 as compared to those under 65 years of age
(p < 0.001 and p = 0.003, respectively). IL-10 was independently associated with
age (p = 0.04) and severity of the disease (p = 0.05), whereas serum levels of
IL-6 were not directly associated with age (p = 0.5). The comorbidity index
seems to be the main responsible for this, being significantly associated with
IL-6 levels among those aged 65 and over (p = 0.007), in addition to the
severity of the disease"
-
Biophysicist targeting IL-6 to halt breast, prostate cancer - Science
Daily, 4/19/11 - "There is an inherent connection
between inflammation and cancer ... In the case of breast cancers, a medical
review systematically tabulated IL-6 levels in various categories of cancer
patients, all showing that IL-6 levels elevated up to 40-fold, especially in
later stages, metastatic cases and recurrent cases ... The current research
offers us an exciting new therapeutic paradigm: targeting tumor
microenvironment and inhibiting tumor stem cell renewal, leading to a really
effective way to overcome breast tumor drug resistance, inhibiting tumor
metastasis and stopping tumor recurrence" - Note: See the
"Alternative News" section of my IL-6 page
and my inflammation page for ways to reduce
IL-6.
-
Scientists Develop Nasal Spray That Improves Memory - Science Daily,
10/1/09
-
Potential Treatment To Prevent Diabetes And Obesity Using Interleukin-6
- Science Daily, 10/17/08
-
Inflammatory Markers and Albuminuria Independently Predict Heart Failure
- Medscape, 5/2/08 - "Interleukin (IL)-6, C-reactive
protein, and macroalbuminuria are significant predictors of congestive heart
failure, independent of obesity and other established risk factors" -
Also see my inflammation page for ways to
reduce it.
-
Elevated IL-6 Levels Associated With Increased Atrial Fibrillation Risk
- Medscape, 2/26/08 - "a doubling of IL-6 level was
independently associated with a 49% increase in the odds of developing AF"
-
Effects of Ramipril on
Endothelial Function and the Expression of Proinflammatory Cytokines and
Adhesion Molecules in Young Normotensive Subjects With Successfully Repaired
Coarctation of Aorta A Randomized Cross-Over Study - J Am Coll Cardiol.
2008 Feb 19;51(7):742-749 - "Ramipril reversed the
impaired endothelial function and decreased the expression of
proinflammatory cytokine IL-6, sCD40L, and adhesion molecules in
normotensive subjects with SCR. These findings imply that ramipril treatment
may have antiatherogenic effects in subjects with SCR, even in the absence
of arterial hypertension" - Note: Ramipril was my
first line choice
for combo therapy.
-
Mild Depression Tied to Bone Loss - WebMD, 11/26/07 -
"Even mild depression may significantly increase a
woman's risk for developing osteoporosis ... An inflammatory protein that
has specifically been linked to bone loss -- interleukin-6 -- was found to
be significantly elevated in the women with depression"
-
The role of interleukin-6 in insulin resistance, body fat distribution and
energy balance - Obes Rev. 2007 Oct 23 - "Its
quantitative release from adipose tissue results in a subclinical, systemic
elevation of IL-6 plasma levels with increasing body fat content, which may
be implicated in the proinflammatory state leading to insulin resistance. On
the other hand, IL-6 produced in the working muscle during physical activity
could act as an energy sensor by activating AMP-activated kinase and
enhancing glucose disposal, lipolysis and fat oxidation. In addition, both
impaired IL-6 secretion and action are risk factors for weight gain"
-
Human C-reactive Protein Regulates Myeloma Tumor Cell Growth And Survival
- Science Daily, 9/15/07 - "CRP protects myeloma
cells from apoptosis induced by chemotherapy drugs and stimulates myeloma
cells to secrets more IL-6, which in turn provides additional protection to
myeloma from apoptosis and stimulates liver cells to secrete more CRP. Thus,
CRP could be a therapeutic target for breaking the vicious circle of myeloma
to improve the therapeutic efficacy of currently available treatments"
-
Why
Liver Cancer Is More Prevalent In Males Than In Females - Science Daily,
7/5/07 - "By eliminating IL-6, we reduced the
incidence of liver cancer in the males by close to 90%"
- The Role of IL-6 in
Inflammatory Diseases - Medscape, 6/4/07
-
Two
Markers Strongly Linked To Prostate Cancer Incidence And Mortality Almost A
Decade Prior To Diagnosis - Science Daily, 11/14/06 -
"Increased levels of two markers of inflammation,
interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP), are significantly
associated with prostate cancer incidence and mortality almost a decade
prior to diagnosis"
-
Cytokines Play Role in Sleep Disorders, Obesity - Clinical Psychiatry
News, 10/06 - "Interventions to reduce or neutralize
proinflammatory cytokines may be novel treatments in patients with sleep
disorders and obesity ... Three inflammation-associated cytokines—tumor
necrosis factor-α (TNF-α, interleukin-1 (IL-1), and IL-6—are elevated in
obese and sleep-deprived patients, and may mediate excessive daytime
sleepiness and fatigue"
-
Researchers Find Added Benefit of Statins in Those at High Risk for Heart
Disease, Diabetes - Doctor's Guide, 9/13/06 -
"found marked reductions in two pivotal biomarkers
of inflammation: C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6. While these
markers are typically elevated in insulin resistance, a condition that
precedes the development of diabetes, statin therapy reduced these levels by
36% and 44%, respectively"
-
Chemical can slow memory - USA Today, 3/1/06 -
"The team discovered that people with the highest IL-6 levels had the worst
scores. These low performers didn't have scores that signaled Alzheimer's,
but they had a less-than-stellar ability to multi-task or to remember new
information"
-
Is Interleukin-6 The "Holy Grail" Of Exercise Mediation? - Science
Daily, 10/11/04
-
Interleukin-6 stimulates lipolysis and fat oxidation in humans - J Clin
Endocrinol Metab. 2003 Jul;88(7):3005-10
-
Low-dose Periostat (Doxycycline) Shows Benefits in Patients with Heart
Failure - Doctor's Guide, 11/20/02 -
"At six-month follow-up, sub-antimicrobial dose
doxycyline significantly reduced CRP levels by 45.8 percent compared to
baseline values (p<0.05). The drug was also associated with a 33.5 percent
reduction in interleukin-6 and a 50 percent reduction in metalloproteinase
... The findings are exciting, since research is now showing that CRP is
both a key marker of inflammation leading to future acute coronary events,
but also that CRP itself may contribute to the initiation and progression of
atherosclerosis"
-
C-Reactive Protein, IL-6 Levels Tied to Heart Disease in Postmenopausal
Women - Doctor's Guide, 8/28/02 -
"Baseline levels of the inflammatory biomarkers
C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) are independently
associated with a two-fold increase in risk of healthy postmenopausal women
developing coronary heart disease (CHD)"
- Another Study
Suggests Inflammation May Trigger Diabetes - WebMD, 7/17/01 -
"The immune system and inflammation may be factors
causing type 2 diabetes ... women who had high levels of immune system
substances called C-reactive protein or interleukin-6, or both, in their
blood were more likely to develop type 2 diabetes ... Both C-reactive
protein, called CRP, and interleukin-6, or IL-6, are considered indicators
for inflammation"
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