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Farxiga (dapagliflozin)
Farxiga (dapagliflozin)
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News & Research:
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Dapagliflozin Misses as
Treatment for COVID-19 but Leaves Intriguing Signal for Benefit - Medscape,
5/18/21 - "At the end of 30 days, 11.2% of the
dapagliflozin group and 13.8% of the placebo group had an event. By hazard
ratio, dapagliflozin was linked to 20% nonsignificant relative protection from
events (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% confidence interval, 0.58-1.10) ... The trend (P
= .168) for the primary endpoint for prevention was reflected in the individual
components. For dapagliflozin related to placebo, there were generally similar
or greater reductions in new or worsening organ failure (HR, 0.80), cardiac
decompensation (HR, 0.81), respiratory decompensation (HR, 0.85), and kidney
decompensation (HR, 0.65). None were statistically significant, but the
confidence intervals were tight with the upper end never exceeding 1.20 ...
Moreover, the relative risk reduction for all-cause mortality moved in the same
direction (HR, 0.77 ... In safety analyses, dapagliflozin consistently
outperformed placebo across a broad array of safety measure, including any
severe adverse event (65% vs. 82%), any adverse event with an outcome of death
(32% vs. 48%), discontinuation caused by an adverse event (44% vs. 55%), and
acute kidney injury (21% vs. 34%) ... These data show that these drugs are not
going to lead to harm, but they might lead to benefit" - See
dapagliflozin at reliablerxpharmacy.com.
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Tips for Navigating Prior
Authorization and Out-of-Pocket Costs for HFrEF Medications - Medscape,
5/11/21 - "Moreover, in the past decade, a series of
large randomized trials have shown the efficacy of newer classes of medications
in improving health outcomes of patients with HFrEF. These newer medications
include the I f inhibitor ivabradine (SHiFT study); the angiotensin receptor-neprilysin
inhibitor (ARNI) sacubitril-valsartan (PARADIGM-HF and PIONEER-HF trials); the
sodium-glucose transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors dapagliflozin (DAPA-HF study)
and empagliflozin (EMPEROR-Reduced trial); and the soluble guanylate cyclase
activator vericiguat (VICTORIA trial) ... Although these new treatment options
for HFrEF are proven to be safe and well tolerated across a wide range of
patients, there are obstacles to their widespread use — namely, the high cost of
these drugs, prior authorization requirements, and out-of-pocket fees. Not only
must patients often first obtain approval from their insurance companies for
these prescriptions, but they are also required to pay greater out-of-pocket
costs for them than generic drugs. Perhaps not surprisingly, the use of generic
ACE inhibitors and beta-blockers for HFrEF remains high, whereas uptake of
ivabradine and sacubitril-valsartan continues to be slow and SGLT2 inhibitors
are only just beginning to be prescribed." - See
dapagliflozin at ReliableRXPharmacy. They don't carry empagliflozin,
which in my view is better. I read somewhere that India would no longer
sell generic versions after a certain patent date until that drug goes generic.
I think that's the problem with buying generic empagliflozin from India.
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FDA Approves Dapagliflozin (Farxiga ) for Chronic Kidney Disease - Medscape,
4/30/21 - "Dapagliflozin was approved in 2014 to improve
glycemic control in patients with diabetes mellitus, and approval was expanded
in 2020 to include treatment of patients with heart failure and reduced ejection
fraction ... during a median of 2.4 years, treatment with dapagliflozin led to a
significant 31% relative reduction compared with placebo in the study's primary
outcome, a composite that included at least a 50% drop in estimated glomerular
filtration rate (eGFR) compared with baseline, end-stage kidney disease, kidney
transplant, renal death, or cardiovascular death ... Dapagliflozin treatment
also cut all-cause mortality by a statistically significant relative reduction
of 31%, and another secondary-endpoint analysis showed a statistically
significant 29% relative reduction in the rate of cardiovascular death or heart
failure hospitalization."
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Dapagliflozin, Advanced
Chronic Kidney Disease, and Mortality: New Insights From the DAPA-CKD Trial
- Medscape, 4/28/21 - "Taken together, the data from DAPA-CKD, in conjunction
with the results from other recently published SGLT2 inhibitor trials in
patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction, position the class of
SGLT2 inhibitors far beyond their original use in patients with type 2 diabetes
(Graphical Abstract).[5,6,8] For the cardiovascular high-risk population of
patients with CKD, SGLT2 inhibition with dapagliflozin provides for the first
time a treatment option to significantly improve the prognosis and to reduce
mortality—independent of the presence of diabetes. Within the next few years,
additional studies with SGLT2 inhibitors in CKD patients will report (e.g.
EMPA-KIDNEY with empagliflozin, NCT03594110), but now it is on us—nephrologists,
cardiologists, and all healthcare providers treating patients with CKD—to ensure
that these life-saving therapies are implemented. For the treatment of patients
with diabetes, a subset of members of the writing groups of the 2019 American
Diabetes Association (ADA)/European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD)
consensus document and the 2019 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines
have recently published a call for action to ensure that clinical inertia no
longer leads to the low prescription of evidence-based life-saving therapies in
high risk patients"
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New DAPA-CKD Analysis
Hints at Dapagliflozin for IgA Nephropathy - Medscape, 4/20/21 -
"Dapagliflozin may be a novel therapeutic option to slow
kidney function decline in patients with IgA nephropathy"
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SGLT-2 inhibitors for
prevention of cardiorenal outcomes in type 2 diabetes: an updated meta-analysis
- Diabetes Obes Metab 2021 Mar 12 - "A total of 8
cardiorenal outcomes trials of SGLT-2i (empagliflozin, canagliflozin,
dapagliflozin, ertugliflozin, sotagliflozin) were identified, with 66 601
patients ... Overall, SGLT-2i were associated with a 12% reduced risk of major
adverse cardiovascular events (MACE, HR = 0.88; 95% CI, 0.83-0.93; Q statistic,
P = 0.19), with no significant heterogeneity (p for interaction = 0.465) between
subgroups of patients with or without cardiovascular disease (CVD). The risk of
the composite renal outcome was significantly reduced by treatment with SGLT-2i
(HR = 0.61, 95% CI, 0.54-0.70), with no significant heterogeneity of
associations with outcome (I2 = 37%, P = 0.11), and no difference in the risk
between patients with or without CVD (p for interaction = 0.665). SGLT-2i have
moderate benefits on MACE and major benefits on the progression of diabetic
kidney disease"
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Dapagliflozin Reduces
Systolic Blood Pressure and Modulates Vasoactive Factors - Diabetes Obes
Metab 2021 Mar 17 - "24 and 23 patients receiving
dapagliflozin and placebo, respectively, completed the 12 weeks' study. Systolic
BP fell significantly, compared to placebo, both after a single dose (by 7 ± 3
mmHg) and 12-week (by 7 ± 2 mmHg) treatment with dapagliflozin. Dapagliflozin
suppressed angiotensin II and angiotensinogen (by 10.5 ± 2.1 pg/mL and 1.45 ±
0.42 μg/mL, respectively) and increased ANP and cGMP (by 34 ± 11 pg/mL and 29 ±
11 pmol/mL, respectively) compared to placebo group. cGMP levels also increased
acutely following a single dose of dapagliflozin. Dapagliflozin also suppressed
PDE5 expression by 26 ± 11% in MNC. There was no change in the other vasoactive
mediators investigated."
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More From DAPA-HF:
Dapagliflozin Quickly Reduces Heart Failure Events - Medscape, 2/23/21 -
"These findings were consistent with the timing of
benefits for patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF)
in recent studies of two other drugs from the same class, the sodium-glucose
cotransporter (SGLT) inhibitors, including empagliflozin (Jardiance, which
inhibits SGLT-2) in the EMPEROR-Reduced trial, and sotagliflozin (Zynquista,
which inhibits both SGLT1 and -2) in the SOLOIST-WHF trial ... DAPA-HF
randomized 4,744 patients with HFrEF and in New York Heart Association
functional class II-IV at 410 sites in 20 countries. The incidence of the
primary, combined endpoint fell by 26% with dapagliflozin treatment,
compared with placebo, during a median 18-month follow-up. Among the study
cohort 27% of patients had been hospitalized for heart failure within a year
of their entry, 20% had been hospitalized for heart failure more than 1 year
before entry, and 53% had no history of a hospitalization for heart
failure."
Abstracts:
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The Effect of Dapagliflozin
on Albuminuria in DECLARE-TIMI 58 - Diabetes Care 2021 Jul 7 -
"Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) ...
dapagliflozin demonstrated a favorable effect on UACR and renal-specific outcome
across baseline UACR categories, including patients with normal albumin
excretion. The results suggest a role for SGLT2i also in the primary prevention
of diabetic kidney disease" - See
dapagliflozin at reliablerxpharmacy.com.
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Usefulness of Sodium-Glucose
Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors for Primary Prevention of Heart Failure in Patients
With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus - Am J Cardiol 2021 May 15 -
"The sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i)
empagliflozin, canagliflozin, and dapagliflozin reduce the risk of heart failure
(HF) events in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) at high risk for HF.
Differences in HF outcomes between SGLT2i were demonstrated in a
recent-published meta-analysis ... Our findings suggest that between the
available SGLT2i, the cost of primary prevention of HF in patients with DM at
high risk for HF is lowest with empagliflozin" - See
dapagliflozin at ReliableRXPharmacy. They don't carry
empagliflozin, which in my view is better. I read somewhere that India
would no longer sell generic versions after a certain patent date until that
drug goes generic. I think that's the problem with buying generic
empagliflozin from India.
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Are SGLT2 Inhibitors New
Hypertension Drugs? - Circulation 2021 May 4 - Note: See the
table. Jardiance (empagliflozin) lowered systolic by about 10 points.
Farxiga (dapagliflozin) was 5.8.
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Effects of the SGLT2
Inhibitor Dapagliflozin on Energy Metabolism in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A
Randomized, Double-Blind Crossover Trial - Diabetes Care 2021 Apr 15 -
"SGTL2 inhibitors increase urinary glucose excretion and
have beneficial effects on cardiovascular and renal outcomes. The underlying
mechanism may involve caloric restriction-like metabolic effects due to urinary
glucose loss ... Dapagliflozin treatment for 5 weeks resulted in major
adjustments of metabolism mimicking caloric restriction, increased fat
oxidation, improved hepatic and adipose insulin sensitivity, and improved 24-h
energy metabolism"
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Effects of dapagliflozin on
mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease: a pre-specified analysis from
the DAPA-CKD randomized controlled trial - Eur Heart J 2021 Mar 31 -
"Mortality rates from chronic kidney disease (CKD) have
increased in the last decade. In this pre-specified analysis of the DAPA-CKD
trial, we determined the effects of dapagliflozin on cardiovascular and
non-cardiovascular causes of death ... The relative risk reduction for all-cause
mortality with dapagliflozin (31%, hazard ratio [HR] [95% confidence interval
(CI)] 0.69 [0.53, 0.88]; P = 0.003) was consistent across pre-specified
subgroups. The effect on all-cause mortality was driven largely by a 46%
relative risk reduction of non-cardiovascular death (HR [95% CI] 0.54 [0.36,
0.82]). Deaths due to infections and malignancies were the most frequently
occurring causes of non-cardiovascular deaths and were reduced with
dapagliflozin vs. placebo ... In patients with CKD, dapagliflozin prolonged
survival irrespective of baseline patient characteristics. The benefits were
driven largely by reductions in non-cardiovascular death"
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