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Anti-aging Research > HMB
Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB)
Specific Recommendations:
News & Research:
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Prevalence of and interventions for sarcopenia in ageing adults: a systematic
review. Report of the International Sarcopenia Initiative (EWGSOP and IWGS)
- oxfordjournals.org - 9/21/14 - "EAAs (with 2.5 g of leucine) and HMB seem to
have some effects on muscle mass and muscle function that need to be confirmed
in larger trials" - [Nutra
USA] - See
leucine products at Amazon.com
and Core Nutritionals Hmb Dietary Supplement, 90 Gram.
-
Supplements That Increase The Effects Of Resistance Exercise Identified
- Intelihealth, 3/19/03 -
"of the more than 250 dietary products available,
only HMB and creatine supplements have
sufficient scientific evidence showing that lean body mass and strength
gains accompanying resistance training are augmented with their use"
-
ACSM Conference Unveils Performance Enhancers - Nutrition Science News,
9/01 -
"(HMB) can increase strength and lean body mass ...
3 g/day HMB for four weeks ... Men in the HMB group lowered their LDL from
172 mg/dL to 123 mg/dL and increased their lean mass by 6 percent (35.3 to
37.68 kg) ... strength was significantly increased in all three tested
strength exercises"
- HMB Pumps You Up
While Lowering Cholesterol and Blood Pressure - WebMD, 8/18/00 -
"These figures are just about what you would see by
taking medications for hypertension or lowering cholesterol."
Abstracts:
-
Small-Scale Randomized
Controlled Trial to Explore the Impact of β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate Plus
Vitamin D3 on Skeletal Muscle Health in Middle Aged Women - Nutrients 2022
Nov 4 - "β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB), a leucine
metabolite, can increase skeletal muscle size and function ... intermuscular
adipose tissue (IMAT) volume ... HMB + D decreased IMAT independent of exercise
status and may prevent the loss or increase muscle size in a small cohort of
sedentary middle-aged women" - See
HMB at Amazon.com and
vitamin D at Amazon.com.
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Effects of β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate
(HMB) supplementation on muscle mass, function, and other outcomes in patients
with cancer: a systematic review - J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022 Mar 17
- "Low muscle mass is prevalent among patients with
cancer and a predictor of adverse clinical outcomes. To counteract muscle loss,
β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation has been proposed as a
potential therapy for older adults and various diseases states ... Studies
prescribed HMB combined with amino acids (73.3%), HMB in oral nutritional
supplements (20.0%), or both supplement types (6.7%); Ca-HMB doses of 3.0 g/day
were provided in 80.0% of the studies. Four studies had high risk of bias across
all outcome domains. Considering the higher-quality studies, evidence of a
beneficial effect of HMB supplementation was found in four of four studies for
muscle mass, two of two for muscle function, three of three for hospitalization,
and five of seven for survival. In contrast, no beneficial effects of HMB on
quality of life or body weight was found in two of four and three of five
studies, respectively. A limited number of higher-quality studies evaluating the
impact of HMB on cancer therapy-related toxicity, inflammation, and tumour
response were observed. No serious adverse effects directly related to the
nutrition intervention were reported. Although limited, current evidence
suggests that HMB supplementation has a beneficial effect on muscle mass and
function in patients with cancer"
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Oral Nutritional Supplement
with β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) Improves Nutrition, Physical Performance
and Ameliorates Intramuscular Adiposity in Pre-Frail Older Adults: A Randomized
Controlled Trial - J Nutr Health Aging 2021;25(6):767-773 -
"Supplementation of high protein oral nutrition shakes
supplemented with β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HP-HMB) has been shown to improve
muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in older adults ...
enrolled 70 community-dwelling pre-frail older persons without active or
uncontrolled conditions, disability or dementia. The intervention group was
provided with two services of HP HMB (Ensure® Plus Advance containing 3g HMB)
per day for 12 weeks, and the control group was provided with professional
nutritional counselling for sufficient protein intake ... The 12-week
supplementation with high protein oral nutrition shake supplemented with 3g HMB
per day significantly increased muscle mass, as well as nutritional status and
physical performance, and ameliorated the intramuscular adiposity of pre-frail
older persons"
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Effects of Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methylbutyrate
Supplementation on Elderly Body Composition and Muscle Strength: A Review of
Clinical Trials - Ann Nutr Metab 2021 Mar 12 - "The
aging process has great impact on body composition, such as the increase of
adipose tissue in abdominal region, and the decrease of lean body mass, due to
skeletal muscle loss. A reduction in muscle mass is associated to high risk of
fractures and falls, loss of mobility, and increased number of hospitalizations.
Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) is a biological substance derived from
leucine metabolism, with anabolic and anticatabolic properties. Some HMB effects
are tissue repair stimulation and protein anabolism ... Supplementation of 3 g
of HMB has shown to be most beneficial in improving strength and body
composition in people over 65 years, especially in bed rest and untrained
conditions ... Our findings suggest that HMB has a positive effect on body
composition and strength, especially in bedridden or sedentary elderly, due to
its anticatabolic properties"
-
β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate
supplementation in older persons - an update - Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab
Care 2020 Nov 2 - "The interest in the use of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate
(HMB) as an intervention to prevent and treat sarcopenia has increased over
recent years ... No new studies have been published over the last 2 years
investigating the effect of HMB in older persons who are hospitalized, aside
from one posthoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial exploring the effect
of a high protein oral nutrition supplement containing HMB on handgrip strength
and nutritional status ... Recent data suggest the need for high-quality studies
investigating the effectiveness of HMB to improve outcomes related to sarcopenia
in both hospitalized and community-dwelling older persons" - See
HMB at Amazon.com and
iHerb.
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The impact of acute beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate
(HMB) ingestion on glucose and insulin kinetics in young and older men - J
Funct Foods 2020 Oct;73:104163 - "Insulin resistance
(IR) is a key feature in the development of numerous metabolic diseases. The
cornerstone for treatment for IR remains diet and exercise, however these have
poor rates of adherence. Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) is a
nutraceutical with contentious effects on IR in animal models ... Young and
older male volunteers underwent two 75 g OGTT with or without 3 g HMB. In young
men, HMB significantly reduced the insulin area-under-the-curve (AUC), with no
difference in glucose AUC, resulting in a numerical increase in the Cederholm
index of insulin sensitivity. In older men, HMB had no effect on insulin or
glucose responses" - See
HMB at Amazon.com and
iHerb.
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Enhanced physical
and cognitive performance in active duty Airmen: evidence from a randomized
multimodal physical fitness and nutritional intervention - Sci Rep 2020 Oct
19 - "Achieving military mission objectives requires
high levels of performance from Airmen who operate under extreme physical and
cognitive demands. Thus, there is a critical need to establish scientific
interventions to enhance physical fitness and cognitive performance-promoting
the resilience of Airmen and aiding in mission success. We therefore conducted a
comprehensive, 12-week randomized controlled trial in active-duty Air Force
Airmen (n = 148) to compare the efficacy of a multimodal intervention comprised
of high-intensity interval aerobic fitness and strength training paired with a
novel nutritional supplement [comprised of β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (HMB),
lutein, phospholipids, DHA and selected micronutrients including B12 and folic
acid] to high-intensity interval aerobic fitness and strength training paired
with a standard of care placebo beverage. The exercise intervention alone
improved several dimensions of physical fitness [strength and endurance (+
8.3%), power (+ 0.85%), mobility and stability (+ 22%), heart rate (- 1.1%) and
lean muscle mass (+ 1.4%)] and cognitive function [(episodic memory (+ 9.5%),
processing efficiency (+ 7.5%), executive function reaction time (- 4.8%) and
fluid intelligence accuracy (+ 19.5%)]. Relative to exercise training alone, the
multimodal fitness and nutritional intervention further improved working memory
(+ 9.0%), fluid intelligence reaction time (- 7.7%), processing efficiency (+
1.8%), heart rate (- 2.4%) and lean muscle mass (+ 1.5%)" - [Nutra
USA]
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Long-term Effects of Calcium
β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) and Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Muscular
Function in Older Adults with and without Resistance Training: A Randomized,
Double-blind, Controlled Study - J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020 Aug 28 -
"The primary aim of this study was to determine whether
supplementation with calcium β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) and Vitamin D3 (D)
would enhance muscle function and strength in older adults. Older adults over 60
years of age with insufficient circulating 25-hydroxy-Vitamin D (25OH-D) levels
were enrolled in a double-blinded controlled 12-month study. Study participants
were randomly assigned to treatments consisting of: (a) Control + no exercise;
(b) HMB+D + no exercise; (c) Control + exercise, and (d) HMB+D + exercise. The
study evaluated 117 participants consisting of multiple measurements over the 12
months that included body composition, strength, functionality, and
questionnaires. HMB+D had a significant benefit on lean body mass within the
non-exercise group at 6 months (0.44±0.27kg, HMB+D vs. -0.33±0.28kg control,
p<0.05). In non-exercisers, improvement in knee extension peak torque (60°/sec)
was significantly greater in HMB+D supplemented participants than in
non-supplemented group (p=0.04) at 3 months, 10.9 ± 5.7Nm and -5.2 ± 5.9Nm,
respectively. A composite functional index, integrating changes in handgrip, Get
Up, and Get Up and Go measurements, was developed. HMB+D + no exercise resulted
in significant increases in the functional index compared to those observed in
the control + no exercise group at 3 (p=0.03), 6 (p=0.04), and 12 months
(p=0.04). Supplementation with HMB+D did not further improve the functional
index within the exercising group. This study demonstrated the potential of HMB
and Vitamin D3 supplementation to enhance muscle strength and physical
functionality in older adults, even in individuals not engaged in an exercise
training program" - [Nutra
USA] - See
HMB at Amazon.com and
iHerb and
Vitamin D at Amazon.com and
vitamin D
at iHerb.
-
Combined protein and calcium β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate induced gains in leg fat
free mass: a double-blinded, placebo-controlled study - J Int Soc Sports
Nutr. 2020 Mar 12;17(1):16 - "All participants received
60 g of whey protein on training days and 30 g of whey protein (WP) on
non-training days. Participants were randomly assigned to additionally receive
3 g of calcium HMB (WP + HMB) or a placebo (WP + PLA) ... Combined protein and
HMB supplementation resulted in segmental, but not whole-body increases in FFM
compared to protein supplementation alone. These findings could explain some of
the controversial effects of HMB reported in previous studies and have practical
implications for maximizing training-induced gains in FFM and clinical
conditions associated with skeletal muscle deconditioning such as aging,
sedentary lifestyles, bed rest and spaceflight" - [Nutra
USA] - See
HMB at Amazon.com and
whey protein at Amazon.com.
-
Effect of Ten Weeks of
Creatine Monohydrate Plus HMB Supplementation on Athletic Performance Tests in
Elite Male Endurance Athletes Nutrients. 2020 Jan 10;12(1) -
"CrM plus HMB supplementation over 10 weeks showed a
synergistic effect on aerobic power (measured as WAT, W4, and W8) during an
incremental test but had no influence muscle mass" - [Nutra
USA] - See creatine at Amazon.com and
HMB at Amazon.com.
-
Long-Term Effect of
Combination of Creatine Monohydrate Plus β-Hydroxy β-Methylbutyrate (HMB) on
Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage and Anabolic/Catabolic Hormones in Elite Male
Endurance Athletes - Biomolecules. 2020 Jan 15;10(1) -
"randomized into four different groups: placebo group
(PLG; n = 7), CrM group (CrMG; 0.04 g/kg/day of CrM; n = 7), HMB group (HMBG; 3
g/day of HMB; n = 7), and CrM-HMB group (CrM-HMBG; 0.04 g/kg/day of CrM plus 3
g/day of HMB; n = 7) ... we observed significant differences in CrM-HMBG with
respect to PLG, CrMG, and HMBG on testosterone (p = 0.006; η2p = 0.454) and the
testosterone/cortisol ratio (T/C; p = 0.032; η2p = 0.349). Moreover, we found a
synergistic effect of combined supplementation on testosterone (CrM-HMBG =
-63.85% vs. CrMG + HMBG = -37.89%) and T/C (CrM-HMBG = 680% vs. CrMG + HMBG =
57.68%) and an antagonistic effect on cortisol (CrM-HMBG = 131.55% vs. CrMG +
HMBG = 389.99%). In summary, the combination of CrM plus HMB showed an increase
in testosterone and T/C compared with the other groups after 10 weeks of
supplementation. Moreover, this combination presented a synergistic effect on
testosterone and T/C and an antagonistic effect on cortisol compared with the
sum of individual or isolated supplementation" - [Nutra
USA]
-
Effect of Ten Weeks of
Creatine Monohydrate Plus HMB Supplementation on Athletic Performance Tests in
Elite Male Endurance Athletes - Nutrients. 2020 Jan 10;12(1) -
"CrM plus HMB supplementation over 10 weeks showed a
synergistic effect on aerobic power (measured as WAT, W4, and W8) during an
incremental test but had no influence muscle mass" - See
creatine at Amazon.com and
HMB at Amazon.com.
-
The Effect of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate
(HMB) on Sarcopenia and Functional Frailty in Older Persons: A Systematic Review
- J Nutr Health Aging. 2019;23(2):145-15 - "Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate
(HMB) has been shown to be effective and superior to other types of protein
supplements to attenuate loss of muscle mass, strength and function, however,
its benefits in sarcopenic and frail older people remain unclear ... Three
studies matched our eligibility criteria which enrolled 203 subjects through a
variety of definitions of sarcopenia or frailty. Lean body mass increased and
muscle strength and function were preserved following HMB supplementation"
-
Two and Four Weeks of β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate
(HMB) Supplementations Reduce Muscle Damage Following Eccentric Contractions
- J Am Coll Nutr. 2018 Dec 27:1-7 - "This study investigated the effect of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate
(HMB) supplementation for either 2 or 4 weeks on the muscle damage after elbow
flexors after eccentric contractions (ECCs) ... We concluded that more than 2
weeks of HMB supplementation has a positive role for untrained subjects to
prevent the muscle damage after ECCs."
-
Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate
and sarcopenia: from biological plausibility to clinical evidence - Curr
Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2019 Jan;22(1):37-43 - "the consumption of protein
sources enhanced with this essential amino acid, or its metabolite beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate
(HMB), is assumed to give the greatest benefit in terms of maintenance of muscle
mass and function during aging ... It is proposed that HMB may be utilized to
protect or rebuild muscle mass in older people with reduced lean body mass"
- See metabolite beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate
(HMB) at Amazon.com.
-
Role of Oral Nutritional
Supplements Enriched with β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate in Maintaining Muscle
Function and Improving Clinical Outcomes in Various Clinical Settings - J
Nutr Health Aging. 2018;22(6):664-675 - "Aging and
disease-related malnutrition are well associated with loss of muscle mass and
function. Muscle mass loss may lead to increased health complications and
associated increase in health care costs, especially in hospitalized
individuals. High protein oral nutritional supplements enriched with β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate
(HP-ONS+HMB) have been suggested to provide benefits such as improving body
composition, maintaining muscle mass and function and even decreasing mortality
rates. The present review aimed to examine current evidence on the effect of
HP-ONS+HMB on muscle-related clinical outcomes both in community and peri-hospitalization
patients. Overall, current evidence suggests that therapeutic nutrition such as
HP-ONS+HMB seems to be a promising tool to mitigate the decline in muscle mass
and preserve muscle function, especially during hospital rehabilitation and
recovery"
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Cognitive function is
preserved in aged mice following long-term β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate
supplementation - Nutr Neurosci. 2018 Jun 19:1-13 - "The findings from this
study suggest that prolonged HMB supplementation starting in adulthood may
preserve cognition with age"
-
The Effects of Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methylbutyrate
Supplementation on Recovery Following Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage: A
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis - J Am Coll Nutr. 2018 Apr 20:1-10 -
"The current evidence revealed a time-dependent effect of HMB in reducing LDH
and CK serum levels among adults. HMB, therefore, may be seen as a priority
muscle damage recovery agent in interventions"
- The effects of
phosphatidic acid supplementation on strength, body composition, muscular
endurance, power, agility, and vertical jump in resistance trained men -
J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2016 Jun 2;13:24 - "Phosphatidic
acid (PA) is a lipid messenger that has been shown to increase muscle
protein synthesis via signaling stimulation of the mammalian target of
rapamycin (mTOR). MaxxTOR® (MT) is a supplement that contains PA as the main
active ingredient but also contains other synergistic mTOR signaling
substances including L-Leucine, Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methylbutyrate (HMB), and
Vitamin D3 ... participants were tested on one repetition maximum (1RM) leg
press strength (LP), 1RM bench press strength (BP), push-ups to failure
(PU), vertical jump (VJ), pro-agility shuttle time (AG), peak power output
(P), lean body mass (LBM), fat mass (FM), and thigh muscle mass (TMM) ...
There was a significant main effect (F(1,16) = 33.30, p < 0.001) for LBM
where MT significantly increased LBM when compared to the PLA group
(p < 0.001). Additionally, there was a significant main effect for LP
(F(1,16) = 666.74, p < 0.001) and BP (F(1,16) = 126.36, p < 0.001) where
both increased significantly more in MT than PLA group (p < 0.001). No
significant differences between MT and PLA were noted for FM, TMM, VJ, AG,
P, or PU"
- [Nutra
USA] - Note: Seems like you might have gotten the same
results with l-leucine (one of the ingredients in MaxxTOR®) alone. See
phosphatidic acid at Amazon.com,
HMB at Amazon.com
and
leucine products at Amazon.com.
- HMB
attenuates muscle loss during sustained energy deficit induced by calorie
restriction and endurance exercise - Metabolism. 2013 Jul 19 -
"Mice were divided into four groups (n=10/group): 1)
ALT=ad libitum+trained (1h/d for 3d/wk); 2) ALTH=ALT+HMB (0.5g/kg BW/d); 3)
C=calorie restricted (-30%)+trained (6h/d, 6d/wk); and 4) CH=C+HMB ... HMB
improves body composition and sensorimotor function during normal training
and attenuates muscle mass and strength loss during catabolic conditions"
-
Effect of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) on lean body mass during 10 days
of bed rest in older adults - Clin Nutr. 2013 Mar 4 -
"Loss of muscle mass due to prolonged bed rest decreases functional capacity
and increases hospital morbidity and mortality in older adults ... In
healthy older adults, HMB supplementation preserves muscle mass during 10
days of bed rest"
-
Creatine and beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) additively increase lean
body mass and muscle strength during a weight-training program -
Nutrition 2001 Jul-Aug;17(7-8):558-66 - "In summary,
CR and HMB can increase LBM and strength, and the effects are additive"
-
Body Composition in 70-Year-Old Adults Responds to Dietary
beta-Hydroxy-beta-Methylbutyrate Similarly to That of Young Adults - J
Nutr 2001 Jul;131(7):2049-52 - "In conclusion,
changes in body composition can be accomplished in 70-y-old adults
participating in a strength training program, as previously demonstrated in
young adults, when HMB is supplemented daily"
-
Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation in humans is safe and
may decrease cardiovascular risk factors - J Nutr. 2000
Aug;130(8):1937-45 -
"In conclusion, the objective data collected across
nine experiments indicate that HMB can be taken safely as an ergogenic aid
for exercise and that objective measures of health and perception of
well-being are generally enhanced."
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