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Recent Longevity News for the week ending 11/30/22

Eating more flavonols may slow cognitive decline: study - Hill, 11/28/22 - "Those who consumed the highest amounts of foods with kaempferol exhibited the slowest rate of cognitive decline compared with those who ate the fewest foods with this flavonol. Kaempferol was followed by myricetin and quercetin with regard to greatest impact on cognitive decline, while isorhamnetin had no effect ... Quercetin has been associated with reducing the onset of colorectal cancer, while kaempferol has been found to inhibit cancer cell growth." - See Kaempferia parviflora at Amazon.com.

Abstracts from this week:

Indole-3-Carbinol Inhibits the Growth of Endometriotic Lesions by Suppression of Microvascular Network Formation - Nutrients 2022 Nov 21 - "I3C inhibited the vascularization and growth of endometriotic lesions without inducing anti-angiogenic and anti-proliferative side effects on reproductive organs. This was associated with a significantly reduced number of proliferating stromal and endothelial cells and a lower expression of the pro-angiogenic signaling molecules vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (pERK) within I3C-treated lesions when compared to controls. These findings indicate that I3C effectively inhibits endometriotic lesion formation in mice. Thus, further studies should clarify whether I3C may be also beneficial for the prevention and therapy of the human disease" - See indole-3-carbinol at Amazon.com.

Dietary Turmeric Consumption Alleviates Ulcerative Colitis via Restoring Tryptophan Metabolism and Alleviating Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in Mice - J Agric Food Chem 2022 Nov 22 - "Collectively, these findings manifest the protective actions of dietary TP consumption against ulcerative colitis via restoring the intestinal microbiota disorders, promoting microbial metabolism, and improving intestinal barrier damage" - See turmeric extract at Amazon.com.

Betaine supplementation alleviates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis via regulating the inflammatory response, enhancing the intestinal barrier, and altering gut microbiota - Food Funct 2022 Nov 24 - "The results showed that betaine greatly increased the body weight and decreased the disease activity index score of DSS-treated mice. Furthermore, betaine effectively downregulated the protein levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα) and upregulated tight junction proteins (occludin and ZO-1) in the mice. Additionally, betaine exposure remarkably restricted the DSS-induced phosphorylation of IκB and NF-κB p65 in mice. Similarly, betaine pretreatment improved the inflammatory response and intestinal barrier of Caco-2 cells. Betaine altered the gut microbiota composition, markedly decreasing the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria and considerably increasing the relative abundance of Bacteroidota and Campylobacterota in DSS-induced mice. In conclusion, betaine could attenuate colitis via regulating the inflammatory response, enhancing the intestinal barrier, and altering gut microbiota and is conducive to developing new drugs for treating human diseases." - Note: I wish they would stop using betaine HCL and betaine anhydrous interchangeably. My guess is that this study used betaine HCL (stomach acid). See betaine hydrochloride products at Amazon.com.

Akkermansia muciniphila ameliorates depressive disorders in a murine alcohol-LPS (mALPS) model - Food Funct 2022 Nov 23 - "We found that acute alcohol treatment damaged the intestinal barrier and caused dysbiosis, which further increased the translocation of LPS and neuroinflammatory responses (TNF-α and IL-1β) and led to abnormal expression of the depression-related genes, i.e. BDND and IDO, reduced the levels of 5-HT and caused depressive behaviors in mice. Probiotic intervention could improve depressive symptoms without notable adverse effects. Akkermansia muciniphila (AKK), one of the next-generation probiotics, has been widely used for the restoration of the intestinal barrier and reduction of inflammation. Here, we found that AKK significantly ameliorated alcohol-related depressive behaviors in a mALPS model, through enhancing the intestinal barrier and maintaining the homeostasis of the gut microbiota. Furthermore, AKK reduced serum LPS, ameliorated neuroinflammation (TNF-α and IL-1β), normalized the expression of depression-related genes and increased the 5-HT levels in the hippocampus. Our study suggests that AKK supplements will be a promising therapeutic regime for alcohol-associated depression in the future" - See Akkermansia muciniphila at Amazon.com.

Lacticaseibacillus casei ATCC334 Ameliorates Radiation-Induced Intestinal Injury in Rats by Targeting Microbes and Metabolites - Mol Nutr Food Res 2022 Nov 21 - "These results highlight that medium and high doses of L. casei ATCC334 alleviate radiation-induced intestinal damage by enhancing the mucosal barrier and remodeling the gut microbiota structure and metabolic activity" - See probiotic supplements at Amazon.com.

Impact of probiotics on muscle mass, muscle strength and lean mass: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials - J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022 Nov 22 - "Probiotics have shown potential to counteract sarcopenia, although the extent to which they can influence domains of sarcopenia such as muscle mass and strength in humans is unclear ... Probiotic supplementation enhances both muscle mass and global muscle strength; however, no beneficial effects were observed in total lean mass. Investigating the physiological mechanisms underpinning different ageing groups and elucidating appropriate probiotic strains for optimal gains in muscle mass and strength are warranted" - See probiotic supplements at Amazon.com.

Daily Consumption of High-Polyphenol Olive Oil Enhances Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Old Female Rats- J Am Nutr Assoc 2022 Nov 23 - "Our study is first to show that daily consumption of HP-olive oil enhances hippocampal neurogenesis in old rats, which has been confirmed by proliferation and maturation biomarkers. In addition, increased SYN and calbindin levels showed that the generated cells were also functionally developed in the HP group. We suggest that daily consumption of HP olive oil may have beneficial effects on brain aging by triggering neurogenesis" - See olive leaf extract at Amazon.com.

Lutein Decreases Inflammation and Oxidative Stress and Prevents Iron Accumulation and Lipid Peroxidation at Glutamate-Induced Neurotoxicity - Antioxidants (Basel) 2022 Nov 17 - "The xanthophyll carotenoid lutein has been widely used as supplementation due to its protective effects in light-induced oxidative stress. Its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory features suggest that it has a neuroprotective role as well. Glutamate is a major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS), which plays a key role in regulating brain function. Excess accumulation of intracellular glutamate accelerates an increase in the concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in neurons leading to glutamate neurotoxicity ... Our results show glutamate changes ROS, inflammation, and antioxidant enzyme activity, modulate iron accumulation, and may initiate lipid peroxidation in SH-SY5Y cells. Meanwhile, lutein attenuates the glutamate-induced effects on ROS, inflammation, iron metabolism, and lipid peroxidation. According to our findings, lutein could be a beneficial, supportive treatment in neurodegenerative disorders" - See lutein at Amazon.com.

On the Potential Role of the Antioxidant Couple Vitamin E/Selenium Taken by the Oral Route in Skin and Hair Health - Antioxidants (Basel) 2022 Nov 17 - "The relationship between oxidative stress and skin aging/disorders is well established. Many topical and oral antioxidants (vitamins C and E, carotenoids, polyphenols) have been proposed to protect the skin against the deleterious effect induced by increased reactive oxygen species production, particularly in the context of sun exposure. In this review, we focused on the combination of vitamin E and selenium taken in supplements since both molecules act in synergy either by non-enzymatic and enzymatic pathways to eliminate skin lipids peroxides, which are strongly implicated in skin and hair disorders." - See vitamin E at Amazon.com and se-methyl l-selenocysteine at Amazon.com.

Quercetin Ameliorates Renal Injury and Pyroptosis in Lupus Nephritis through Inhibiting IL-33/ST2 Pathway In Vitro and In Vivo - Antioxidants (Basel) 2022 Nov 1 - "Lupus nephritis (LN) is a common and serious symptom in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Tubular interstitial fibrosis is a common underlying mechanism in the development of lupus nephritis to end-stage renal failure (ESRD). Quercetin is widely proven to prevent tissue fibrosis ... The in vivo results showed that quercetin improved the renal function and inhibited both fibrosis- and inflammation-related markers in MRL/lpr mice animal models. The in vitro results indicated that quercetin ameliorated the accumulation of fibrosis- and inflammation-related proteins in IL-33-induced HK-2 cells and improved renal cell pyroptosis via the IL33/ST2 pathway. Overall, quercetin can improve LN-related renal fibrosis and inflammation, which may offer an effective potential therapeutic strategy for lupus nephritis" - See quercetin at Amazon.com.

Impact of N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC) on Tuberculosis (TB) Patients-A Systematic Review - Antioxidants (Basel) 2022 Nov 21 - "Sustained TB infection overproduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a host defense mechanism. Research shows ROS is destructive to lung tissue. Glutathione (GSH) neutralizes ROS, although it is consumed. NAC is a precursor of GSH synthesis, and administering an appropriate dose of NAC to patients with respiratory conditions may enhance lung recovery and replenish GSH ... The use of NAC resulted in increased GSH levels, decreased treatment time, and was safe with minimal adverse events. However, the evidence is currently insufficient to estimate the overall effects of NAC, thus the study warrants more NAC clinical trials to demonstrate its effects in TB treatment" - See n-acetyl cysteine at Amazon.com.

Liver autophagy-induced valine and leucine in plasma reflect the metabolic effect of sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor dapagliflozin - EBioMedicine 2022 Nov 21 - "Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are anti-diabetic drugs for type 2 diabetes that lower blood glucose levels and body weight. It is of special interest that SGLT2 inhibitors also improve liver metabolism and fatty liver. Liver is an important organ in regulation of energy metabolism, but the metabolic action of SGLT inhibitors in liver remains unclear ... Clinical study found that valine and leucine levels were markedly higher in patients treated with dapagliflozin (valine: P < 0·05 vs. control, leucine: P < 0·01 vs. control) than those not treated after one week intervention ... Dapagliflozin improves liver metabolism via hepatic autophagy, and plasma valine and leucine levels may reflect its metabolic effect" - See dapagliflozin at reliablerxpharmacy.com.

Beneficial Effects of a Novel Fenugreek Seed Extract ( Trigonella foenum-graecum, Furocyst®) in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): A Follow-up Compliance Clinical Investigation- J Am Nutr Assoc 2022 Nov 28 - "This study reinstated the efficacy of Furocyst® as a safe phytotherapeutic to reverse the effects of PCOS inflicted damage on the female reproductive system without any adverse events" - See Furocyst at Amazon.com.

Rapamycin improves the quality and developmental competence of in vitro matured oocytes in aged mice and humans - Aging (Albany NY) 2022 Nov 26 - "Women over age 35 suffer from the inadequate number and poor quality of oocytes during assisted reproductive treatment, and making full use of the oocytes by in vitro maturation (IVM) is crucial. Rapamycin could improve the developmental competences of the post-maturation oocytes during in vitro aging, yet its effects on the IVM process of oocytes from an aged population were not clear ... Overall, rapamycin improved IVM outcomes of oocytes from aged mice and older women. The specific mechanism of the positive effects of rapamycin on IVM outcomes might be reducing ROS levels, mitigating DNA damage, and promoting developmental potential" - See Siromus (rapamycin) at ReliableRXPharmacy.

Whey protein and soy protein prevent obesity by upregulating uncoupling protein 1 to activate brown adipose tissue and promote white adipose tissue browning in high-fat diet-fed mice - Food Funct 2022 Nov 28 - "ratio of protein to carbohydrate (P/C) ... whey protein was more effective than soy protein in preventing obesity in mice, probably by suppressing lipogenesis in adipose tissues, activating BAT and promoting the browning of iWAT. In addition, lowering the P/C ratio was beneficial for combating obesity in the context of a HFD" - See whey protein at Amazon.com.

Health Focus (Niacin):