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Spermidine

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• Administration of spermidine attenuates concanavalin A-induced liver injury - Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023 Jan 23 - "A previous study revealed that treatment with the anticoagulant heparin attenuated concanavalin A (ConA)-induced liver injury. The administration of spermidine (SPD) increased urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) levels in the serum. uPA is clinically used for the treatment of some thrombotic diseases such as cerebral infarction. Therefore, SPD may attenuate ConA-induced liver injury that is exacerbated by blood coagulation ... These results indicated that SPD treatment increased anticoagulant ability by increasing of uPA and attenuated ConA-induced liver injury" - See spermidine at Amazon.com.
• Association between Serum Spermidine and TyG Index: Results from a Cross-Sectional Study - Nutrients 2022 Sep 17 - "After multivariable adjustment, including demographic characteristics, behavioral factors associated with heath, and a history of taking medicine, SPD was inversely associated with the TyG index (β = -0.036; SE: 0.009; p < 0.001). Furthermore, each increase of 1 lnSPD significantly decreased the risk of IR with an odds ratio (ORs) (95% confidence intervals (CIs)) of 0.89 (0.83-0.96). Relative to the first quintile, the multivariate-adjusted ORs (95% CIs) for the third and fourth quartile group were 0.80 (0.65, 0.99) and 0.71 (0.57, 0.88), respectively"
  • Triglyceride glucose index for predicting cardiovascular outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease - NIH - "Triglyceride glucose (TyG) index is a novel marker, which has been demonstrated to have a high sensitivity and specificity in identifying metabolic syndrome (14). Previous studies have shown that TyG index is associated with carotid atherosclerosis, coronary artery calcification and high risk of CVD"
• Spermidine reduces neuroinflammation and soluble amyloid beta in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model - J Neuroinflammation 2022 Jul 2 - "Deposition of amyloid beta (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau along with glial cell-mediated neuroinflammation are prominent pathogenic hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In recent years, impairment of autophagy has been identified as another important feature contributing to AD progression ... Our data highlight that the autophagy activator spermidine holds the potential to enhance Aβ degradation and to counteract glia-mediated neuroinflammation in AD pathology" - See spermidine at Amazon.com.
• Spermidine Ameliorates Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis through Thyroid Hormone-Responsive Protein Signaling and the Gut Microbiota-Mediated Metabolism of Bile Acids - J Agric Food Chem 2022 May 18 - "Spermidine, a natural polyamine and physiological autophagy inducer, is involved in various physiological processe ... We found that daily spermidine intake was significantly lower in volunteers with liver dysfunction than the healthy controls, and the serum and fecal spermidine levels were negatively correlated with the NASH phenotypes. Spermidine supplementation significantly attenuated hepatic lipid accumulation, insulin resistance, hepatic inflammation, and fibrosis in NASH mice induced by a western diet. The ameliorating effect of spermidine on lipid accumulation might be partly regulated by thyroid hormone-responsive protein (THRSP) signaling and autophagy. Moreover, spermidine altered the profile of hepatic bile acids (BAs) and microbial composition and function. Furthermore, spermidine reversed the progression of hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis in mice with preexisting NASH. Therefore, spermidine ameliorates NASH partly through the THRSP signaling and the gut microbiota-mediated metabolism of BAs, suggesting that spermidine might be a viable therapy for NASH" - See spermidine at Amazon.com.
• Oral Spermidine Targets Brown Fat and Skeletal Muscle to Mitigate Diet-Induced Obesity and Metabolic Disorders - Mol Nutr Food Res 2021 Aug 7 - "Obesity causes many life-threatening diseases. It is important to develop effective approaches for obesity treatment. Oral supplementation with spermidine retards age-related processes, but its influences on obesity and various metabolic tissues remain largely unknow ... Spermidine serves as an oral supplement to attenuate obesity and metabolic disorders through hypothalamus-dependent or -independent BAT activation and skeletal muscle adaptation"
• Higher spermidine intake is linked to lower mortality: a prospective population-based study - Am J Clin Nutr 2018 Aug 1 - "The difference in mortality risk between the top and bottom third of spermidine intakes was similar to that associated with a 5.7-y (95% CI: 3.6, 8.1 y) younger age" - [Nutra USA]