|
|
Home >
Anti-aging Research > Krill oil
Krill oil
Specific Recommendations:
News & Research:
-
Dietary
supplementation with Lovaza and krill oil shortens the life span of
long-lived F1 mice - Age (Dordr). 2014 May 10 -
"Krill oil was 3 % and Lovaza 11 % of the oil in the diets. When their
effects were analyzed together, the marine oils significantly shortened life
span by 6.6 % (P = 0.0321; log-rank test) relative to controls.
Individually, Lovaza and krill oil non-significantly shortened median life
span by 9.8 and 4.7 %, respectively. Lovaza increased the number of enlarged
seminal vesicles (7.1-fold). Lovaza and krill oil significantly increased
lung tumors (4.1- and 8.2-fold) and hemorrhagic diathesis (3.9- and
3.1-fold). Analysis of serum from treated mice found that Lovaza slightly
increased blood urea nitrogen, while krill oil modestly increased bilirubin,
triglycerides, and blood glucose levels"
- Lovaza - Wikipedia
- "It is metabolized into Omega-3 fatty acids.
It is a dietary supplement that has been purified, chemically altered,
branded, and been put through the approval process of the U.S. Food and
Drug Administration"
-
How Does Krill Oil
Compare With Fish Oil? - Medscape, 3/5/12 -
"More research is needed to determine whether krill oil is similar to fish
or fish oil with regard to cardiovascular benefits"
-
Krill oil again shows obesity benefits: Mouse study - Nutra USA, 7/20/11
-
Krill oil may aid fat metabolism: Rat study - Nutra USA, 3/23/11 -
"Six weeks of supplementation of diets with 2.5
percent krill oil or 2.5 percent fish oil were associated with cholesterol
reduction of 33 and 21 percent, respectively, and liver triglyceride level
reductions of 20 and 10 percent, respectively ... These data suggest a
higher potency of krill oil in decreasing hepatic lipogenesis when compared
to fish oil at relatively short periods of dietary treatment (2–3 weeks).
Whether this effect is due to a better bioavailability of n-3
polyunsaturated fatty acids in krill oil, or to a different ratio of EPA to
DHA in the two oils is currently unknown"
- [Abstract] - See
krill oil products at iHerb.
-
Krill oil may counter metabolic dysfunctions: Human study - Nutra USA,
2/9/11
-
Krill oil may reduce arthritis symptoms: Mouse study - Nutra USA,
9/17/10 -
"Results showed that animals supplemented with krill
or fish oil experienced significant reductions in measures of arthritis and
swelling of the hind paw compared to a control animals not supplemented with
EPA and DHA. The effects were greater for the krill oil than fish oil ...
the arthritis score was reduced by 47 percent in the krill oil group
compared with 26 percent for animals in fish oil group" - [Abstract]
Abstracts:
-
Krill oil protects
dopaminergic neurons from age-related degeneration through temporal
transcriptome rewiring and suppression of several hallmarks of aging - Aging
(Albany NY) 2022 Nov 9 - "There is accumulating evidence
that interfering with the basic aging mechanisms can enhance healthy longevity.
The interventional/therapeutic strategies targeting multiple aging hallmarks
could be more effective than targeting one hallmark. While health-promoting
qualities of marine oils have been extensively studied, the underlying molecular
mechanisms are not fully understood. Lipid extracts from Antarctic krill are
rich in long-chain omega-3 fatty acids choline, and astaxanthin ... Krill oil
rewires distinct gene expression programs that contribute to attenuating several
aging hallmarks, including oxidative stress, proteotoxic stress, senescence,
genomic instability, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Mechanistically, krill oil
increases neuronal resilience through temporal transcriptome rewiring to promote
anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammation via healthspan regulating
transcription factors such as SNK-1. Moreover, krill oil promotes dopaminergic
neuron survival through regulation of synaptic transmission and neuronal
functions via PBO-2 and RIM-1. Collectively, krill oil rewires global gene
expression programs and promotes healthy aging via abrogating multiple aging
hallmarks, suggesting directions for further pre-clinical and clinical
explorations" - See
krill oil products at Amazon.com.
-
Krill Oil Turns Off TGF-β1
Profibrotic Signaling in the Prevention of Diabetic Nephropathy - J Agric
Food Chem 2022 Aug 2 - "KO may prevent DN predominantly
by suppressing the TGF-β1 signaling pathway" - See
krill oil products at Amazon.com.
-
Krill oil improved
osteoarthritic knee pain in adults with mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis: a
6-month multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial - Am
J Clin Nutr 2022 Jul 26 - "Osteoarthritis (OA) is a
major cause of chronic pain and disability worldwide. Treatment generally
focuses on symptom relief through nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
and analgesics, which may incur side effects. Krill oil, rich in
anti-inflammatory long-chain (LC) omega-3 ( ω-3) PUFAs and astaxanthin, may be a
safe and effective alternative treatment ... Krill oil was safe to consume and
resulted in modest improvements in knee pain, stiffness, and physical function
in adults with mild to moderate knee OA"
-
The effect of krill oil
supplementation on skeletal muscle function and size in older adults: A
randomised controlled trial - Clin Nutr 2022 Apr 20 -
"randomised to either control or krill oil supplements
(4g/day) for 6 months in this double blind randomised controlled trial ... Six
months supplementation with krill oil resulted in, an increase in knee extensor
maximal torque, grip strength and vastus lateralis muscle thickness, relative to
control ... Increases in erythrocyte fatty acid profile were seen with krill oil
for EPA 214% (95%CI: 166, 262%), DHA 36% (95%CI: 24, 48%) and the omega-3 index
61% (95%CI: 49, 73%), relative to control ... Krill oil supplementation for 6
months results in statistically and clinically significant increases in muscle
function and size in healthy older adults"
-
Krill oil prevents
lipopolysaccharide-evoked acute liver injury in mice through inhibition of
oxidative stress and inflammation - Food Funct 2022 Mar 11 -
"Acute liver injury is a life-threatening syndrome that
often results from the actions of viruses, drugs and toxins. Herein, the
protective effect and potential mechanism of krill oil (KO), a novel natural
product rich in long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids bound to
phospholipids and astaxanthin, on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-evoked acute liver
injury in mice were investigated ... KO or fish oil (FO) ... KO pretreatment
significantly ameliorated LPS-evoked hepatic dysfunction indicated by reduced
serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)
activities and attenuated hepatic histopathological damage. KO pretreatment also
mitigated LPS-induced hepatic oxidative stress, as evidenced by decreased
malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, elevated glutathione (GSH) levels, and elevated
catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. Additionally,
LPS-evoked overproduction of pro-inflammatory mediators in serum and the liver
was inhibited by KO pretreatment. Furthermore, KO pretreatment suppressed
LPS-induced activation of the hepatic toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear
factor-kappa B (NF-κB)/NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3
(NLRP3) signaling pathway. Interestingly, the hepatoprotective effect of KO was
superior to that of FO. Collectively, the current findings suggest that KO
protects against LPS-evoked acute liver injury via inhibition of oxidative
stress and inflammation"
-
Similar
eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid plasma levels achieved with fish
oil or krill oil in a randomized double-blind four-week bioavailability study
- Lipids Health Dis. 2015 Sep 2 - "A few studies
suggested that the phospholipid form (krill) is better absorbed than the fish
oil ethyl ester (EE) or triglyceride (TG) forms. Yet studies did not match the
doses administered nor the concentrations of DHA and EPA per supplement across
such comparisons, leading to questionable conclusions ... Similar plasma and RBC
levels of EPA + DHA were achieved across fish oil and krill oil products when
matched for dose, EPA, and DHA concentrations in this four week study,
indicating comparable oral bioavailability irrespective of formulation"
-
Commentary
on a trial comparing krill oil versus fish oil - Lipids Health Dis. 2014 Jan
2;13(1):2 - "The authors concluded that KO was more effective than FO for all
three criteria. However, careful examination of the fatty acid profiles of the
oils used showed that the FO used was not a typical FO; it contained linoleic
acid as the dominant fatty acid (32%) and an n-6:n-3 ratio of >1. Due to the
fatty acid profile being non-representative of typically commercially marketed
FO, the conclusions presented by Ramrasath et al. (Lipids Health Dis 12:178,
2013) are not justified and misleading. Considerable care is needed in ensuring
that such comparative trials do not use inappropriate ingredients" - Note:
It sounds like they designed the study so that the krill oil would win. See:
-
Enhanced increase of omega-3 index in healthy individuals with
response to 4-week n-3 fatty acid supplementation from krill oil
versus fish oil - lipidworld.com - "Competing
interests ... VRR and PJHJ declare no conflict of interest; IE and
SZ are employees of Enzymotec Ltd." (It's on page 10)
-
Enzymotec Ltd. Announces Publication Acceptance of Clinical Study
Results on K-REAL(TM) Usage Health Benefits Nasdaq:ENZY -
globenewswire.com, 12/3/13 - "Enzymotec Ltd.
(Nasdaq:ENZY), a developer, manufacturer and marketer of innovative
bio-active lipid ingredients, announced today the acceptance for
future publication of its clinical study results evaluating the
health benefits of K-REAL™, krill oil, compared with fish oil"
-
Enhanced
cognitive function and antidepressant-like effects after krill oil
supplementation in rats - Lipids Health Dis. 2013 Jan 25;12(1):6 -
"Imipramine (IMIP) ... active components
(eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid and astaxanthin) in KO facilitate
learning processes and provide antidepressant-like effects. Our findings also
suggest that KO might work through different physiological mechanisms than IMIP"
-
Incorporation of EPA and DHA into plasma phospholipids in response to different
omega-3 fatty acid formulations - a comparative bioavailability study of fish
oil vs. krill oil - Lipids Health Dis. 2011 Aug 22;10(1):145 -
"In a double-blinded crossover trial, we compared the
uptake of three EPA+DHA formulations derived from fish oil (re-esterified
triacylglycerides [rTAG], ethyl-esters [EE]) and krill oil (mainly PL). Changes
of the FA compositions in plasma PL were used as a proxy for bioavailability.
Twelve healthy young men (mean age 31 y) were randomized to 1680 mg EPA+DHA
given either as rTAG, EE or krill oil. FA levels in plasma PL were analyzed
pre-dose and 2, 4, 6, 8, 24, 48, and 72 h after capsule ingestion. Additionally,
the proportion of free EPA and DHA in the applied supplements was analyzed ...
The highest incorporation of EPA+DHA into plasma PL was provoked by krill oil
(mean AUC 0-72h: 80.03 +/- 34.71 %*h), followed by fish oil rTAG (mean AUC
0-72h: 59.78 +/- 36.75 %*h) and EE (mean AUC 0-72h: 47.53 +/- 38.42 %*h). Due to
high standard deviation values, there were no significant differences for DHA
and the sum of EPA+DHA levels between the three treatments. However, a trend (p
= 0.057) was observed for the differences in EPA bioavailability. Statistical
pair-wise group comparison's revealed a trend (p = 0.086) between rTAG and krill
oil. FA analysis of the supplements showed that the krill oil sample contained
22% of the total EPA amount as free EPA and 21% of the total DHA amount as free
DHA, while the two fish oil samples did not contain any free FA" - See
krill oil products at iHerb,
Mega Twin EPA at Amazon.com
and
Jarrow Max DHA at Amazon.com.
- Note: Eyeballing the math, it krill oil doesn't seem cost effective to me.
-
A
krill oil supplemented diet reduces the activities of the mitochondrial
tricarboxylate carrier and of the cytosolic lipogenic enzymes in rats - J
Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl). 2011 Feb 25 - "The
mitochondrial tricarboxylate carrier supplies cytosol with the carbon units
necessary for hepatic lipogenesis. The activities of cytosolic acetyl-CoA
carboxylase and fatty acid synthetase are therefore strictly connected to the
function of mitochondrial tricarboxylate carrier. Dietary polyunsaturated fatty
acids (PUFA) are potent modulators of hepatic lipogenesis. In rats fed with a
diet enriched with 2.5% krill oil (KO), a novel source of dietary n-3 PUFA, a
time-dependent decrease in the activities of the mitochondrial tricarboxylate
carrier and of the lipogenic enzymes was found. The KO induced inhibition of
hepatic lipogenesis was more pronounced than that found in fish oil (FO)-fed
rats, at least at short feeding times. The decrease in the activity of the
mitochondrial tricarboxylate carrier caused by KO was due to a reduced
expression of the protein. Furthermore, in the KO-fed animals a greater
reduction in the levels of hepatic triglycerides and cholesterol was found in
comparison to FO-fed rats"
-
Supplementation of diet with krill oil protects against experimental rheumatoid
arthritis - BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2010 Jun 29;11:136 -
"Consumption of krill oil and supplemented diet
significantly reduced the arthritis scores and hind paw swelling when compared
to a control diet not supplemented with EPA and DHA. However, the arthritis
score during the late phase of the study was only significantly reduced after
krill oil administration. Furthermore, mice fed the krill oil diet demonstrated
lower infiltration of inflammatory cells into the joint and synovial layer
hyperplasia, when compared to control. Inclusion of fish oil and krill oil in
the diets led to a significant reduction in hyperplasia and total histology
score. Krill oil did not modulate the levels of serum cytokines whereas
consumption of fish oil increased the levels of IL-1alpha and IL-13 ... The
study suggests that krill oil may be a useful intervention strategy against the
clinical and histopathological signs of inflammatory arthritis"
|
|