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Recent Longevity News for the week ending 4/12/23

Diabetes Drug Tied to Lower Dementia Risk - Medscape, 2/26/23 - "There was a statistically significant 16% lower risk for developing all-cause dementia among pioglitazone users than among nonusers (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.84 ... A dose-response relationship was evident; pioglitazone users who received the highest cumulative daily dose were at lower risk for dementia (aHR, 0.72" See pioglitazone at ReliableRXPharmacy.

Prevention of Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease - Medscape, 4/7/23 - "oncologists likely underestimate the risk of atrial fibrillation when new cancer drugs come to market, ... the annualized incidence rate of AF ranged from 0.26 cases per 100 person-years ― about the same as placebo ― to 4.92 cases, a nearly 20 times' higher risk ... Rates were the highest for ibrutinib, clofarabine, and ponatinib"

Glutathione a Potential Biomarker for Postpartum Suicide - Medscpe, 4/7/23 - "reduced serum GSH levels were significantly lower for those with moderate to high suicide risk than for those without suicide risk. Their findings suggest that GSH may be a potential biomarker or etiologic factor among women at risk for suicide, with therapeutic implications" - Note: The best way in increase glutathione is to take NAC. See n-acetyl cysteine at Amazon.com.

Magnesium-Rich Diet Linked to Lower - Medscape, 3/31/23 - "Our models indicate that compared to somebody with a normal magnesium intake (~ 350 mg/day), somebody in the top quartile of magnesium intake (≥ 550 mg/day) would be predicted to have a ~0.20% larger GM and ~0.46% larger RHC" - See magnesium supplements at Amazon.com.

High Salt Intake Linked to Atherosclerosis Even With Normal BP - Medscape, 4/5/23 - "salt could be a damaging factor in its own right before the development of hypertension ... rising salt consumption was linked with increasing atherosclerosis in a linear fashion in both the coronary and carotid arteries ... Each 1000 mg rise in sodium excretion was associated with a 9% increased occurrence of carotid plaque (odds ratio [OR], 1.09; P < .001; confidence interval [CI], 1.06 - 1.12), a higher coronary artery calcium score (OR, 1.16; P < .001; CI, 1.12 - 1.19), and a 17% increased occurrence of coronary artery stenosis (OR, 1.17"

Are Your Clothes Dripping in ‘Forever Chemicals’? - WebMD, 4/4/23 - "The group points to research demonstrating that fabrics with that type of PFAS, called side-chain fluorinated polymers, emit volatile chemicals into the air and, when washed, into the water. “What you can expect is that a raincoat that has this surface treatment, over time, is releasing PFAS to the environment,” said Erika Schreder, Toxic-Free Future’s science director"

Abstracts from this week:

Pioglitazone reduces cardiovascular events and dementia but increases bone fracture in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a national cohort study - Aging (Albany NY) 2023 Apr 7 - "major advanced cardiovascular events MACCE (2.76% vs. 3.03%, hazard ratio [HR]: 0.91, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.87-0.95), new- diagnosis dementia (1.32% vs. 1.46%, HR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.84-0.98) but a higher rate of new-diagnosis bone fractures (5.37% vs. 4.47%, HR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.19-1.28) than the non-pioglitazone group (n = 174,549). In conclusion, using pioglitazone may reduce the risks of MACCE and dementia but increases the probability of bone fractures in the elderly DM population"

Metformin inhibits neutrophil extracellular traps-promoted pancreatic carcinogenesis in obese mice - Cancer Lett 2023 Apr 6 - "Metformin and DNase I significantly reversed the pro-tumorigenic effects of obesity and NETs in vivo and in vitro" - See metformin at ReliableRX.

The relationship of omega-3 fatty acids with dementia and cognitive decline: evidence from perspective cohort studies of supplementation, dietary intake, and blood markers - Am J Clin Nutr 2023 Apr 5 - "long-term users of omega-3 fatty acid supplements exhibited a 64% reduced risk of AD (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.36, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.54 to 0.96, p = 0.005). After incorporating 48 longitudinal studies involving 103,651 participants, moderate-to-high level of evidence suggested that dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids could lower the risk of all-cause dementia or cognitive decline by ∼20% , especially for DHA intake (Relative risk [RR] = 0.82, I2 =63.6%, p = 0.001) and for studies that adjusted for APOE ε4 status (RR = 0.83, I2 =65%, p = 0.006). Each increment of 0.1 g per day of DHA or EPA intake was associated with an 8%∼9.9% (Plinear < 0.0005) lower risk of cognitive decline. Moderate-to-high levels of evidence indicated that elevated levels of plasma EPA (RR = 0.86, I2 =38.9%) and erythrocyte membrane DHA (RR = 0.94, I2 =0.4%) was associated with a lower risk of cognitive decline" - See omega-3 supplements at Amazon.com.

Fisetin-loaded grape-derived nanoparticles improve anticancer efficacy in MOLT-4 cells - Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023 Mar 15 - "Fisetin (FIS) is a natural flavonoid with anti-proliferative and anti-apoptotic effects on different human cancer cell lines and can be considered a therapeutic agent for ALL treatment. However, FIS has little aqueous solubility and bioavailability, limiting its therapeutic applications. Thus, novel drug delivery systems are needed to improve solubility and bioavailability of FIS. Plant-derived nanoparticles (PDNPs) could be considered a great delivery system for FIS to the target tissues. In this study, we investigated the anti-proliferative and anti-apoptotic effect of free FIS and FIS-loaded Grape-derived Nanoparticles (GDN) FIS-GDN in MOLT-4 cells ... Our data proposed that FIS and FIS-GDN can induce apoptosis and have antitumor properties in MOLT-4 cells. Furthermore, compared to FIS, FIS-GDN induced more apoptosis in these cells by increasing the solubility and efficiency of FIS. Additionally, GDNs increased FIS effectiveness in proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction." - See fisetin at Amazon.com.

Nitrite and nitrate intake from processed meat is associated with elevated diastolic blood pressure (DBP) - Clin Nutr 2023 Mar 21 - "Overall, DBP increased by 3.05 mmHg (95% CI: 0, 6.06), per tertile increase in nitrite intake and 4.41 mmHg (95% CI: 0.17, 8.64) per level increase in sodium intake, when the interaction effect between nitrite and total sodium intakes was accounted for. By considering the significant synergistic effect of the two factors, DBP finally increased by 0.94 mgHg overall and 2.24 mgHg for subjects in the third tertile compared to those in the first. Also, a rise in total sodium intake of approximately 800 mg, above 1500 mg, caused a 2.30 mgHg increase in DBP. No significant correlations were found with SBP"

Linoleic acid, an omega-6 fatty acid that reduces risk for cardiometabolic diseases: premise, promise and practical implications - Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2023 May 1 - "Clinical interventions consistently show that dietary the addition of LA to the diet improves body composition, dyslipidemia, and insulin sensitivity while reducing systemic inflammation and fatty liver ... Unraveling the cellular mechanism(s) of LA to impact PPAR activity may reset a false dogma that LA, as a member of the omega-6 fatty acid family, promotes inflammation in humans. In fact, LA appears to reduce inflammation and reduce risk for CMD"

Molecular mechanisms of neuroprotective offerings by rosmarinic acid against neurodegenerative and other CNS pathologies - Phytother Res 2023 Apr 4 - "While the medicinal applications of these plants have been known for ages, RA has only been relatively recently established as an effective ameliorative agent against various disorders including cardiac diseases, cancer, and neuropathologies. In particular, several studies have confirmed the neuroprotective potential of RA in multiple cellular and animal models, as well as in clinical studies. The neuroprotective effects mediated by RA stem from its multimodal actions on a plethora of cellular and molecular pathways; including oxidative, bioenergetic, neuroinflammatory, and synaptic signaling. In recent years, RA has garnered tremendous interest as an ideal therapeutic candidate for treating neurodegenerative diseases ... the authors focus on the ameliorative potential of RA against several central nervous system (CNS) disorders, ranging from neuropsychological stress and epilepsy to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, Lewy body dementia, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis" - See rosmarinic acid at Amazon.com.

Carnosic acid protects against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity through enhancing the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway - Food Funct 2023 Apr 4 - "CA markedly suppressed oxidative stress, apoptosis, and pyroptosis responses in the mouse hearts, eventually improving cardiac function. CA showed its antioxidant effect by activating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) and its downstream heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1); CA also reduced oxidative stress by lowering the MDA and lipid ROS levels and raising the SOD and GSH-px levels. Additionally, CA treatment significantly increased Bcl-2 and inhibited Bax and Caspase-3 cleavage in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Moreover, CA suppressed the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) pathway to mitigate pyroptosis, as evidenced by lowered caspase1, interleukin-18, and interleukin-1β. Consistently, the transfection of Nrf2-siRNA eliminated the protective effects of CA on cardiomyocytes. Altogether, our findings demonstrated that CA inhibited NLRP3 inflammasomes via activating the Nrf2-related cytoprotective system and protected the heart from oxidative damage, apoptosis, and pyroptosis, implying that the use of CA could be a potential therapeutic strategy in the prevention of DOX-associated myocardiopathy" - See carnosic acid at Amazon.com.

 Mulberry leaf water extract alleviates type 2 diabetes in mice via modulating gut microbiota-host co-metabolism of branched-chain amino acid - Phytother Res 2023 Apr 4 - "The results showed that MLE administration improved blood glucose and insulin level, decreased inflammatory cytokines expression, and lowered serum and feces BCAAs levels. Furthermore, MLE reversed the abundance changes of the bacterial genera correlated with serum and feces BCAAs, such as Anaerovorax, Bilophila, Blautia, Colidextribacter, Dubosiella, Intestinimonas, Lachnoclostridium, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136, Oscillibacter, and Roseburia. Functionality prediction indicated that MLE potentially inhibited bacterial BCAAs biosynthesis, and promoted the tissue-specific expression of BCAAs catabolic enzyme. More importantly, MLE had obvious impacts on BCAA catabolism in germ-free-mimic T2DM mice. Those results indicated that MLE improving T2DM-related biochemical abnormalities is associated with not only gut microbiota modification but also the tissue-specific expression of BCAAs catabolic enzyme" - See mulberry leaf extract at Amazon.com.

Health Focus (Gamma Linolenic Acid (GLA)):