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Antiaging Research > Indole-3-Carbinol
Indole-3-Carbinol (I3C)
Specific Recommendations:
Related Topics:
News & Research:
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Natural
compound in vegetables helps fight fatty liver disease - Science Daily,
2/7/20 - "The National Cancer Institute also notes the
benefits of indole-3-carbinol found in cruciferous vegetables, including their
anti-inflammatory and cancer-fighting properties ... treatment of
NAFLD-mimicking animal models with indole significantly decreased fat
accumulation and inflammation in the liver ... in addition to reducing the
amount of fat in liver cells, indole also acts on cells in the intestine, which
send out molecular signals that dampen inflammation ... "Foods with a high
capacity of indole production or medicines that mimic its effects may be new
therapies for treatment of NAFLD" - See Indole-3-carbinol at Amazon.com.
-
How
dietary supplement may block cancer cells - Science Daily, 6/29/10 -
"The research showed that I3C causes the destruction
of that molecule and thereby blocks the growth of breast cancer cells ...
Cdc25A is present at abnormally high levels in about half of breast cancer
cases, and it is associated with a poor prognosis ... The molecule also
occurs at abnormally high levels in cancers of the breast, prostate, liver,
esophagus, endometrium and colon, and in non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and in other
diseases such as Alzheimer's disease ... I3C can have striking effects on
cancer cells ... When the substance was given orally to the mice, it reduced
tumor size by up to 65 percent. They also showed that I3C had no affect on
breast-cell tumors in which the Cdc25A molecule had a mutation in that key
location"
- Indole-3: A Broccoli
Cure? - Dr. Weil, 9/15/06
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Broccoli Compound Targets Key Enzyme In Late-stage Cancer - Science
Daily, 12/14/08 - "The new findings are the first to
explain how indole-3-carbinol (I3C) stops cell growth, and thus provides the
basis for designing improved versions of the chemical that would be more
effective as a drug and could work against a broader range of breast as well
as prostate tumors ... I3C inhibits the enzyme elastase, which at high
levels in breast cancer cells heralds a poor prognosis: decreased response
to chemotherapy, reduced response to endocrine treatment and reduced
survival rates" - See
indole-3-carbinol at Amazon.com
 .
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Broccoli compound may inhibit lung cancer from tobacco smoke: Study -
Nutra USA, 12/8/08 - "exposed experimental mice to
carcinogenic compounds found in tobacco smoke called
4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) plus benzo(a)pyrene
(BaP) ... This resulted in an average of 21 tumours per mouse after 16
weeks. However, mice fed diets containing 1, 10, 30, 71, and 112 micromoles
per gram of I3C were found to have reductions in the number of tumours by
15, 51, 53, 75, and 88 per cent, respectively"
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Broccoli compound identified for heart benefits - Nutra USA, 10/3/07 -
"the indole-based compound, indole-3-carbinol, was
able to reduce the secretion of apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB) by 56 per cent,
and thereby confer cardiovascular benefits"
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Broccoli chemical's cancer check - BBC News, 2/7/06 -
"A chemical in vegetables such as broccoli,
cauliflower and cabbage can boost DNA repair in cells and may stop them
becoming cancerous ... Vegetables such as broccoli were found to contain a
compound called I3C"
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I3C
& DIM - Natural, Dual-Action Protection Against Deadly Cancers
- Life Extension Magazine, 1/06 - "Mounting
preclinical and clinical evidence indicate[s] that indole-3-carbinol (I3C),
a key bio-active food component in cruciferous vegetables, has multiple
anticarcinogenic and antitumorigenic properties"
- Ward off cancer with a
Japanese diet - MSNBC, 12/17/04 -
"Cruciferous vegetables make a unique contribution
to good health. They contain natural substances called glucosinolates that
break down in the body to form indoles and other compounds that fight cancer
development in several different ways"
-
I3C May
Reverse Autoimmunity and Extend Life Span - Life Extension Magazine,
9/04 -
"So the question remains: by ameliorating
autoimmunity, could I3C increase longevity in humans? Time will tell.
Meanwhile, consider that rodents who took their I3C supplements were
scurrying around in a laboratory in New York at the equivalent of 120 human
years"
- Can Broccoli
Prevent Lupus? - WebMD, 11/6/03 -
"I3C is believed to act as an anti-estrogen ... At
12 months of age, 80% of the mice fed the I3C diet from soon after birth
were alive, compared with only 10% of the non-supplemented mice. Normal mice
live from one to two years ... I3C-fed mice had far fewer kidney problems
than the mice whose diets were not supplemented, and researchers say this is
the reason that they lived much longer. Kidney disease is one of the main,
life-threatening complications of lupus" - See
indole-3-carbinol at Amazon.com.
- A Broccoli Cure? - Dr.
Weil, 10/23/02
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Prostate Cancer and I3C - Life Extension Magazine, 5/02 -
"Studies show that I3C changes not only estrogen metabolism, but
testosterone and androsterone as well. Its hormone-altering action may help
protect against hormone mimickers such as the drugs implanted in food
animals. It has been confirmed that whether a hormone is the real thing, a
drug facsimilie or a chemical, I3C will neutralize it"
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Does Vitamin E Prevent Breast Cancer? - Life Extension Magazine, 5/02 -
"premenopausal women with a family history who
consumed the highest quantity of vitamin E
enjoyed a 43% reduction in breast cancer
incidence compared to only a 16% risk reduction for women without a family
history of breast cancer.[11] Based on this study, vitamin E appears to
protect against genetic- predisposed breast cancer better than
environmental-induced breast cancer. (Note that nutrients like
indole-3-carbinol may specifically protect against environmental breast
carcinogens.)"
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I have read
that Indole-3-Carbinol (I3C) actually increases the activity of aromatase
enzyme and that DIM does not - Life Extension Magazine, 3/01 -
"In one study, men received
I3C for one week; a profile of 13 estrogens was measured. The results
were that I3C significantly increased the urinary excretion of C-2
estrogens. The urinary concentrations of nearly all other estrogen
metabolites, including levels of estradiol, estrone, estriol and 16
alpha-hydroxyestrone, were lower after I3C treatment [J Natl Cancer Inst
1997 May 21;89(10):718-23]. On the other hand, studies have shown that
DIM can actually induce
aromatase activity with a two-fold increase [Toxicol Sci 2001
May;61(1):40-8]" - The following are the two references for that
statement:
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2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and Diindolylmethanes Differentially
Induce Cytochrome P450 1A1, 1B1, and 19 in H295R Human Adrenocortical
Carcinoma Cells - Toxicol Sci 2001 May;61(1):40-8 -
"DIM, but not TCDD, induced aromatase activity with an apparently
maximal 2-fold increase at 10 µM; higher concentrations of DIM and many
of its analogs were cytotoxic"
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Changes in levels of urinary estrogen metabolites after oral indole-3-
carbinol treatment in humans - J Natl Cancer Inst 1997 May
21;89(10):718-23 -
"In both men and women, I3C significantly
increased the urinary excretion of C-2 estrogens. The urinary
concentrations of nearly all other estrogen metabolites, including
levels of estradiol, estrone, estriol, and 16alpha- hydroxyestrone, were
lower after I3C treatment"
- So if C-2 estrogens are increased, is that bad in men? I don't know.
The following are all I could find:
- Estrogen
Metabolism - immunacare.com -
"C-2 metabolites are essentially devoid of
peripheral biological activity, as shown in studies on uterine weight,
gonadotrophin secretion, and cell proliferation {1}. 2-Hydroxyestrogen
has even been found to exert a modest anti-estrogenic effect {2,3}, and
has been called "the good estrogen" {4}. The 16a-hydroxylated
metabolites, 16a-hydroxyestrone (16OHE1) and estriol (E3), are estrogen
agonists {5}."
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Effects of Pesticides on the Ratio of 16/2-Hydroxyestrone: A Biologic
Marker of Breast Cancer Risk - Environmental Health Perspectives
103, Supplement 7, October 1995 -"Estradiol
metabolism proceeds by hydroxylation at one of two mutually exclusive
sites at C-2 and C-16. The catechol pathway yields the weakly estrogenic
2-hydroxyestrone (2-OHE1), which inhibits breast cell
proliferation" - If that means, and I think it does, that
the C-2 metabolites inhibit breast cell growth, that would definitely be
a good thing for men.
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Breast-Cancer Risk - Pondicherry.com, 6/00 -
"Earlier research has shown that hydroxylation
at the C-2 position produces metabolites with little or no estrogenic
activity and thus might be associated with decreased breast-cancer risk
... Women with predominately C-2 pathway by-products (those with low
activity) were 40 percent less likely to have developed breast cancer
during those five years"
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I3C
vs DIM - Life Extension Foundation, 1/02
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Mutated Hormones That Cause Cancer - Life Extension Foundation, 12/01 -
"The question arises, then, that if I3C and other
compounds can change the way our body's own estrogen behaves, could it do
the same to estrogen-mimicking chemicals? What about chemical estrogens?
Could I3C help us detoxify the estrogen-like chemicals in our milk jugs and
plastic wrap? The answer is probably. While definitive proof is not
available yet, preliminary studies indicate that I3C can detoxify fake
estrogens the same way it does real estrogens"
-
I3C as
possible treatment for ovarian cancer - Life Extension Foundation, 6/01
-
New findings
on I3C - Life Extension Magazine, 5/01 - "These
findings are the latest in a growing list of what I3C does to modulate
estrogen. One of its most important actions is to change the way estrogen is
metabolized. Instead of transforming into 16-a-hydroxyestrone, estrogen is
converted to 2-hydroxyestrone when I3C is present. 2-hydroxyestrone is a
weaker form of estrogen. Women with more 2-hydroxyestrone than
16-a-hydroxyestrone are at less risk for breast cancer than those with
higher levels of the 16 metabolite. Another feat of I3C is to block
carcinogens from causing cancer. In addition, I3C can prevent cervical
cancer caused by human papilloma virus-16 in mice. I3C also causes apoptosis
(cell death) in certain types of cancer cells"
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Long-term estrogen use doubles cancer risk - USA Today, 3/20/01 -
"Women who used estrogen replacement therapy for at
least 10 years were twice as likely to die of ovarian cancer than women who
never used it"
-
Prostate
Cancer and Cruciferous Vegetables - Life Extension Magazine, 7/00
-
I3C Indole 3
carbinol The Tamoxifen Substitute - Life Extension Foundation, 10/99
- Estrogen Levels Linked To
Head And Neck Cancers - Doctor's Guide, 9/28/99 -
"Similar effects (to alter estrogen metabolic
pathways) could be exerted by vegetables including broccoli and cauliflower,
which contain the phytochemical compound indole-3-carbinol."
- Reducing the
Hormone Related Cancer Risk (Or cabbages, sex hormones and their
metabolites) - Jonathan Wright M.D., International Anti-aging Systems -
"Among other things, estradiol is metabolized into
estrone, which in turn can be metabolized into either 2-hydroxyestrone or 16
alpha-hydroxyestrone. Importantly, there's an “inverse” relationship here:
if more 2-hydroxyestrone is made, less 16 alpha-hydroxyestrone is usually
made, and vice-versa. In at least one of his publications, Dr. Bradlow has
termed 2-hydroxyestrone “good estrogen”, and has given us evidence that 16
alpha hydroxyestrone is “bad estrogen”. He writes: “Evidence from a long
series of studies has demonstrated a specific role for 16a-hydroxyestrone as
a transforming estrogen, which is more potent than estradiol itself.”
(“Transforming” refers to the tendency of 16a-hydroxyestrone to increase
cellular growth and proliferation, and even cancerous transformation in
estrogen-responsive tissues). He goes on to note that the preponderance of
evidence shows that, by contrast, 2-hydroxyestrone is non-carcinogenic or
even anti-carcinogenic. He also notes that treatment which reduces the 2/16a
hydroxyestrone ratio has been shown to reverse the growth of human larygneal
papillomas, caused by the same family of viruses (HPV) implicated in
cervical cancers. Other researchers hypothesize that cancer in other
tissues, including uterus, prostate, liver and kidney, may be affected by
the 2/16a hydroxyestrone ratio as well as other estrogen metabolites"
- I3C/DIM -
Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis Foundation
Abstracts:
-
Indole-3-Carbinol Inhibits
the Growth of Endometriotic Lesions by Suppression of Microvascular Network
Formation - Nutrients 2022 Nov 21 - "I3C inhibited
the vascularization and growth of endometriotic lesions without inducing anti-angiogenic
and anti-proliferative side effects on reproductive organs. This was associated
with a significantly reduced number of proliferating stromal and endothelial
cells and a lower expression of the pro-angiogenic signaling molecules vascular
endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)
and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (pERK) within
I3C-treated lesions when compared to controls. These findings indicate that I3C
effectively inhibits endometriotic lesion formation in mice. Thus, further
studies should clarify whether I3C may be also beneficial for the prevention and
therapy of the human disease" - See indole-3-carbinol at Amazon.com.
-
Dietary Indole-3-Carbinol
Alleviated Spleen Enlargement, Enhanced IgG Response in C3H/HeN Mice Infected
with Citrobacter rodentium - Nutrients 2020 Oct 15 -
"Enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli are important enteric
pathogens that induce hemorrhagic colitis or even fatal hemolytic uremic
syndrome. Emerging evidence shows that some bio-actives derived from fruits and
vegetables may serve as alternatives to antibiotics for overcoming multidrug
resistant E. coli infections ... Dietary I3C significantly inhibited the loss of
body weight and the increase in spleen size in Cr infected mice. In addition,
I3C treatment reduced the inflammatory response to Cr infection by maintaining
anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-22 mRNA levels while reducing expression of other
pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL17A, IL6, IL1β, TNF-α, and IFN-γ.
Moreover, the serum cytokine levels of IL17, TNF-α, IL12p70, and G-CSF also were
down-regulated by I3C in Cr-infected mice. Additionally, dietary I3C
specifically enhanced the Cr-specific IgG response to Cr infection. In general,
dietary I3C reduced the Cr-induced pro-inflammatory response in susceptible C3H/HeN
mice and alleviated the physiological changes and tissue damage induced by Cr
infection but not Cr colonization"
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Chemicals found in vegetables prevent colon cancer in mice - Science
Daily, 8/14/18 - "We studied genetically modified
mice that cannot produce or activate AhR in their guts, and found that they
readily developed gut inflammation which progressed to colon cancer,"
explains first author Dr Amina Metidji from the Francis Crick Institute.
"However, when we fed them a diet enriched with I3C, they did not develop
inflammation or cancer. Interestingly, when mice whose cancer was already
developing were switched to the I3C-enriched diet, they ended up with
significantly fewer tumours which were also more benign."
-
Indole-3-carbinol protects against pressure overload induced cardiac
remodeling via activating AMPK-α - Mol Nutr Food Res. 2013 Apr 27 -
"Indole-3-carbinol (I3C), a monomer component
extracted from leaves and stems of cruciferous vegetables, has inhibitory
effects on tumors, obesity, and liver fibrosis ... We determined the effects
of I3C on cardiac remodeling and heart function using an aortic banding (AB)
mouse model ... I3C both prevents and reverses cardiac remodeling by
activating AMPK-α signaling. I3C is a potential therapeutic drug for heart
failure"
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Indole-3-carbinol inhibits MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell motility and
induces stress fibers and focal adhesion formation by activation of Rho
kinase activity - Int J Cancer. 2008 Dec 15 -
"Using chemotaxis and fluorescent-bead cell motility assays, we demonstrated
that I3C significantly decreased the in vitro migration of MDA-MB-231 cells,
a highly invasive breast cancer cell line"
-
Indole-3-carbinol Inhibits Sp1-Induced Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Expression
To Attenuate Migration and Invasion of Breast Cancer Cells - J Agric
Food Chem. 2008 Dec 5 - "Indole-3-carbinol (I3C), a
major indole metabolite in cruciferous vegetables, has been shown to inhibit
invasion of breast cancer cells ... Migration, invasion, and MMP-2 activity
of MCF-7 breast cancer cells were dose-dependently inhibited by I3C. In
addition, the MMP-2 mRNA level was also reduced by I3C ... In addition, I3C
inhibited the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway
in MCF-7 cells. The results suggest that I3C inhibits MMP-2 expression by
blocking the ERK/Sp1-mediated gene transcription to attenuate migration and
invasion of breast cancer cells"
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Indole-3-carbinol as a
chemopreventive and anti-cancer agent - Cancer Lett. 2008 Feb 29 -
"Indole-3-carbinol and its metabolite
3,3'-diindoylmethane (DIM) target multiple aspects of cancer cell-cycle
regulation and survival including Akt-NFkappaB signaling, caspase
activation, cyclin-dependent kinase activities, estrogen metabolism,
estrogen receptor signaling, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and BRCA gene
expression. This broad spectrum of anti-tumor activities in conjunction with
low toxicity underscores the translational value of indole-3-carbinol and
its metabolites in cancer prevention/therapy. Furthermore, novel anti-tumor
agents with overlapping underlying mechanisms have emerged via structural
optimization of indole-3-carbinol and DIM, which may provide considerable
therapeutic advantages over the parental compounds with respect to chemical
stability and anti-tumor potency. Together, these agents might foster new
strategies for cancer prevention and therapy"
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Effect of dietary soy isoflavone aglycones on the urinary
16alpha-to-2-hydroxyestrone ratio in C3H/HeJ mice - Nutr Cancer
2000;38(2):209-14 -
"These data suggest that the soy isoflavonoid
aglycones genistein and daidzein and indole-3-carbinol each exert a
cancer-preventive effect by shifting metabolism away from the production of
genotoxic metabolites toward the production of inactive metabolites"
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