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Rosemary Extract

Specific Recommendations:

• Rosemary extract at Amazon.com
• rosmarinic acid at Amazon.com

News & Research:

Abstracts:

• Carnosic acid protects against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity through enhancing the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway - Food Funct 2023 Apr 4 - "CA markedly suppressed oxidative stress, apoptosis, and pyroptosis responses in the mouse hearts, eventually improving cardiac function. CA showed its antioxidant effect by activating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) and its downstream heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1); CA also reduced oxidative stress by lowering the MDA and lipid ROS levels and raising the SOD and GSH-px levels. Additionally, CA treatment significantly increased Bcl-2 and inhibited Bax and Caspase-3 cleavage in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Moreover, CA suppressed the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) pathway to mitigate pyroptosis, as evidenced by lowered caspase1, interleukin-18, and interleukin-1β. Consistently, the transfection of Nrf2-siRNA eliminated the protective effects of CA on cardiomyocytes. Altogether, our findings demonstrated that CA inhibited NLRP3 inflammasomes via activating the Nrf2-related cytoprotective system and protected the heart from oxidative damage, apoptosis, and pyroptosis, implying that the use of CA could be a potential therapeutic strategy in the prevention of DOX-associated myocardiopathy" - See carnosic acid at Amazon.com.
• Molecular mechanisms of neuroprotective offerings by rosmarinic acid against neurodegenerative and other CNS pathologies - Phytother Res 2023 Apr 4 - "While the medicinal applications of these plants have been known for ages, RA has only been relatively recently established as an effective ameliorative agent against various disorders including cardiac diseases, cancer, and neuropathologies. In particular, several studies have confirmed the neuroprotective potential of RA in multiple cellular and animal models, as well as in clinical studies. The neuroprotective effects mediated by RA stem from its multimodal actions on a plethora of cellular and molecular pathways; including oxidative, bioenergetic, neuroinflammatory, and synaptic signaling. In recent years, RA has garnered tremendous interest as an ideal therapeutic candidate for treating neurodegenerative diseases ... the authors focus on the ameliorative potential of RA against several central nervous system (CNS) disorders, ranging from neuropsychological stress and epilepsy to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, Lewy body dementia, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis" - See rosmarinic acid at Amazon.com.
• Rosmarinic acid relieves LPS-induced sickness and depressive-like behaviors in mice by activating the BDNF/Nrf2 signaling and autophagy pathway - Behav Brain Res 2022 Jul 14 - "Neuroinflammation is one of the main causes of sickness and depressive-like behavior. Rosmarinic acid (RA) has been shown to have a significant anti-neuroinflammatory effect ... Taken together, our research found that RA could effectively alleviate sickness behaviors and nerve injury caused by neuroinflammation, and its protective effects were mediated by the Nrf2 signaling pathway, which reduced cellular oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial respiratory function damage, and autophagy imbalance. Therefore, RA has the potential to prevent or treat sickness and depressive-like behaviors under conditions of neuroinflammation"
• Rosmarinic Acid Inhibits Platelet Aggregation and Neointimal Hyperplasia In Vivo and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Dedifferentiation, Proliferation, and Migration In Vitro via Activation of the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE Antioxidant System - J Agric Food Chem 2022 Jun 10 - "The activation of platelets and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in the vascular intima play an essential role in the pathological mechanism of vascular restenosis (RS). Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a natural phenolic acid compound ... these results indicate that RA inhibits platelet function and attenuates the proliferation, migration, and phenotypic transition of VSMCs induced by PDGF-BB in vitro and vascular remodeling in vivo. Therefore, RA treatment may be a potential therapy for preventing or treating RS" -  See rosemary extract at Amazon.com.
• Rosmarinic acid ameliorated psoriatic skin inflammation in mice through the novel inhibition of the interleukin-17A/interleukin-17A receptor interaction - Food Funct 2022 Jun 8 - "this is the first study reporting that rosmarinic acid is an IL-17A-targeting agent that ameliorates psoriatic skin inflammation in mice via blocking the IL-17A/IL-17RA interaction"
• Rosmarinic acid protects mice from Concanavalin A-induced hepatic injury through AMPK signaling - Biol Pharm Bull 2020 Sep 4 - "Rosmarinic acid (RA) ... The objective of this study was to investigate the role of AMPK signaling involving the protective effects of RA on concanavalin A (Con A)-induced(AIH) in mice ... Compared with the Con A group, serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in RA group (100 and 150 mg/kg/day) were significantly reduced. RA also reduced hepatocyte swelling, cell death, and infiltration of leukocytes in the liver of Con A-treated mice. Serum levels of cytokines, such as interferon-γ(IFN-γ), interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-1(IL-1β), were reduced by RA pretreatment, while the levels of serum interferon-10 (IL-10), an anti-inflammatory cytokine, was elevated. These protective effects were reversed by treatment with CC. RA treatment reduced the hepatic damage via the activation of AMPK in the mice of Con A-induced. So RA acts as a potential part in the therapy of autoimmune hepatitis"
• The Protective Effect of Rosmarinic Acid Against Unfavorable Influence of Methylparaben and Propylparaben on Collagen in Human Skin Fibroblasts - Nutrients. 2020 May 1 - "Parabens, which are widely used in food, medicines and cosmetics, have a harmful effect on human health. People are most exposed to parabens transdermally by using cosmetic products containing these preservatives. The purpose of this study was to estimate the influence of parabens (methylparaben-MP and propylparaben-PP) on the metabolism of collagen in the human skin fibroblasts and above all, to assess whether rosmarinic acid (RA-50, 100, or 150 M) can protect these cells from the adverse effects of parabens (0.001% MP and 0.0003% PP, 0.003% MP and 0.001% PP, and ​​0.01% MP and 0.003% PP). The possible mechanisms of RA action were estimated as well. Parabens decreased the expression of collagen type I and III at mRNA and protein levels, while RA (depending on the concentration) provided partial or total protection against these changes. The effective protection against the adverse effects of parabens on cell viability and proliferation was also provided by RA. The beneficial impact of RA on collagen and the fibroblasts resulted from an independent action of this compound and its interaction with parabens. This study allows us to conclude that this polyphenolic compound may protect from unfavorable health outcomes caused by lifetime human exposure to parabens contained in cosmetic products"
• Skin photoprotective and antiageing effects of a combination of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) and grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) polyphenols - Food Nutr Res. 2016 Jul 1;60:31871 - "We investigated the efficacy of a combination of rosemary (R. officinalis) and grapefruit (C. paradisi) in decreasing the individual susceptibility to UVR exposure (redness and lipoperoxides) and in improving skin wrinkledness and elasticity ... Treated subjects showed a decrease of the UVB- and UVA-induced skin alterations (decreased skin redness and lipoperoxides) and an improvement of skin wrinkledness and elasticity. No differences were found between the 100 and 250 mg extracts doses, indicating a plateau effect starting from 100 mg extracts dose. Some of the positive effects were noted as short as 2 weeks of product consumption ... The long-term oral intake of Nutroxsun™ can be considered to be a complementary nutrition strategy to avoid the negative effects of sun exposure" - [Nutra USA] - See Nutroxsun™ at Amazon.com.
• Rosmarinic acid protects against chronic ethanol-induced learning and memory deficits in rats - Nutr Neurosci. 2016 Jul 1:1-8 - "Ethanol consumption induces neurological disorders including cognitive dysfunction. Oxidative damage is considered a likely cause of cognitive deficits ... Memory impairment was induced by 15% w/v ethanol (2 g/kg, i.g.) administration for 30 days. RA (8, 16, and 32 mg/kg, i.g.) or donepezil (2 mg/kg, i.g.) was administered 30 minutes before ethanol ... RA 32 mg/kg had comparable effects with donepezil in prevention of acquisition and retention memory impairment. The higher doses of RA not only prevented increased lipid peroxidation and nitrite content but also decreased SOD, CAT, GSH, and FRAP levels in alcoholic groups and exerted antioxidant effects in non-alcoholic rats ... RA represents a potential therapeutic option against chronic ethanol-induced amnesia which deserves consideration and further examination" - See rosmarinic acid at Amazon.com.  Note that it shows rosemary extract but if you look at the label they're standardized to a percentage of rosmarinic acid.
• Carnosic acid as a major bioactive component in rosemary extract ameliorates high-fat diet-induced obesity and metabolic syndrome in mice - J Agric Food Chem. 2015 Apr 30 - "The mice were given a low-fat diet, a high-fat diet or a high-fat diet supplemented with either 0.14% or 0.28% (w/w) CA-enriched RE (containing 80% CA, RE#1L and RE#1H), or 0.5% (w/w) RE (containing 45% CA, RE#2), for a period of 16 weeks ... The dietary RE supplementation significantly reduced body weight gain, percent of fat, plasma ALT, AST, glucose, insulin levels, liver weight, liver triglyceride and free fatty acid levels compared with the mice fed with HF diet without RE treatment. RE administration also decreased the levels of plasma and liver malondialdehyde, advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and the liver expression of receptor for AGE (RAGE) compared with mice of HF group" - See rosemary extract at Amazon.com.