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Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

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• Syndrome X / Diabetes

Alternative News:

• The effects of N-acetylcysteine on ovulation and sex hormones profile in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis - Br J Nutr 2023 Jan 4 - "Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine diseases characterized by unusual levels of sex hormones and dysfunction of the ovaries. The infertility rate is high among patients with PCOS. Unusual hormonal status can lead to the inability of ovaries to release functional and mature follicles. Clinical trials on the effects of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) supplementation on ovulation and sex hormones profile in women with PCOS have been controversial ... Meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects approach in case of significant between-study heterogeneity. Eighteen studies, including 2,185 participants, were included in the present meta-analysis. NAC significantly reduced total testosterone levels (SMD: -0.25 ng/mL; 95% CI: -0.39, -0.10; "P<0.001", I2 =53.9%, p= 0.034), and increased FSH levels (SMD: 0.39 IU/ml; 95% CI: 0.07, 0.71; p= 0.01, I2 = 70.9%, p= 0.002). Estrogen levels also increased after correcting publication bias. However, no significant effect was observed on the number of follicles, endometrial thickness, progesterone, serum LH levels, and SHBG. The results indicated that NAC supplementation decreased total testosterone levels and increased FSH levels. Overall, NAC supplementation might be effective in the improvement of reproductive system function in patients with PCOS" - See n-acetyl cysteine at Amazon.com.
• Beneficial Effects of a Novel Fenugreek Seed Extract ( Trigonella foenum-graecum, Furocyst®) in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): A Follow-up Compliance Clinical Investigation- J Am Nutr Assoc 2022 Nov 28 - "This study reinstated the efficacy of Furocyst® as a safe phytotherapeutic to reverse the effects of PCOS inflicted damage on the female reproductive system without any adverse events" - See Furocyst at Amazon.com.
• Efficacy of a Proprietary Fenugreek Seed Extract ( Trigonella foenum-graecum, Furocyst®) in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study - J Am Nutr Assoc 2022 Oct 11 - "Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by hyperandrogenemia, a quite common heterogenous endocrine/hormonal disorder, and accompanied by elevated androgen level, menstrual irregularity, and hirsutism. The consequences include infertility or miscarriage. It is a challenging problem to the physicians. In a one-arm, non-randomized preliminary investigation in fifty premenopausal women, we demonstrated the efficacy of Furocyst®, a patented, standardized Trigonella foenum-graecum extract, in ameliorating the symptoms of PCOS over a period of 90 consecutive days ... The studies collectively demonstrated the efficacy of Furocyst® as a safe, natural phytochemical-based formulation to alleviate the symptoms of PCOS. No significant adverse events were observed" - See Furocyst® at Amazon.com.
• Resveratrol Improves Follicular Development of PCOS Rats by Regulating the Glycolytic Pathway - Mol Nutr Food Res 2021 Oct 19 - "Resveratrol suppressed damage to the ovaries in PCOS rats by restoring glycolytic activity, providing potential targets for the treatment of PCOS" - See resveratrol products at Amazon.com and resveratrol at iHerb.
• The effects of curcumin as dietary supplement for patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials - Phytother Res 2021 Sep 13 - "Those findings suggest that CUR confers clinical benefits in patients with PCOS. However, due to the limited number of the included studies, further high-quality studies are needed to establish the clinical efficacy of the CUR" - See curcumin at Amazon.com and iHerb.
• Effect of resveratrol administration on ovarian morphology, determined by transvaginal ultrasound for the women with PCOS - Br J Nutr 2021 Sep 1 - "Treatment with resveratrol significantly reduced the ovarian volume and PCOM, thus suggesting a disease-modifying effect in PCOS" - See resveratrol products at Amazon.com and resveratrol at iHerb.
• Dietary and serum omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and PCOS: A matched case-control study - Br J Nutr 2021 Aug 10 - "omega-3 PUFAs in serum phospholipids were inversely associated with PCOS prevalence, including total, long-chain and individual PUFAs (e.g., docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)). Compared to the lowest tertile (T1), the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the highest tertile (T3) were 0.63 (0.40, 0.93) for total omega-3 PUFAs, 0.60 (0.38, 0.92) for long-chain omega-3 PUFAs, 0.68 (0.45, 1.01) for DHA, 0.70 (0.45, 1.05) for EPA and 0.72 (0.45, 1.08) for DPA. For dietary intake of omega-3 PUFAs, significant inverse associations were found only for long-chain omega-3 PUFAs (p trend = 0.001), EPA (p trend = 0.047) and DHA (p trend = 0.030). Both dietary and serum omega-3 PUFAs, mainly EPA and DPA, were negatively correlated with PCOS-related parameters, such as BMI, fasting insulin, total testosterone and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), but positively correlated with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG)" - See omega-3 supplements at Amazon.com and iHerb.
• Acetyl-L-Carnitine Ameliorates Metabolic and Endocrine Alterations in Women with PCOS: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial - Adv Ther 2021 May 28 - "A total of 147 women with PCOS were randomly assigned into two groups: the combo group (n = 72) received a combination of metformin, pioglitazone, and ALC (500 mg, 15 mg, and 1500 mg, respectively), twice daily; the Met + Pio group (n = 75) received metformin plus pioglitazone (500 mg, 15 mg, respectively) and placebo (citric acid plus calcium carbonate), twice daily for 12 weeks ... addition of ALC therapy is superior to metformin plus pioglitazone in ameliorating insulin resistance, polycystic ovaries, menstrual irregularities, and hypoadiponectinemia in women with PCOS" - See acetyl l-carnitine products at Amazon.com.
• Inulin and metformin ameliorate polycystic ovary syndrome via anti-inflammation and modulating gut microbiota in mice - Endocr J. 2019 Jul 3 - "Mice were divided into 4 groups: control group (CON), model group (MOD), inulin group (INU), metformin group (MET). The last three groups were fed 6 mg of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) per 100 g body weight and 60% high-fat diet to generate mice model. After 21 days of intervention, mice were euthanized and associated indications were investigated. Body weight (BW) and testosterone (T) levels were significantly decreased, but estradiol (E2) levels were increased in INU or MET group, respectively. Ovary HE staining demonstrated that inulin or metformin ameliorated PCOS morphology. Inflammatory indicators from plasma and ovary including TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-17A were decreased in INU or MET group. Moreover, IL-10 in ovary of INU or MET group was increased. Sequencing and analysis of gut microbiota showed that compared to MOD group, Bifidobacterium was increased, but Proteobacteria, Helicobacter and Parasutterella were decreased in INU group. Helicobacter was decreased in MET group. Correlation analysis showed that gut microbiota was correlated with inflammatory factors. Our results revealed that inulin and metformin alleviated PCOS via anti-inflammation and modulating gut microbiota, which may contribute to potential clinical therapy for the disease" - See inulin at Amazon.com.
• Oral Carnitine Supplementation Reduces Body Weight and Insulin Resistance in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome - Medscape, 8/10/16 - "Overall, 12 weeks of carnitine administration in PCOS women resulted in reductions in weight, BMI, WC and HC, and beneficial effects on glycaemic control; however, it did not affect lipid profiles or free testosterone" - See L-carnitine at Amazon.com.
• Oral carnitine supplementation reduces body weight and insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial - Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2015 Dec 15 - "60 overweight patients diagnosed with PCOS were randomized to receive either 250 mg carnitine supplements (n=30) or placebo (n=30) for 12 weeks ... At the end of the 12 weeks, taking carnitine supplements resulted in a significant reduction in weight (-2.7±1.5 vs. +0.1±1.8 kg, P<0.001), BMI (-1.1±0.6 vs. +0.1±0.7 kg/m2 , P<0.001), waist circumference (WC) (-2.0±1.3 vs. -0.3±2.0 cm, P<0.001) and hip circumference (HC) (-2.5±1.5 vs. -0.3±1.8 cm, P<0.001) compared with placebo. In addition, compared with placebo, carnitine administration in women with PCOS led to a significant reduction in fasting plasma glucose (-0.38±0.36 vs. +0.11±0.97 mmol/L, P=0.01), serum insulin levels (-14.39±25.80 vs. +3.01±37.25 pmol/L, P=0.04), homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance (-0.61±1.03 vs. +0.11±1.43, P=0.04) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (-3.64±7.00 vs. -0.59±3.20 μmol/L, P=0.03)" - See L-carnitine at Amazon.com.
• Chromium Supplementation and the Effects on Metabolic Status in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial - Ann Nutr Metab. 2015 Jul 31 - "randomized to receive 200 µg chromium picolinate supplements (n = 32) or placebo (n = 32) for 8 weeks ... Chromium supplementation in women with PCOS resulted in significant decreases in serum insulin levels (-3.6 ± 7.4 vs. +3.6 ± 6.2 µIU/ml, p < 0.001), homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR; -0.8 ± 1.6 vs. +0.9 ± 1.5, p < 0.001), homeostatic model assessment-beta cell function (HOMA-B; -15.5 ± 32.3 vs. +13.6 ± 23.1, p < 0.001), and a significant increase in quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) score (+0.02 ± 0.03 vs. -0.008 ± 0.02, p = 0.001) compared with the placebo. In addition, a trend toward a significant effect of chromium supplementation on decreasing serum triglycerides (-12.4 ± 74.4 vs. +15.2 ± 32.4 mg/dl, p = 0.05), very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (-2.5 ± 14.9 vs. +3.0 ± 6.5 mg/dl, p = 0.05), and cholesterol concentrations (-8.6 ± 21.9 vs. +0.7 ± 22.4 mg/dl, p = 0.09) was seen" - See chromium supplements at Amazon.com.
• Metabolic response to selenium supplementation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial - Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2014 Dec 16 - "After 8 weeks of intervention, subjects who received selenium supplements had significantly decreased serum insulin levels (-29.83±47.29 vs. +9.07±77.12 pmol/L, P=0.013), homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (-1.15±1.81 vs. +0.42±3.09, P=0.011), homeostatic model assessment-Beta cell function (HOMA-B) (-19.06±30.95 vs. +4.55±47.99, P=0.017) and increased quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) (+0.03±0.04 vs. +0.0009±0.05, P=0.032) compared with placebo. In addition, supplementation with selenium resulted in a significant reduction in serum triglycerides (-0.14±0.55 vs. +0.11±0.30 mmol/L, P=0.025) and VLDL-C concentrations (-0.03±0.11 vs. +0.02±0.06 mmol/L, P=0.025) compared with placebo" - See se-methyl l-selenocysteine at Amazon.com.
• Resveratrol and desferoxamine protect human oxLDL-treated granulosa cell subtypes from degeneration - J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013 Oct 29 - "Obese women suffer from anovulation and infertility, which are driven by oxidative stress caused by increased levels of lipid peroxides and circulating oxidised low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL). OxLDL binds to lectin-like oxLDL receptor 1 (LOX-1), CD36, and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and causes cell death in human granulosa cells (GCs) ... To reveal whether treatment with antioxidants: resveratrol (RES) and/or desferoxamine (DFO) protect GCs from oxLDL-induced damage ... Granulosa cell cultures were treated with oxLDL alone or with resveratrol (RES) or desferoxamine (DFO) under serum-free conditions for up to 36 h ... Different subtypes of human GCs exposed to RES or DFO were protected as evidenced by lack of cell death, enhanced mitosis, reduced expression of LOX-1, TLR4, CD36, and Hsp-60, induction of protective autophagy, and reduction of oxidative stress markers. Importantly, RES could restore steroid-biosynthesis in cytokeratin-positive GCs which exhibited significant induction of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein ... RES and DFO exert a protective effect on human GCs. Thus, RES and DFO may help improving the treatment of obese women or PCOS patients undergoing IVF-therapy" - See resveratrol products at Amazon.com.
• Omega-3 Fatty Acids Improve Glucose Metabolism without Effects on Obesity Values and Serum Visfatin Levels in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome - J Am Coll Nutr. 2012 Oct;31(5):361-8 - "controlled clinical trial was conducted on 61 women who were diagnosed with PCOS, had a body mass index (BMI) between 25 and 40 kg/m(2), and were from 20-35 years old. Thirty of the subjects had taken four 1-g omega-3 fatty acids capsules per day, providing 1200 mg n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC PUFA), and 31 were given a placebo over 8 weeks ... Omega-3 fatty acids significantly decreased glucose (by 11.4%, p < 0.001), insulin (by 8.4%, p < 0.05), and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (by 21.8%, p < 0.001) compared with placebo" - See Mega Twin EPA at Amazon.com and Jarrow Max DHA at Amazon.com.
• Acupuncture May Bring Relief For Common Condition In Women, Study Suggests - Science Daily, 8/25/09
• Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation decreases liver fat content in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: a randomised controlled trial employing proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy - J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009 Jul 21 - "Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation has a beneficial effect on liver fat content and other cardiovascular risk factors in women with PCOS, including those with hepatic steatosis" - See Mega Twin EPA at Amazon.com and Jarrow Max DHA at Amazon.com.
• For Women With Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, Acupuncture And Exercise May Bring Relief, Reduce Risks - Science Daily, 6/29/09
• Role of vitamin D treatment in glucose metabolism in polycystic ovary syndrome - Fertil Steril. 2008 Oct 16 - "Treatment with the vitamin D(3) analogue (alphacalcidol) could be of value in the management of PCOS"
• Are There Natural Treatments for Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome? - Dr. Weil, 5/8/08
• Novel Fiber Limits Sugar Absorption - Life Extension Magazine, 9/04 - "A common cause of obesity in women is called polycystic ovary syndrome, which is caused by having high blood levels of insulin. Metformin helps women with polycystic ovary syndrome to lose weight"
• Cutting Calories Alone Eases PCOS - WebMD, 1/23/03
• N-Acetyl Cysteine Improves Insulin Resistance in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome - New Hope Natural Media, 12/12/02 - "PCOS ... affects up to 10% of all women of reproductive age ... characterized by enlargement of the ovaries, irregular menstrual cycle, failure to ovulate, obesity, high levels of insulin in the blood and insulin resistance, excessive hair growth (due to increased testosterone) and infertility. More than 50% of all women with PCOS have high insulin levels, which may be a risk factor for diabetes, high blood pressure, blood clots and heart disease ... Women with high initial insulin levels who took NAC had a significant reduction in insulin levels following the glucose tolerance test and also showed improved insulin sensitivity"

Other News:

• Resveratrol can help correct hormone imbalance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome - Science Daily, 10/21/16 - "total testosterone levels fell by 23.1 percent among the women who received the resveratrol supplement. In comparison, testosterone levels increased 2.9 percent in the placebo group. DHEAS declined by 22.2 percent in the resveratrol group, while the placebo group experienced a 10.5 percent increase in DHEAS levels ... In addition to moderating androgen hormones, the women who received resveratrol showed improvement in diabetes risk factors. Among the resveratrol group, fasting insulin levels dropped by 31.8 percent during the three-month study. The researchers also found the women who received resveratrol during the study became more responsive to the hormone insulin over the course of the study" - See Reserveage Nutrition - Resveratrol with Pterostilbene 500mg, Cellular Age-Defying Formula, 60 veg capsules at Amazon.com.
• Inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, skeletal muscle and polycystic ovary syndrome: Effects of pioglitazone and metformin treatment - Metabolism. 2013 Aug 16 - "PCOS may represent a state of elevated sensitivity of inflammatory cells in skeletal muscle to cytokines and chemokines, a property that could be reversed by pioglitazone treatment together with improved insulin action"
• Preventing Ovarian Hyperstimulation With Metformin - Medscape, 2/29/12
• Polycystic ovary syndrome and cardiovascular disease - Science Daily, 10/14/11
• Diabetes drug may prevent or delay development of polycystic ovary syndrome, the most common cause of infertility in women - Science Daily, 6/29/11
• Bisphenol A may have role in ovarian dysfunction - Science Daily, 1/13/11 - "Our research shows that BPA may be more harmful to women with hormonal and fertility imbalances like those found in PCOS ... These women should be alert to the potential risks and take care of themselves by avoiding excessive every-day consumption of food or drink from plastic containers ... Blood levels of BPA were nearly 60 percent higher in lean women with PCOS and more than 30 percent higher in obese women with the syndrome when compared to controls. Additionally, as BPA levels increased, so did concentrations of the male sex hormone testosterone and androstenedione, a steroid hormone that converts to testosterone"
• Endocrine Disruptors and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Elevated Serum Levels of Bisphenol A in Women with PCOS - J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Dec 30 - "In experimental animals, neonatal exposure to BPA results in a polycystic ovary-like syndrome (PCOS) in adulthood. A bidirectional interaction between androgens and BPA levels has been disclosed ... BPA levels were significantly higher in the total PCOS group compared with the controls (1.05+/-0.56 vs. 0.72+/-0.37ng/ml, P < 0.001). PCOS women, lean (PCOS-L) and overweight (PCOS-OW), had higher BPA levels compared to the corresponding control group lean (C-L) and overweight (C-OW): (PCOS-L = 1.13+/-0.63 vs. C-L = 0.70+/-0.36, P < 0.001) (PCOS-OW = 0.96 +/- 0.46 vs. C-OW = 0.72 +/- 0.39, P < 0.05). A significant association of testosterone (r = 0.192, P < 0.05) and androstenedione (r = 0.257, P < 0.05) with BPA was observed. Multiple regression analysis for BPA showed significant correlation with the existence of PCOS (r = 0.497, P < 0.05). BPA was also positively correlated with insulin resistance (Matsuda index) in the PCOS group"
• Women with polycystic ovary syndrome have higher BPA blood levels, study finds - Science Daily, 6/21/10 - "Excessive secretion of androgens -- masculinization-promoting hormones -- occurs in PCOS. The syndrome raises the risk of infertility, obesity, Type 2 diabetes and heart disease ... Blood levels of BPA, compared with those of controls, were nearly 60 percent higher in lean women with PCOS and more than 30 percent higher in obese women with the syndrome ... Additionally, as the BPA blood level increased, so did the concentrations of the male sex hormone testosterone and androstenedione, a steroid hormone that converts to testosterone"
• The effects of 8 months of metformin on circulating GGT and ALT levels in obese women with polycystic ovarian syndrome - Int J Clin Pract. 2008 Jun 19 - "treated with metformin 1500 or 2550 mg/day for 8 months ... Mean weight, serum ALT and GGT decreased from 100.3 to 96.6 kg (p < 0.0001), 29.7 to 25.8 U/l (p = 0.012) and 21.4 to 16.9 U/l (p < 0.0001) respectively ... In women with baseline ALT > 29.7 U/l (median), ALT reduction was highly significant (p = 0.005); however in those with baseline ALT < 29.7 U/l, ALT did not change despite similar weight reduction. There was no difference in reductions in ALT and GGT when the two metformin doses were compared"
• Increased serum Advanced Glycation End products is a distinct finding in lean women with PCOS - Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2008 Mar 20 - "PCOS women exhibited statistically higher AGEs levels"
• Metformin improves polycystic ovary syndrome symptoms irrespective of pre-treatment insulin resistance - Eur J Endocrinol. 2007 Nov;157(5):669-76 - "In the overweight and obese PCOS groups, metformin also showed the expected beneficial effects ... Metformin improves parameters of IR, hyperandrogenemia, anovulation, and acne in PCOS irrespective of pre-treatment IR or obesity"
• Standard Therapy More Effective Than Diabetes Drug in Helping Women With PCOS Achieve Pregnancy - Doctor's Guide, 2/8/07
• Clomiphene Best for PCOS Infertility - WebMD, 2/7/07
• Can Metformin Help Teenagers With PCO? - Medscape, 4/19/06
• Metformin Increases Ovulation in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Better than Clomiphene Citrate - Doctor's Guide, 10/21/05
• Simvastatin Improves Metabolic Profile and Clinical Symptoms Associated with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome - Doctor's Guide, 10/20/05
• Metformin and weight loss in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): comparison of doses - J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005 May 10 - "the Ob [obese] sub-group showed a dose relationship (1.5 Kg [3.3 lbs] and 3.6 Kg [7.9 lbs] in 1500 mg and 2550 mg groups respectively ... Suppression of androstenedione was significant with both metformin doses" - See metformin at The Antiaging Store.
• Study Finds Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Are at Increased Risk for Cardiovascular Disease - Doctor's Guide, 4/6/05
• Simvastatin Appears Safe and Effective for PCOS Patients - Medscape, 3/25/05
• Diet Drug May Treat Polycystic Ovary Syndrome - WebMD, 2/4/05
• Metformin-diet benefits in women with polycystic ovary syndrome in the bottom and top quintiles for insulin resistance - Metabolism. 2005 Jan;54(1):113-21 - "Metformin-diet metabolic effects were much more marked in women in the top vs the bottom quintile for IR. Women with PCOS in the bottom insulin-resistant quintile, conventionally thought not to respond optimally to metformin-diet, nevertheless experience significant metabolic and menstrual benefits. Metformin-diet should benefit most women with PCOS, even those with normal serum insulin, without IR"
• Polycystic Ovary Syndrome May Lead to Diabetes, Cardiovascular Disease - Medscape, 10/7/04
• Diabetic Drug, Rosiglitazone, Treats Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Symptoms - Doctor's Guide, 6/22/04
• Metformin Can Prevent Girls with Insulin Resistance from Developing Polycystic Ovary Syndrome - Doctor's Guide, 6/21/04 - "Early use of metformin in girls with insulin resistance can decrease the progression to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a common female endocrine disorder"
• Valproate Use May Lead to Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome - Doctor's Guide, 6/18/04
• Ovarian Problem Hits 6.6% of U.S. Women - WebMD, 6/4/04
• Largest Study Suggests More Women Have Polycystic Ovary Syndrome than Previously Estimated - Doctor's Guide, 6/4/04
• Hypocaloric Diet Helpful in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome - Medscape, 3/25/04
• Metformin Decreases Serum C-Reactive Protein in Women With Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome - Doctor's Guide, 10/28/03
• Metformin Seems to be Effective for Anovulation in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome - Doctor's Guide, 10/27/03
• Ovulatory Polycystic Ovary Syndrome A New Disorder - Doctor's Guide, 7/25/03
• First Proof that Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome More than Twice as Common in Lesbian Women - Doctor's Guide, 6/30/03
• Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Raises Risk of Heart Disease - WebMD, 6/9/03
• Transdermal Oestrogen may be Best for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome - Doctor's Guide, 4/28/03
• Weight Loss, Drugs Play a Role in Treatment of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome - Doctor's Guide, 2/17/03
• Weight Loss Improves Metabolic, Endocrine, and Clinical Parameters in Women - Medscape, 1/24/03
• Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Therapy Unaffected By Low-Dose Contraceptive - Doctor's Guide, 1/23/03