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Home > Anti-aging Research > Krill oil

Krill oil

Specific Recommendations:

News & Research:

  • Dietary supplementation with Lovaza and krill oil shortens the life span of long-lived F1 mice - Age (Dordr). 2014 May 10 - "Krill oil was 3 % and Lovaza 11 % of the oil in the diets. When their effects were analyzed together, the marine oils significantly shortened life span by 6.6 % (P = 0.0321; log-rank test) relative to controls. Individually, Lovaza and krill oil non-significantly shortened median life span by 9.8 and 4.7 %, respectively. Lovaza increased the number of enlarged seminal vesicles (7.1-fold). Lovaza and krill oil significantly increased lung tumors (4.1- and 8.2-fold) and hemorrhagic diathesis (3.9- and 3.1-fold). Analysis of serum from treated mice found that Lovaza slightly increased blood urea nitrogen, while krill oil modestly increased bilirubin, triglycerides, and blood glucose levels"
    • Lovaza - Wikipedia - "It is metabolized into Omega-3 fatty acids. It is a dietary supplement that has been purified, chemically altered, branded, and been put through the approval process of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration"
  • How Does Krill Oil Compare With Fish Oil? - Medscape, 3/5/12 - "More research is needed to determine whether krill oil is similar to fish or fish oil with regard to cardiovascular benefits"
  • Krill oil again shows obesity benefits: Mouse study - Nutra USA, 7/20/11
  • Krill oil may aid fat metabolism: Rat study - Nutra USA, 3/23/11 - "Six weeks of supplementation of diets with 2.5 percent krill oil or 2.5 percent fish oil were associated with cholesterol reduction of 33 and 21 percent, respectively, and liver triglyceride level reductions of 20 and 10 percent, respectively ... These data suggest a higher potency of krill oil in decreasing hepatic lipogenesis when compared to fish oil at relatively short periods of dietary treatment (2–3 weeks). Whether this effect is due to a better bioavailability of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in krill oil, or to a different ratio of EPA to DHA in the two oils is currently unknown" - [Abstract] - See krill oil products at iHerb.
  • Krill oil may counter metabolic dysfunctions: Human study - Nutra USA, 2/9/11
  • Krill oil may reduce arthritis symptoms: Mouse study - Nutra USA, 9/17/10 - "Results showed that animals supplemented with krill or fish oil experienced significant reductions in measures of arthritis and swelling of the hind paw compared to a control animals not supplemented with EPA and DHA. The effects were greater for the krill oil than fish oil ... the arthritis score was reduced by 47 percent in the krill oil group compared with 26 percent for animals in fish oil group" - [Abstract]

Abstracts:

  • Krill oil protects dopaminergic neurons from age-related degeneration through temporal transcriptome rewiring and suppression of several hallmarks of aging - Aging (Albany NY) 2022 Nov 9 - "There is accumulating evidence that interfering with the basic aging mechanisms can enhance healthy longevity. The interventional/therapeutic strategies targeting multiple aging hallmarks could be more effective than targeting one hallmark. While health-promoting qualities of marine oils have been extensively studied, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. Lipid extracts from Antarctic krill are rich in long-chain omega-3 fatty acids choline, and astaxanthin ... Krill oil rewires distinct gene expression programs that contribute to attenuating several aging hallmarks, including oxidative stress, proteotoxic stress, senescence, genomic instability, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Mechanistically, krill oil increases neuronal resilience through temporal transcriptome rewiring to promote anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammation via healthspan regulating transcription factors such as SNK-1. Moreover, krill oil promotes dopaminergic neuron survival through regulation of synaptic transmission and neuronal functions via PBO-2 and RIM-1. Collectively, krill oil rewires global gene expression programs and promotes healthy aging via abrogating multiple aging hallmarks, suggesting directions for further pre-clinical and clinical explorations" - See krill oil products at Amazon.com.
  • Krill Oil Turns Off TGF-β1 Profibrotic Signaling in the Prevention of Diabetic Nephropathy - J Agric Food Chem 2022 Aug 2 - "KO may prevent DN predominantly by suppressing the TGF-β1 signaling pathway" - See krill oil products at Amazon.com.
  • Krill oil improved osteoarthritic knee pain in adults with mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis: a 6-month multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial - Am J Clin Nutr 2022 Jul 26 - "Osteoarthritis (OA) is a major cause of chronic pain and disability worldwide. Treatment generally focuses on symptom relief through nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and analgesics, which may incur side effects. Krill oil, rich in anti-inflammatory long-chain (LC) omega-3 ( ω-3) PUFAs and astaxanthin, may be a safe and effective alternative treatment ... Krill oil was safe to consume and resulted in modest improvements in knee pain, stiffness, and physical function in adults with mild to moderate knee OA"
  • The effect of krill oil supplementation on skeletal muscle function and size in older adults: A randomised controlled trial - Clin Nutr 2022 Apr 20 - "randomised to either control or krill oil supplements (4g/day) for 6 months in this double blind randomised controlled trial ... Six months supplementation with krill oil resulted in, an increase in knee extensor maximal torque, grip strength and vastus lateralis muscle thickness, relative to control ... Increases in erythrocyte fatty acid profile were seen with krill oil for EPA 214% (95%CI: 166, 262%), DHA 36% (95%CI: 24, 48%) and the omega-3 index 61% (95%CI: 49, 73%), relative to control ... Krill oil supplementation for 6 months results in statistically and clinically significant increases in muscle function and size in healthy older adults"
  • Krill oil prevents lipopolysaccharide-evoked acute liver injury in mice through inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation - Food Funct 2022 Mar 11 - "Acute liver injury is a life-threatening syndrome that often results from the actions of viruses, drugs and toxins. Herein, the protective effect and potential mechanism of krill oil (KO), a novel natural product rich in long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids bound to phospholipids and astaxanthin, on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-evoked acute liver injury in mice were investigated ... KO or fish oil (FO) ... KO pretreatment significantly ameliorated LPS-evoked hepatic dysfunction indicated by reduced serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities and attenuated hepatic histopathological damage. KO pretreatment also mitigated LPS-induced hepatic oxidative stress, as evidenced by decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, elevated glutathione (GSH) levels, and elevated catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. Additionally, LPS-evoked overproduction of pro-inflammatory mediators in serum and the liver was inhibited by KO pretreatment. Furthermore, KO pretreatment suppressed LPS-induced activation of the hepatic toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)/NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) signaling pathway. Interestingly, the hepatoprotective effect of KO was superior to that of FO. Collectively, the current findings suggest that KO protects against LPS-evoked acute liver injury via inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation"
  • Similar eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid plasma levels achieved with fish oil or krill oil in a randomized double-blind four-week bioavailability study - Lipids Health Dis. 2015 Sep 2 - "A few studies suggested that the phospholipid form (krill) is better absorbed than the fish oil ethyl ester (EE) or triglyceride (TG) forms. Yet studies did not match the doses administered nor the concentrations of DHA and EPA per supplement across such comparisons, leading to questionable conclusions ... Similar plasma and RBC levels of EPA + DHA were achieved across fish oil and krill oil products when matched for dose, EPA, and DHA concentrations in this four week study, indicating comparable oral bioavailability irrespective of formulation"
  • Commentary on a trial comparing krill oil versus fish oil - Lipids Health Dis. 2014 Jan 2;13(1):2 - "The authors concluded that KO was more effective than FO for all three criteria. However, careful examination of the fatty acid profiles of the oils used showed that the FO used was not a typical FO; it contained linoleic acid as the dominant fatty acid (32%) and an n-6:n-3 ratio of >1. Due to the fatty acid profile being non-representative of typically commercially marketed FO, the conclusions presented by Ramrasath et al. (Lipids Health Dis 12:178, 2013) are not justified and misleading. Considerable care is needed in ensuring that such comparative trials do not use inappropriate ingredients" - Note:  It sounds like they designed the study so that the krill oil would win.  See:
  • Enhanced cognitive function and antidepressant-like effects after krill oil supplementation in rats - Lipids Health Dis. 2013 Jan 25;12(1):6 - "Imipramine (IMIP) ... active components (eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid and astaxanthin) in KO facilitate learning processes and provide antidepressant-like effects. Our findings also suggest that KO might work through different physiological mechanisms than IMIP"
  • Incorporation of EPA and DHA into plasma phospholipids in response to different omega-3 fatty acid formulations - a comparative bioavailability study of fish oil vs. krill oil - Lipids Health Dis. 2011 Aug 22;10(1):145 - "In a double-blinded crossover trial, we compared the uptake of three EPA+DHA formulations derived from fish oil (re-esterified triacylglycerides [rTAG], ethyl-esters [EE]) and krill oil (mainly PL). Changes of the FA compositions in plasma PL were used as a proxy for bioavailability. Twelve healthy young men (mean age 31 y) were randomized to 1680 mg EPA+DHA given either as rTAG, EE or krill oil. FA levels in plasma PL were analyzed pre-dose and 2, 4, 6, 8, 24, 48, and 72 h after capsule ingestion. Additionally, the proportion of free EPA and DHA in the applied supplements was analyzed ... The highest incorporation of EPA+DHA into plasma PL was provoked by krill oil (mean AUC 0-72h: 80.03 +/- 34.71 %*h), followed by fish oil rTAG (mean AUC 0-72h: 59.78 +/- 36.75 %*h) and EE (mean AUC 0-72h: 47.53 +/- 38.42 %*h). Due to high standard deviation values, there were no significant differences for DHA and the sum of EPA+DHA levels between the three treatments. However, a trend (p = 0.057) was observed for the differences in EPA bioavailability. Statistical pair-wise group comparison's revealed a trend (p = 0.086) between rTAG and krill oil. FA analysis of the supplements showed that the krill oil sample contained 22% of the total EPA amount as free EPA and 21% of the total DHA amount as free DHA, while the two fish oil samples did not contain any free FA" - See krill oil products at iHerb, Mega Twin EPA at Amazon.com and Jarrow Max DHA at Amazon.com. - Note: Eyeballing the math, it krill oil doesn't seem cost effective to me.
  • A krill oil supplemented diet reduces the activities of the mitochondrial tricarboxylate carrier and of the cytosolic lipogenic enzymes in rats - J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl). 2011 Feb 25 - "The mitochondrial tricarboxylate carrier supplies cytosol with the carbon units necessary for hepatic lipogenesis. The activities of cytosolic acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthetase are therefore strictly connected to the function of mitochondrial tricarboxylate carrier. Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are potent modulators of hepatic lipogenesis. In rats fed with a diet enriched with 2.5% krill oil (KO), a novel source of dietary n-3 PUFA, a time-dependent decrease in the activities of the mitochondrial tricarboxylate carrier and of the lipogenic enzymes was found. The KO induced inhibition of hepatic lipogenesis was more pronounced than that found in fish oil (FO)-fed rats, at least at short feeding times. The decrease in the activity of the mitochondrial tricarboxylate carrier caused by KO was due to a reduced expression of the protein. Furthermore, in the KO-fed animals a greater reduction in the levels of hepatic triglycerides and cholesterol was found in comparison to FO-fed rats"
  • Supplementation of diet with krill oil protects against experimental rheumatoid arthritis - BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2010 Jun 29;11:136 - "Consumption of krill oil and supplemented diet significantly reduced the arthritis scores and hind paw swelling when compared to a control diet not supplemented with EPA and DHA. However, the arthritis score during the late phase of the study was only significantly reduced after krill oil administration. Furthermore, mice fed the krill oil diet demonstrated lower infiltration of inflammatory cells into the joint and synovial layer hyperplasia, when compared to control. Inclusion of fish oil and krill oil in the diets led to a significant reduction in hyperplasia and total histology score. Krill oil did not modulate the levels of serum cytokines whereas consumption of fish oil increased the levels of IL-1alpha and IL-13 ... The study suggests that krill oil may be a useful intervention strategy against the clinical and histopathological signs of inflammatory arthritis"