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Anti-aging Research > Inulin
Inulin (glycemic index 14)
Specific Recommendations:
News & Research:
-
Inulin - Wikipedia, the free
encyclopedia - "Inulins are a group of naturally
occurring polysaccharides produced by many types of plants"
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How Sugar Substitutes Stack Up - National Graphics, 7/17/13 -
"Xylitol is five percent less sweet than sugar, but it
has 40 percent fewer calories (9 calories versus sugar's 16) and a low glycemic
index" - Note: Sounds like a no-brainer. Add 5% more if you want the same
sweetness. I snack on pumpkin pie. For the sugar part, I replace it with a third
inulin, a third trehalose and a third xylitol. See
inulin at Amazon.com,
trehalose at Amazon.com
and xylitol at Amazon.com.
-
Inulin: Is This Commonly
Used Fiber Additive Friend or Foe? - Medscape, 9/19/19 -
"The amount of inulin that should be consumed depends on
individual tolerance and goals. In adults with specific conditions, the
following amounts are recommended[19]: For those with diabetes: 10 g/day for 8
weeks ... For weight loss: 10-30 g/day for 6-8 weeks ... To lower high
triglycerides: 14 g/day ... To relieve constipation: 12-40 g/day for 4 weeks"
- Note: I posted my
ice cream
recipe several times where I substituted have the sugar with inulin.
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Curiosity, Skepticism Over
New Algae-Derived Chinese Alzheimer's Drug - Medscape, 11/14/19 -
"Oligomannate is a drug manufactured from an
oligosaccharide extracted from marine algae and is the first novel drug approved
for AD globally since 2003 ... The drug works on the gut microbiome. It
reportedly reconditions dysbiosis of gut microbiota, inhibits the abnormal
increase of intestinal flora metabolites, and modulates peripheral and central
inflammation, thereby reducing amyloid protein deposition and tau
hyperphosphorylation to improve cognitive function" - See
oligosaccharide at Amazon.com.
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Fructooligosaccharide - "Inulin
can be degraded enzymatically or chemically to a mixture of
oligosaccharides" - See
inulin at Amazon.com.
-
What is inulin, and why is it showing up in so many food products? -
Washington Post, 6/12/19 - "Both inulin and FOS are
extracted from chicory root fiber, a natural dietary fiber that is extracted
using hot water from a plant that’s part of the dandelion family ...
Longer-chain inulin has a creamy mouthfeel, so it’s often used to help reduce
the fat content in products. Short-chain inulin (FOS) tastes slightly sweet, so
it’s used to help reduce some of the sugar and sugar substitutes in foods and
beverages. Inulin supplements and some foods and beverages will use a blend of
short- and longer-chain inulin ... Chicory root fiber passes through your small
intestine and then is fermented by the bacteria in your large intestine. As
noted above, taking in too much too quickly can lead to digestive discomfort —
which can happen with any fiber. In addition, some people seem to be more
sensitive to inulin and FOS than others, and may need to limit their consumption
... Inulin does have some digestive benefits. A blend of short- and long-chain
inulin has been shown to reduce discomfort and help with constipation. The fiber
increases the amounts of beneficial Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli bacteria in
the gut. The European Food Safety Association has approved the claim that
consuming at least 12 grams of chicory inulin or FOS a day eases constipation
... Inulin and FOS also may reduce our calorie intake and blood-sugar levels and
increase calcium absorption ... Chicory root fiber seems to slow down stomach
emptying and suppresses appetite signals in the brain, which could help you eat
less ... A weight-loss study of 44 people with pre-diabetes who were receiving
counseling from a dietitian found that the group taking inulin supplements for
18 weeks had a weight loss of 7.6 percent of body weight, compared with a weight
loss of 4.9 percent in the group taking cellulose, another type of fiber ...
Inulin also seems to lower glucose and insulin levels after meals in
average-weight and overweight people ... In prehistoric times — when we were
eating far more vegetables and gnawing at roots — it’s estimated that our
ancestors consumed about 135 grams of inulin a day. I wouldn’t recommend aiming
for those levels, given what our digestive levels are now accustomed. But we can
realistically reach much lower levels that promote health benefits ... Randal
Buddington, professor at the University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center,
likens increasing your inulin intake to exercising more. “If a couch potato
starts exercising with a very intense workout, the pain and agony may very well
keep them from continuing. If they start slow, and gradually build up, the
benefits will increase and the person will continue.”" - See
inulin at Amazon.com. See my
write-up in my 5/29/19 newsletter on using inulin to replace half the sugar in
an ice cream recipe. That and xanthan gum makes the creamiest ice cream
you'll find.
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Prebiotics reduce body fat in overweight children - Science Daily, 6/7/17 -
"Participants were randomly assigned to groups given
either the prebiotic fiber -- oligofructose-enriched inulin -- or a placebo,
once daily for 16 weeks. The prebiotic was provided as a white powder, mixed in
water ... Powdered fiber, mixed in a water bottle, taken once a day is all we
asked the children to change, and we got, what we consider, some pretty exciting
results -- it has been fantastic ... Based on four-month intervention data, the
annual projected body weight increase in the prebiotic group would be 3
kilograms (6.6 pounds), within the expected healthy range, whereas the projected
increase in the placebo group was 8 kilograms (17.6 pounds), almost triple the
expected yearly weight increase. Thus, supplementation with the prebiotic
improved outcomes in children who were overweight or obese. Importantly, the
researchers show that the prebiotic induced specific gut bacterial shifts
compared to placebo" - [Abstract]
- Note: 17.6 - 6.6 = 11 pounds difference or about a pound per month.
The abstract says they used 8 grams per day. See
inulin at Amazon.com.
-
Rats fed
a dietary fiber supplement had better weight control - Science Daily, 4/8/15
- "Despite having constant access to food high in fat
and sugar, rats given supplemental oligofructose fibre gained about one third
less weight than the control group ... microbiota in obese rats given
oligofructose were changed to be more similar to those of lean animals. Gut
hormones were also affected by the oligofructose, including an increase of a
hormone that helps control the sensation of satiety -- the feeling of being full
... In a 2009 human study that she led, adults receiving supplements of
oligofructose lost on average one kilogram over a 12 week period -- and perhaps
more importantly, didn't continue to gain weight" - See oligosaccharide at Amazon.com.
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Effect of Dietary Prebiotic
Supplementation in Pre-diabetes - Medscape, 10/1/14 -
"Thirty adults with pre-diabetes (Impaired Glucose
Tolerance or Impaired Fasting Glucose) aged between 40–60 years will be randomly
assigned to receive either 10 grams of prebiotic (inulin/oligofructose) daily or
10 grams placebo (maltodextrin) daily for 12 weeks ... Supplementation of the
diet with bifidogenic prebiotic fibres (such as inulin) may reduce or retard the
accumulation of AGEs in individuals at risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
Prebiotics have been shown to improve and restore optimal microbial balance
within the gastrointestinal tract, potentially reducing AGE absorption and/or
production by the human host. Preliminary investigations indicate that consuming
a high-AGE diet is sufficient to favour the proliferation of potentially
pathogenic colonic bacteria over more beneficial species. Consumption of
glycated proteins,[34] fried meats[61] and toasted wheat flakes[62] encouraged
the preferential growth of greater numbers of detrimental gram negative and
sulphate-reducing colonic micro-organisms when compared to control diets. Short
Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs) produced as a bacterial by-product of prebiotic
fermentation act to lower the intestinal pH, inhibiting the growth of
protein-degrading micro-organisms capable of producing potentially toxic
metabolites. SCFAs also stimulate colonic smooth muscle contractions, speeding
intestinal transit and limiting the time available for protein fermentation and
putrefaction to occur in the gut.[63] Therapeutic manipulation of the gut
microbiota with prebiotics may restore gut normobiosis and reduce AGE
accumulation in humans at risk for type 2 diabetes development by the following
mechanisms" - See
prebiotic supplements at Amazon.com.
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What are
fructooliogosaccharides and how do they provide digestive, immunity and bone
health benefits? - Science Daily, 7/16/13 -
"Fructooliogosaccharides are naturally found in chicory, onions, asparagus,
wheat, tomatoes and other fruits, vegetables and grains. They also can be
derived from cane sugar and seaweed for use as a low-calorie (1.5 -- 2 Kcal/g)
food sweetener and supplement. As scFOS provides approximately 30-to-50 percent
of the sweetness of regular sugar, it can be used to enhance flavor and lower
the amount of sugar in a food product ... In addition, scFOS are considered
prebiotics. After they are consumed, fructooliogosaccharides move to the large
intestine to stimulate the production of microbiota in the colon and
gastrointestinal track ... The regular addition of scFOS to the diet is "ideal
for maintaining mineral density and (bone) strength ... Most Americans,
including many formula-fed infants and children, do not get enough scFOS"
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Inulin plus resistant starch could be super-prebiotic - Nutra USA, 6/29/10 -
"the combination of the ingredients not only boosted
levels of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria in the animals’ intestine, but also
improved intestinal function"
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Artificial Sweetener May Lower Blood Pressure - WebMD, 11/20/09 -
"Systolic blood pressure dropped an average of 6.9
points in the OFS group, compared with 3.5 in the placebo group ... Diastolic
blood pressure decreased an average of 7.3 points in the OFS group vs. 2.3 in
the placebo group ... Levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein ( LDL
or “bad” cholesterol), and triglycerides also dropped more in participants given
OFS than in those who took placebo tablets" - See:
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Fructooligosaccharide - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia -
"Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) also sometimes
called oligofructose or oligofructan, is a class of oligosaccharides
used as an artificial or alternative sweetener. FOS exhibits sweetness
levels between 30 and 50 percent of sugar in commercially-prepared
syrups. [1] Its use emerged in the 1980s in response to consumer demand
for healthier and calorie-reduced foods. The term oligosaccharide refers
to a short chain of sugar molecules (in the case of FOS, fructose
molecules). Oligo means few, and saccharide means sugar"
- See
inulin at Amazon.com.
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Lifelong prebiotic supplements may enhance survival: rat study - Nutra
USA, 4/24/08 - "In terms of survival, at 18 months
of age, all the animals in the prebiotic group were still alive, compared to
76 per cent in the control group. After 24 months, 81 per cent of the rats
in the prebiotic group were alive, compared to only 52 per cent of controls"
- [Abstract]
-
Functional Foods & Nutraceuticals - Nutrition Science News, 7/00 -
"Plasma total cholesterol was reduced by 7.9 percent
and total triglycerides by 21.2 percent in young men consuming a 50 g
serving of a breakfast cereal fortified with 18 percent inulin for four
weeks during a study conducted at the University of Milan, Italy"
Abstracts:
-
The role of functional
oligosaccharides as prebiotics in ulcerative colitis - Food Funct 2022 Jul 4
- "The current studies on UC implicate a strong
correlation between host gut microbiota immunity and the pathogenesis of UC.
Meanwhile, more and more functional oligosaccharides have been reported as
prebiotics to alleviate UC, since many of them can be metabolized by gut
microbiota to produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The present review is
focused on the structure, sources and specific applications of various
functional oligosaccharides related to the prevention and treatment of UC. The
available evidence for the usage of functional oligosaccharides in UC treatment
are summarized, including fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS),
galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), chito-oligosaccharides (COS),
alginate-oligosaccharides (AOS), xylooligosaccharides (XOS), stachyose and
inulin" - See inulin at Amazon.com.
-
The role of functional
oligosaccharides as prebiotics in ulcerative colitis - Food Funct 2022 Jun
15 - "The current studies on UC implicate a strong
correlation between host gut microbiota immunity and the pathogenesis of UC.
Meanwhile, more and more functional oligosaccharides have been reported as
prebiotics to alleviate UC, since many of them can be metabolized by gut
microbiota to produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The present review is
focused on the structure, sources and specific applications of various
functional oligosaccharides related to the prevention and treatment of UC"
-
The impact of prebiotic
fructooligosaccharides on gut dysbiosis and inflammation in obesity and diabetes
related kidney disease - Food Funct 2022 May 18 -
"Recent studies have reported that gut dysbiosis aggravates the progression of
obesity and diabetes by increasing the production of uremic toxins in
conjunction with gut barrier dysfunction which then leads to increased passage
of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) into the blood circulatory system eventually
causing systemic inflammation. Therefore, the modification of gut microbiota
using a prebiotic supplement may assist in the restoration of gut barrier
function and reduce any disturbance of the inflammatory response ... The
evidence confirms that FOS supplementation could improve the pathological
changes associated with obesity and diabetes related kidney disease, however,
knowledge concerning the mechanisms involved is still limited and needs further
elucidation" - See inulin at Amazon.com.
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Inulin activates FXR-FGF15
signaling and further increases bile acids excretion in non-alcoholic fatty
liver disease mice - Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022 Feb 10 -
"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a
metabolic disorder defined as the presence of intrahepatic lipid deposition and
steatosis as well as chronic inflammation without excessive alcohol consumption.
Our previous studies found that inulin could dramatically improve lipid
metabolism disorders in NAFLD murine models ... we found that inulin treatment
significantly reversed the abnormal accumulation of bile acids in
high-fat-induced NAFLD mice. Furthermore, our data confirmed that inulin
supplementation attenuates NAFLD via restoring the activity of FXR accompanied
by increasing hepatic bile acids de novo synthesis and further enhancing bile
acids excretion in mice"
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Prebiotic Oligosaccharides
Enhance Iron Absorption Via Modulation of Protein Expression and Gut Microbiota
in a Dose-response Manner in Iron-deficient Growing Rats - Mol Nutr Food Res
2022 Feb 20 - "Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in children
is one of the most common nutrition-related health conditions worldwide.
Prebiotic oligosaccharides, fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) and
galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), have shown to affect iron absorption in anemic
subjects, but the results in previous studies were inconsistent, thus the
underlying mechanism and the effective dose of GOS in mitigating anemia remain
unclear ... For the first time, the present study provided evidence that GOS
supplementation induced a dose-response effect on iron absorption and gut
microbiota in the established model, suggesting a positive role of GOS in
ameliorating IDA in children" - See
fructo-oligosaccharides supplements at
Amazon.com and iron supplements at Amazon.com.
-
Oligofructose-enriched
inulin intake, gut microbiome characteristics and the V̇O2peak response to
high-intensity interval training in healthy inactive adults - J Nutr 2021
Dec 15 - "The gut microbiome has been associated with
cardiorespiratory fitness ... Forty sedentary and apparently healthy adults (n =
31 females; age = 31.8±9.8 years, BMI = 25.9±4.3 kg·m-2) were randomly allocated
to: i) six weeks of supervised HIIT (4×4 min bouts at 85-95% HRpeak,
interspersed with 3 min of active recovery, 3·week-1) + 12 g·day-1 of
FOS-enriched inulin (HIIT-I) or ii) six weeks of supervised HIIT (3·week-1, 4×4
min bouts) + 12 g·day-1 of maltodextrin/placebo (HIIT-P) ... FOS-enriched inulin
supplementation did not potentiate HIIT-induced improvements in V̇O2peak, but
led to gut microbiome changes possibly associated with greater ventilatory
threshold improvements in healthy inactive adults"
-
Fructooligosaccharides on
inflammation, immunomodulation, oxidative stress, and gut immune response: a
systematic review - Nutr Rev 2021 Dec 30 - "Studies
suggest that FOS supplementation is positively associated with an
anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect, thus enhancing the gut immune system,
which may be beneficial for the host's health"
-
Fructooligosaccharides
Increase in Plasma Concentration of (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate in Rats -
J Agric Food Chem 2021 Dec 15 -
"(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) undergoes auto-oxidation at physiological
pH and therefore may be poorly absorbed in the intestine. Fructooligosaccharides
(FOS), comprising a group of 1-kestose, nystose, and 1F-β
fructofuranosyl-nystose, are fermentable by gut bacteria and converted mainly
into lactate. This study was conducted to determine whether dietary FOS may help
to increase the plasma concentration of EGCG in rats by preventing it from
auto-oxidation ... Because EGCG concentrations in the cecal digesta of rats fed
the FOS-containing diet maintained comparatively high levels, FOS likely
contributed to the protection of EGCG from auto-oxidation. In conclusion, FOS
reduced the pH of the lumen of the intestine, kept EGCG intact to a certain
degree, and consequently allowed EGCG to be taken into the blood circulation
from the intestine" - See
fructo-oligosaccharides supplements at
Amazon.com and inulin at Amazon.com.
-
Prebiotics: A look at FOS & Inulin -
optibacprobiotics.com - "The
principal difference between these two prebiotics is their
structural difference. Fructooligosaccharides are shorter
chain molecules and are linear in their molecular structure,
whereas inulin is slightly longer and has more cross-links
in its structure"
-
Neuroprotective Potential of Non-Digestible Oligosaccharides: An Overview of
Experimental Evidence - Front. Pharmacol., 23 August 2021 -
"Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative
disorder characterized by cognitive and memory impairments (Kumar and Singh
2015). It also results in the formation of neurofibrillary tangles from
abnormally phosphorylated tau and abnormal accumulation of amyloid plaques
(Drummond and Wisniewski 2017). Animal models play a crucial role in defining
disease-associated mechanisms and have been of prime importance in evaluating
the effectiveness of novel therapeutic agents (Drummond and Wisniewski 2017). In
a rodent model of AD, COS (chitosan oligosaccharides) (200, 400, or 800 mg/kg BW
for 2 weeks) were found effective in reducing cognitive deficits in
amyloid-β-1–42-induced rats ... A significant number of research findings have
demonstrated the link between gut microbiota alterations on the onset of ASD.
The beneficial effect of probiotic administration in ASD children is evaluated
by many researchers as they are known to restore gut microbiota and downregulate
ASD symptoms. Probiotic strains, viz., Lactobacillus acidophilus (Liu et al.,
2017), Lactobacillus plantarum (Shaaban et al., 2018), Lactobacillus rhamnosus (Kałużna-Czaplińska
and Błaszczyk, 2012), and Bifidobacterium longum (Niu et al., 2019) have shown
therapeutic potential towards ASD" - [Nutra
USA] - See fructo-oligosaccharides
supplements at Amazon.com.
-
Prebiotic Food Intake May
Improve Bone Resorption in Japanese Female Athletes: A Pilot Study - Sports
(Basel) 2021 Jun 4 - "The aim of the present study was
to clarify the influence of inulin and lactulose-fortified prebiotic food
intakes on bone metabolism turnover among Japanese female athletes. The
participants included 29 female athletes aged 18-25 years. They were requested
to consume their habitual foods or drinks with one pack of prebiotic food every
day for 12 weeks ... The occupation ratio of Bifidobacterium spp. was
significantly increased at 3 and 4 weeks (18.0 ± 8.3% and 17.6 ± 8.5%,
respectively) compared to that of pre-intervention (11.7 ± 7.3%) (p = 0.019 and
p = 0.035, respectively). The serum TRACP-5b level was significantly decreased
at 12 weeks (363 ± 112 mU/dL) compared to that at baseline (430 ± 154 mU/dL) (p
= 0.018). These results suggest that the prebiotic food used in this study might
have beneficial effects on bone health and gut microbial environment among
female athletes" - [Nutra
USA] - See inulin at Amazon.com.
-
Improvement of colonic
healing and surgical recovery with perioperative supplementation of inulin and
galacto-oligosaccharides - Clin Nutr 2021 Apr 27 - "galacto-oligosaccharides
(GOS) ... Dietary supplementation with inulin and GOS may improve anastomotic
healing and reinforce the gut barrier in mice" - See
inulin at Amazon.com.
-
The effects of
co-administration of probiotics and prebiotics on chronic inflammation, and
depression symptoms in patients with coronary artery diseases: a randomized
clinical trial - Nutr Neurosci 2021 Feb 28 - "we are
interested in exploring of anti-inflammatory and anti-depressant effects of
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus G (LGG), a probiotic strain, alone or in combination
with a prebiotic, Inulin, in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) ...
This randomized, double-blind clinical trial was held on 96 patients with CAD.
Patients were randomly allocated into four different groups: LGG [a capsule/day,
contained 1.9 × 109 colony-forming unit of Lactobacillus Rhamnosus G], inulin
(15 g/day), co-supplemented (LGG and inulin), and placebo. Participants consumed
the supplements for two months. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), MacNew
questionnaire and Spielberger state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI-Y) were used
to assess depression, quality of life and anxiety, respectively. Serum levels of
C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), tumor necrosis factor
(TNF)-α, and Interleukin (IL)-10 were also measured ... Co-supplementation of
probiotics and inulin in CAD subjects for eight weeks had beneficial effects on
depression, anxiety, and inflammatory biomarkers. Adding inulin to probiotic
supplements improved psychological outcomes and inflammatory biomarkers more
effectively than two supplements separately" - See
probiotic supplements at Amazon.com
and prebiotic supplements at
Amazon.com.
-
Prebiotic
dietary fibre intervention improves fecal markers related to inflammation in
obese patients: results from the Food4Gut randomized placebo-controlled trial
- Eur J Nutr 2021 Feb 5 - "Inulin-type fructans (ITF)
are prebiotic dietary fibre (DF) that may confer beneficial health effects, by
interacting with the gut microbiota ... articipants received either 16 g/d
native inulin (prebiotic n = 12) versus maltodextrin (placebo n = 12), coupled
to dietary advice to consume inulin-rich versus inulin-poor vegetables for 3
months, in addition to dietary caloric restriction ... Both placebo and
prebiotic interventions lowered energy and protein intake. A substantial
increase in Bifidobacterium was detected after ITF treatment (q = 0.049)
supporting our recent data obtained in a larger cohort. Interestingly, fecal
calprotectin, a marker of gut inflammation, was reduced upon ITF treatment ...
Our study demonstrates that ITF-prebiotic intake during 3 months decreases a
fecal marker of intestinal inflammation in obese patients. Our data point to a
potential contribution of microbial lipid-derived metabolites in
gastro-intestinal dysfunction related to obesity" - [Nutra
USA]
-
Fructo-oligosaccharides
lower serum lipid levels and suppress high-fat/high-sugar diet-induced
inflammation by elevating serum and gut levels of short-chain fatty acids -
J Int Med Res. 2019 Dec 31 - Note: It doesn't show that abstract but I
guess the title summarizes it.
-
Moderate intensity
exercise training combined with inulin-propionate ester supplementation
increases whole body resting fat oxidation in overweight women - Metabolism.
2019 Nov 29 - "Our previous work has shown that oral
supplementation with inulin propionate ester (IPE) reduces intra-abdominal fat
and prevents weight gain and that oral propionate intake enhances resting fat
oxidation. The effects of IPE combined with exercise training on energy
substrate utilisation are unknown ... Moderate intensity exercise training
programmes when combined with daily oral IPE supplementation may help overweight
women to achieve increase in fat oxidation"
-
Inulin and metformin
ameliorate polycystic ovary syndrome via anti-inflammation and modulating gut
microbiota in mice - Endocr J. 2019 Jul 3 - "Mice
were divided into 4 groups: control group (CON), model group (MOD), inulin group
(INU), metformin group (MET). The last three groups were fed 6 mg of
dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) per 100 g body weight and 60% high-fat diet to
generate mice model. After 21 days of intervention, mice were euthanized and
associated indications were investigated. Body weight (BW) and testosterone (T)
levels were significantly decreased, but estradiol (E2) levels were increased in
INU or MET group, respectively. Ovary HE staining demonstrated that inulin or
metformin ameliorated PCOS morphology. Inflammatory indicators from plasma and
ovary including TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-17A were decreased in INU or MET group.
Moreover, IL-10 in ovary of INU or MET group was increased. Sequencing and
analysis of gut microbiota showed that compared to MOD group, Bifidobacterium
was increased, but Proteobacteria, Helicobacter and Parasutterella were
decreased in INU group. Helicobacter was decreased in MET group. Correlation
analysis showed that gut microbiota was correlated with inflammatory factors.
Our results revealed that inulin and metformin alleviated PCOS via
anti-inflammation and modulating gut microbiota, which may contribute to
potential clinical therapy for the disease"
-
Mid-life microbiota
crises: middle age is associated with pervasive neuroimmune alterations that are
reversed by targeting the gut microbiome - Mol Psychiatry. 2019 May 16 -
"Male middle age is a transitional period where many
physiological and psychological changes occur leading to cognitive and
behavioural alterations, and a deterioration of brain function. However, the
mechanisms underpinning such changes are unclear. The gut microbiome has been
implicated as a key mediator in the communication between the gut and the brain,
and in the regulation of brain homeostasis, including brain immune cell function
... Male young adult (8 weeks) and middle-aged (10 months) C57BL/6 mice received
diet enriched with a prebiotic (10% oligofructose-enriched inulin) or control
chow for 14 weeks. Prebiotic supplementation differentially altered the gut
microbiota profile in young and middle-aged mice with changes correlating with
faecal metabolites. Functionally, this translated into a reversal of
stress-induced immune priming in middle-aged mice. In addition, a reduction in
ageing-induced infiltration of Ly-6Chi monocytes into the brain coupled with a
reversal in ageing-related increases in a subset of activated microglia (Ly-6C+)
was observed. Taken together, these data highlight a potential pathway by which
targeting the gut microbiome with prebiotics can modulate the peripheral immune
response and alter neuroinflammation in middle age. Our data highlight a novel
strategy for the amelioration of age-related neuroinflammatory pathologies and
brain function" - [Nutra
USA]
-
Inulin Improves
Postprandial Hypertriglyceridemia by Modulating Gene Expression in the Small
Intestine - Nutrients. 2018 Apr 25;10(5) - "Inulin
supplementation in western diet-fed mice decreases postprandial serum
triglycerides concentration, decreases the mRNA expression levels of Cd36 (fatty
acid receptor involved in lipid uptake and sensing) and apolipoprotein C3
(Apoc3, inhibitor of lipoprotein lipase) in the jejunum and increases fecal
lipid excretion. In conclusion, inulin improves postprandial
hypertriglyceridemia by targeting intestinal lipid metabolism. This work
confirms the interest of using inulin supplementation in the management of
dyslipidemia linked to obesity and cardiometabolic risk" - [Nutra
USA]
-
Oligofructose Provides
Laxation for Irregularity Associated with Low Fiber Intake - Nutrients. 2017
Dec 18;9(12) - "The present study is a randomized
control trial that included healthy adult participants with ≤3 bowel
movements/week and a habitual low dietary fiber intake in a parallel design to
evaluate the benefits for laxation by supplementing the daily diet with
oligofructose (Orafti® P95; OF), a fermentable source of fiber and established
prebiotic (n = 49); maltodextrin was the placebo (n = 48). After a run-in phase,
OF was initially provided at 5 g/day, then increased to 10 and 15 g/day with
four weeks for each phase. Stool frequency (bowel movements per week) for the OF
and maltodextrin (MD) groups were initially similar (3.98 ± 1.49 vs. 4.06 ±
1.48), did not change for the placebo group, but increased for the OF group with
the difference significant at 15 g/day (p = 0.023). Stool consistency was
similar and remained unchanged at all doses for both groups. Gastrointestinal
sensations were low for both groups. Laxation benefits were especially
pronounced for participants with >13 g/day habitual dietary fiber intake, with
significant laxation at 10 g and 15 g OF/day (p = 0.04 and p = 0.004,
respectively)" - [Nutra
USA] - See oligofructose at Amazon.com.
-
Inulin-type fructans and
whey protein both modulate appetite but only fructans alter gut microbiota in
adults with overweight/obesity: a randomized controlled trial - Mol Nutr
Food Res. 2017 Jul 21 - "125 adults with
overweight/obesity were randomly assigned to receive isocaloric snack bars of:
1) Control; 2) Inulin-type fructans (ITF); 3) Whey protein; 4) ITF + Whey
protein ... Compared to Control, body fat was significantly reduced in the Whey
protein group at 12wks. Hunger, desire to eat and prospective food consumption
were all lower with ITF, Whey protein and ITF + Whey protein compared to Control
at 12 wks. Microbial community structure differed from 0 to 12 wks in the ITF
and ITF +Whey Protein groups (i.e. increased Bifidobacterium) but not Whey
Protein or Control ... Adding ITF, whey protein or both to snack bars improved
several aspects of appetite control. Changes in gut microbiota may explain in
part the effects of ITF but likely not whey protein" - See
whey protein at Amazon.com and
Inulin at Amazon.com.
-
Targeting the gut
microbiota with inulin-type fructans: preclinical demonstration of a novel
approach in the management of endothelial dysfunction - Gut. 2017 Apr 4 -
"inulin-type fructans (ITFs) supplementation ... ITF
supplementation totally reverses endothelial dysfunction in mesenteric and
carotid arteries of n-3 PUFA-depleted Apoe-/- mice via activation of the nitric
oxide (NO) synthase/NO pathway. Gut microbiota changes induced by prebiotic
treatment consist in increased NO-producing bacteria, replenishment of abundance
in Akkermansia and decreased abundance in bacterial taxa involved in secondary
BA synthesis. Changes in gut and liver gene expression also occur upon ITFs
suggesting increased glucagon-like peptide 1 production and BA turnover as
drivers of endothelium function preservation" - [Nutra
USA]
-
Oligofructose decreases
serum lipopolysaccharide and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in adults with
overweight/obesity - Obesity (Silver Spring). 2017 Mar;25(3):510-513 -
"Participants were randomized to 21 g of oligofructose
(n = 20; BMI 30.4 kg/m2 ) or a maltodextrin placebo (n = 17; BMI 29.5 kg/m2 )
for 12 weeks ... plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) ...
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) ... Plasma LPS concentrations were reduced by 40% in
the oligofructose group over 12 weeks compared to a 48% increase in the placebo
group ... Oligofructose reduces metabolic endotoxemia and PAI-1. Incorporating
prebiotics into the diet through supplements or functional foods may help
mitigate some markers of obesity-associated inflammation" - [Nutra
USA] - See oligofructose at Amazon.com.
-
The effects of synbiotic
supplementation on markers of insulin metabolism and lipid profiles in
gestational diabetes: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial -
Br J Nutr. 2016 Sep 29:1-8 - "Patients in the synbiotic
group received a daily capsule that contained three viable and freeze-dried
strains: Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei and Bifidobacterium
bifidum (2×109 colony-forming units/g each) plus 800 mg inulin for 6 weeks ...
After 6 weeks of intervention, compared with the placebo, synbiotic
supplementation led to a significant decrease in serum insulin levels (-1·5 (sd
5·9) v. +4·8 (sd 11·5) µIU/ml, P=0·005), homoeostatic model assessment for
insulin resistance (-0·4 (sd 1·3) v. +1·1 (sd 2·7), P=0·003) and homoeostatic
model assessment for β cell function (-5·1 (sd 24·2) v. +18·9 (sd 45·6),
P=0·008) and a significant increase in quantitative insulin sensitivity check
index (+0·01 (sd 0·01) v. -0·007 (sd 0·02), P=0·02). In addition, synbiotic
intake significantly decreased serum TAG (-14·8 (sd 56·5) v. +30·4 (sd 37·8)
mg/dl, P<0·001) and VLDL-cholesterol concentrations (-3·0 (sd 11·3) v. +6·1 (sd
7·6) mg/dl, P<0·001) compared with the placebo" - [Nutra
USA] - See
synbiotic products at Amazon.com,
probiotic products at Amazon.com
and
inulin at Amazon.com.
-
Effects of
synbiotic supplementation on insulin resistance in subjects with the metabolic
syndrome: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study - Br J
Nutr. 2014 May 22:1-8 - "placebo-controlled pilot study on thirty-eight subjects
with the metabolic syndrome; they were supplemented with either synbiotic
capsules containing 200 million of seven strains of friendly bacteria plus
fructo-oligosaccharide or placebo capsules twice a day for 28 weeks ... After 28
weeks of treatment, the levels of fasting blood sugar and insulin resistance
improved significantly in the G1 group"
-
Transcriptional response of HT-29 intestinal epithelial cells to human and
bovine milk oligosaccharides - Br J Nutr. 2013 May 28:1-11 -
"The present study suggests that milk oligosaccharides
contribute to the development and maturation of the intestinal immune response
and that bovine milk may be an attractive commercially viable source of
oligosaccharides for such applications"
-
Prebiotics
to Fight Diseases: Reality or Fiction? - Phytother Res. 2012 Dec 27 -
"This review focuses on the short-chain low-digestible
carbohydrates (LDCs) which are metabolized by gut microbiota serving as energy
source, immune system enhancers or facilitators of mineral uptake. Intake of
foods containing LDCs can improve the state of health and may prevent diseases
as for example certain forms of cancer. Given the large number of different
molecules belonging to LDCs, we focused our attention on fructans (inulin,
fructo-oligosaccharides), galacto-oligosaccharides and resistant starches and
their therapeutic and protective applications. Evidence is accumulating that
LDCs can inhibit bacterial and viral infections by modulating host defense
responses and by changing the interactions between pathogenic and beneficial
bacteria. Animal studies and studies on small groups of human subjects suggest
that LDCs might help to counteract colorectal cancer, diabetes and metabolic
syndrome. The action mechanisms of LDCs in the human body might be broader than
originally thought, perhaps also including reactive oxygen species scavenging
and signaling events"
-
Effect of
the consumption of a new symbiotic shake on glycemia and cholesterol levels in
elderly people with type 2 diabetes mellitus - Lipids Health Dis. 2012 Feb
22;11:29 - "A randomized, double-blind,
placebo-controlled study was conducted on twenty volunteers (ten for placebo
group and ten for symbiotic group), aged 50 to 60 years ... Over a total test
period of 30 days, 10 individuals (the symbiotic group) consumed a daily dose of
200 mL of a symbiotic shake containing 10(8) UFC/mL Lactobacillus acidophilus,
10(8) UFC/mL Bifidobacterium bifidum and 2 g oligofructose, while 10 other
volunteers (the placebo group) drank daily the same amount of a shake that did
not contain any symbiotic bacteria ... The results of the symbiotic group showed
a non-significant reduction (P > 0.05) in total cholesterol and triglycerides, a
significant increase (P < 0.05) in HDL cholesterol and a significant reduction
(P < 0.05) in fasting glycemia. No significant changes were observed in the
placebo group"
-
Beneficial
effects of catechin-rich green tea and inulin on the body composition of
overweight adults - Br J Nutr. 2011 Oct 28:1-6 -
"The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the effect of
catechin-rich green tea in combination with inulin affects body weight and fat
mass in obese and overweight adults. A total of thirty subjects were divided
into a control group and an experimental group who received 650 ml tea or
catechin-rich green tea plus inulin. A reduction of body weight ( - 1.29 (sem
0.35) kg) and fat mass (0.82 (sem 0.27) kg) in the experimental group was found
after 6 weeks, and no adverse effects were observed. After refraining from
consumption for 2 weeks, sustained effects on body weight and fat mass were
observed. We conclude that continuous intake of catechin-rich green tea in
combination with inulin for at least 3 weeks may be beneficial for weight
management" - Note: 1.29 kg is 2.8 pounds. See
inulin products at Amazon.com
and
green tea extract at Amazon.com.
-
Dietary
fructo-oligosaccharides improve insulin sensitivity along with the
suppression of adipocytokine secretion from mesenteric fat cells in rats
- Br J Nutr. 2011 Jun 2:1-8 - "Short-chain
fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) are known to have beneficial effects on
health. However, the effects of FOS on insulin resistance have not been
fully clarified. We observed the effects of FOS feeding on insulin
sensitivity and adipocytokine release from abdominal adipocytes in weaning
rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats, 3 weeks old, were divided into three groups
and fed a sucrose-based American Institute of Nutrition (AIN)-93 growth diet
(control), the control diet containing 5 % FOS for 5 weeks (FOS-5wk) or the
control diet for 2 weeks followed by the 5 % FOS diet for 3 weeks (FOS-3wk).
Tail blood was collected after fasting for 9 h on day 33 of feeding, and
glucose and insulin levels were measured. On the last day, rats were
anaesthetised and killed after the collection of aortic blood. Small- and
large-intestinal mesenteric fat tissues were immediately excised, and the
release of adiponectin, leptin and TNF-α was evaluated from the subsequently
isolated adipocytes. The weight of the large-intestinal mesenteric fat,
fasting blood insulin level and homeostatic model assessment for insulin
resistance decreased in a time-dependent manner, and were much lower in the
FOS-5wk group than in the control group. These values were correlated with
aortic blood leptin levels. The secretion rate of leptin from the isolated
mesenteric adipocytes in the small intestine, but not in the large
intestine, was lower in the FOS-fed groups than in the control group. In
conclusion, FOS feeding improved insulin sensitivity accompanied by the
reduction in large-intestinal fat mass and leptin secretion from the
mesenteric adipocytes of the small intestine"
-
Effects of lifelong intervention with an oligofructose-enriched inulin in
rats on general health and lifespan - Br J Nutr. 2008 Apr 11;:1-8 -
"a diet with 10 % of an oligofructose-enriched inulin
(Synergy1) ... During the whole intervention period, male rats receiving
Synergy1 (SYN1-M) displayed lower body weight, cholesterol and plasma
triacylglycerolaemia compared with the controls (Cont-M). The survival rate
at 24 months of age of SYN1-M rats was 35.3 % greater than that of Cont-M
rats. In female rats, the Synergy1 supplementation (SYN1-F) group also
reduced body weight, cholesterol and triacylglycerolaemia levels, but
results were less consistent over the experiment. The survival rate at 24
months of age in SYN1-F rats was 33.3 % greater compared with that of the
control (Cont-F) group. To conclude, lifelong intervention with Synergy1
improved biological markers during ageing and survival rate (lifespan) of
rats"
-
Addition of inulin to a moderately high-carbohydrate diet reduces hepatic
lipogenesis and plasma triacylglycerol concentrations in humans - Am. J.
of Clin. Nutri, 3/03
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