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Recent Longevity News for the week ending 9/7/22

Early Signal of Benefit for Empagliflozin in Acute MI: EMMY - Medscape, 9/2/22 - "SGLT2 inhibitors have shown benefits in patients with heart failure (HF) across the spectrum of left ventricular function, reducing the risk for HF hospitalization and cardiovascular death in low ejection fraction (EF) in last year's EMPEROR-Preserved and the newly reported DELIVER trial. SGLT2 inhibitors also lower the risk for incident HF in such high-risk groups as those with type 2 diabetes or chronic kidney disease ... Left ventricular EF improved in both groups, with those assigned to empagliflozin having a 1.5% absolute higher EF at week 26 (P = .029). The E/e′ ratio was significantly improved, being 6.8% lower than placebo ... The structural markers of left ventricular end systolic volume (–7.5 mL; P = .0003) and LV end diastolic volume (–9.7 mL; P = .0015) improved as well, and were smaller in the empagliflozin group" - See empagliflozin inhousepharmacy.vu.

SGLT2 Inhibitors Lower NAFLD, HCC Risks Over DPP4i - Medscape, 9/1/22 - "After 239941.9 person-years of follow-up, the incidence of HCC was lower among SGLT2I users (IR, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.2 – 0.4) than among DPP4i users (IR,1.3; 95% CI,1.1 – 1.5) ... Among SGLT2i users, the risk of cancer-related mortality was lower (IR, 1.1; 95% CI, 0.9 – 1.3) than among DPP4i users (IR, 6.6; 95% CI, 6.1 – 7.1), as was the risk of all-cause mortality (IR, 5.0; 95% CI, 4.6 – 5.4) in comparison with DPP4i users (IR, 24.4; 95% CI, 23.6 – 25.4) ... In multivariable models, the risk of NAFLD was lower among SGLT2i (hazard ratio [HR], 0.39; 95% CI, 0.34 – 0.46), HCC (HR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.29 – 0.72), cancer-related mortality (HR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.23 – 0.37) and all-cause mortality (HR, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.25 – 0.31) after adjustments" - See empagliflozin inhousepharmacy.vu.

Abstracts from this week:

Preventive effect of pectic oligosaccharides on acute colitis model mice: modulating epithelial barrier, gut microbiota and Treg/Th17 balance - Food Funct 2022 Sep 6 - "Pectin as a dietary fiber supplement has shown emerging potential in clinical ulcerative colitis (UC) adjuvant therapy ... pectic oligosaccharides (POS) ... All of these results suggest that enzymatically- degraded POS is a promising therapeutic agent for UC prevention and adjuvant treatment by maintaining intestinal homeostasis" - See Inulin at Amazon.com.

Cellular senescence and cardiovascular diseases: moving to the "heart" of the problem - Physiol Rev 2022 Sep 1 - "Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) constitute the prime cause of global mortality with an immense impact on patient quality of life and disability. Clinical evidence has revealed a strong connection between cellular senescence and worse cardiac outcomes in the majority of CVDs concerning both ischemic and non-ischemic cardiomyopathies. Cellular senescence is characterized by cell cycle arrest accompanied by alterations in several metabolic pathways, resulting in morphological and functional changes. Metabolic rewiring of senescent cells results in marked paracrine activity, through a unique secretome, often exerting deleterious effects on neighboring cells. Here, we recapitulate the hallmarks and key molecular pathways involved in cellular senescence in the cardiac context and summarize the different roles of senescence in the majority of CVDs. In the last few years, the possibility of eliminating senescent cells in various pathological conditions is being increasingly explored, giving rise to the field of senotherapeutics"

Curcumin as a novel approach in improving lipid profile: An umbrella meta-analysis - Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022 Aug 6 - "Curcumin have ameliorating effects on TC, TG, LDL-c, and HDL-c levels. Overall, Curcumin could be recommended as an adjuvant anti-hyperlipidemic agent" - See curcumin at Amazon.com.

Quercetin ameliorated insulin resistance via regulating METTL3-mediated N6-methyladenosine modification of PRKD2 mRNA in skeletal muscle and C2C12 myocyte cell line - Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022 Jul 2 - "Que promoted glucose uptake, repressed oxidative stress and improved IR through METTL3-mediated m6A of PRKD2 mRNA" - See quercetin at Amazon.com.

B Vitamin Supplementation Slows Cognitive Decline in Mild Cognitive Impairment Patients with Frontal Lobe Atrophy - J Alzheimers Dis 2022 Sep 1 - "B vitamins may be more effective in slowing down cognitive decline in MCI patients with atrophy in the left frontal lobe" - See B complex supplements at Amazon.com.

Vitamin D and heart failure: A two-sample mendelian randomization study - Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022 Aug 11 - "In summary, we found a potential inverse association between elevated 25OHD levels and the risk of HF, which suggested that timely 25OHD supplementation or maintaining adequate 25OHD concentrations may be an essential measure for HF prevention in the general population" - See vitamin D at Amazon.com.

Evidence of a casual relationship between vitamin D deficiency and hypertension: a family-based study - Hypertens Res 2022 Sep 5 - "The heritability of vitamin D deficiency was 50.4% in this family-based study. Allele C of rs3847987 was a risk factor for vitamin D deficiency (OR: 1.639, 95% CI: 1.170-2.297, P = 0.004). Furthermore, a family-based association of rs3847987 with hypertension was found in both additive and recessive models (P < 0.05). In addition, vitamin D deficiency was associated with hypertension (OR: 1.317, 95% CI: 1.022-1.698, P = 0.033). In conclusion, rs3847987 in the VDR gene was associated with both vitamin D deficiency and hypertension. Therefore, vitamin D deficiency may be a causal factor for hypertension" - See vitamin D at Amazon.com.

The relationship between serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D and arteriogenic erectile dysfunction - Andrologia 2022 Aug 29 - "International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) questionnaire ... peak systolic flow velocity (PSV) ... 25(OH)D levels were significantly lower in patients with organic ED (18.24 ± 6.04 ng/ml) than in patients with psychogenic ED (20.90 ± 8.79 ng/ml) (p = 0.032). In A-ED and NA-ED, the mean of peak systolic flow velocity (PSV) values was 18.94 ± 5.28 cm/s and 51.57 ± 15.42 cm/s (p < 0.001), and the mean of 25(OH)D was 15.66 ± 5.86 ng/ml and 20.48 ± 5.90 ng/ml, respectively (p < 0.001). The results showed that 25(OH)D levels were positively correlated with IIEF-5 scores and the PSV values in A-ED patients. The 25(OH)D cut-off value differentiating between A-ED and NA-ED was 15.05 ng/ml. Low 25(OH)D levels may be an independent risk factor for ED, especially A-ED. ED patients should routinely undergo serum 25(OH)D level measurement, and 25(OH)D replacement therapy is necessary for patients with low vitamin D levels" - See vitamin D at Amazon.com.

The effect of green coffee and/or endurance exercise on sperm function in pre-diabetic mice - Andrologia 2022 Aug 24 - "This study aimed to investigate the effect of green coffee (GC), chlorogenic acid (CA) as an active ingredient of GC and exercise, alone or in a combination with exercise, on spermatogenesis and sperm function in pre-diabetic mice ... Although lipid peroxidation, intracellular ROS production, and persistent histones in sperm were high in pre-diabetic mice, exercise only can improve sperm motility. GC alone only improved sperm motility in pre-diabetic mice while CA alone, even did not have this beneficial effect. However, GC along with exercise, did not improve motility but reduce DNA damage, while CA with exercise, significantly improved motility compared to pre-diabetic stage and to the level comparable to control. Therefore, based on this result in individuals with high DNA damage, GC supplementation and exercise could be useful approach while in asthenozoospermia, CA supplementation and exercise should be considered as an alternative approach" - See green coffee bean extract at Amazon.com.

Silybin induces endothelium-dependent vasodilation via TRPV4 channels in mouse mesenteric arteries - Hypertens Res 2022 Sep 2 - "Silybin is a flavonolignan extracted from the seeds of Silybum marianum that has been used as a dietary supplement for treating hepatic diseases and components of metabolic syndrome such as diabetes, obesity and hypertension ... in high-salt-induced hypertensive mice, oral administration of silybin decreased systolic blood pressure (SBP) and significantly improved the arterial dilatory response to acetylcholine. Our findings provide the first evidence that silybin could induce mesenteric endothelium-dependent vasodilation and reduce blood pressure in high-salt-induced hypertensive mice via TRPV4 channels, thereby revealing the potential effect of silybin on preventing endothelial dysfunction-related cardiovascular diseases" - See silymarin at Amazon.com.

Lactoferrin Attenuates Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction and Inflammation By Modulating the MAPK Pathway and Gut Microbes in Mice - J Nutr 2022 Sep 2 - "Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a major mycotoxin present in staple foods (particularly in cereal products), which induces intestinal inflammation and disrupts intestinal integrity. Lactoferrin (LF) is a multifunctional protein that contributes to maintaining intestinal homeostasis and improving host health. However, the protective effects of LF on DON-induced intestinal dysfunction remain unclear ... Our study highlights a promising antimycotoxin approach of LF to alleviate DON-induced intestinal dysfunction via modulating the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and gut microbial community in mice" - See lactoferrin at Amazon.com.

Prostate cancer incidence in men with Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) below 3 ng/mL: The Finnish Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (FinRSPC) - Int J Cancer 2022 Sep 2 - "Prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-based screening for prostate cancer (PCa) can reduce PCa mortality, but also involves over-detection of low-risk disease with potential adverse effects. We evaluated PCa incidence among men with PSA below 3 ng/mL and no PCa diagnosis at the first screening round of the Finnish Randomized Study of Screening for PCa. Follow-up started at the first screening attendance and ended at PCa diagnosis, emigration, death, or the common closing date (December 2016), whichever came first. Cox regression analysis was used to estimate hazard ratios and their confidence intervals (CI). Among men with PSA <3 ng/mL, cumulative PCa incidence was 9.1% after 17.6 years median follow-up. Cumulative incidence was 3.6% among men with baseline PSA 0-0.99 ng/mL, 11.5% in those with PSA 1.0-1.99 ng/mL and 25.7% among men with PSA 2-2.99 ng/mL (hazard ratio 9.0, 95% CI: 7.9-10.2 for the latter). The differences by PSA level were most striking for low-risk disease based on Gleason score and EAU risk group. PSA values <1 ng/mL indicate a very low 20-year risk, while at PSA 2-2.99 ng/mL risks are materially higher, with 4-5 -fold risk for aggressive disease. Using risk-stratification and appropriate re-screening intervals will reduce screening intensity and over-detection. Using cumulative incidence of clinically significant PCa (csPCa) as the criterion, re-screening intervals could range from approximately three years for men with initial PSA 2-2.99 ng/mL, six years for men with PSA 1-1.99 ng/mL to 10 years for men with PSA <1 ng/mL"

Incident heart failure, arrhythmias and cardiovascular outcomes with sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor use in diabetic patients: Insights from a global federated electronic medical record database - Diabetes Obes Metab 2022 Aug 31 - "The risk of incident HF was significantly lower in the SGLT2i cohort compared to the non-SGLT2i cohort (HR 0.70, 95%CI 0.68-0.73). SGLT2i use was also associated with a significantly lower risk of all-cause mortality (HR 0.61, 95% CI 0.58-0.64), cardiac arrest (HR 0.70, 95% CI 0.63-0.78), incident AF (HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.76-0.84), ischaemic stroke/TIA (HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.88-0.93), composite of arterial and venous thrombotic events (HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.88-0.92), and composite of incident VT/VF and cardiac arrest (HR 0.76, 95% CI 0.71-0.81). There were no significant differences for VT/VF (HR 0.94" - See empagliflozin inhousepharmacy.vu.

Prediabetes is an independent risk factor for sarcopenia in older men, but not in older women: the Bunkyo Health Study - J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022 Sep 2 - "Although we confirmed that diabetes mellitus is associated with sarcopenia in both sexes, prediabetes is associated with sarcopenia in men, but not in women"

Attenuating effect of magnesium on pulmonary arterial calcification in rodent models of pulmonary hypertension - J Hypertens 2022 Oct 1 - "Vascular calcification has been considered as a potential therapeutic target in pulmonary hypertension. Mg2+ has a protective role against calcification ... Monocrotaline (MCT)-induced and chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension ... Mg2+ supplement is a powerful strategy to treat pulmonary hypertension by mitigating pulmonary arterial calcification as the calcification triggered physiological and pathological changes to PASMCs" - See magnesium supplements at Amazon.com.

N-3 fatty acid supplementation mediates lipid profile, including small dense LDL, when combined with statins: a randomized double blind placebo controlled trial - Lipids Health Dis 2022 Sep 1 - "Supplementation with n-3 FA plus atorvastatin led to significant reductions in serum non-HDL-C (- 9.5% vs 4.7%, P < 0.01), TG (- 21.5% vs 6.2%, P < 0.001) and VLDL-C (- 36.9% vs 4.0%, P < 0.001) and TC (- 6.6% vs 2.1%, P < 0.001). Between the groups, no significant difference in percent change in the serum concentration of LDL-C, HDL-C, as well as in the LDL I and LDL II subclasses was observed ... In this group of hyperlipidemic patients on a stable statin prescription, OM3 plus atorvastatin improved small dense LDL concentrations, non-HDL-C, VLDL-C and TG to a greater extent than atorvastatin alone" - See omega-3 supplements at Amazon.com.

Effect of Hesperidin Supplementation on Liver Metabolomics and Gut Microbiota in a High-Fat Diet-Induced NAFLD Mice Model - J Agric Food Chem 2022 Sep 1 - "After 16 weeks of intervention, the mice in the HFD+HES group showed a lower final body weight and liver weight and improved serum lipid profiles when compared with the HFD group. Alleviation of liver dysfunction induced by HFD was observed in HES-fed mice, and the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism was also altered. Moreover, HES changed the composition of the intestinal microbiota and enriched specific genera such as Bacteroidota. Liver metabolomics analysis indicated that HES enhanced the abundance of metabolites in arginine-related as well as mitochondrial oxidation-related pathways, and these metabolites were predicted to be positively correlated with the gut genera enriched by HES. Together, these results indicate that HFD-fed mice supplemented with HES showed a markedly regulated hepatic metabolism concurrent with shifts in specific gut bacteria" - See hesperidin at Amazon.com.

Effects of melatonin supplementation on BDNF concentrations and depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials - Behav Brain Res 2022 Aug 29 - "The aim of this comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the beneficial effects of melatonin supplementation on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentration and clinical depressive disorder ... Melatonin supplementation yielded no significant effect on BDNF concentration (WMD: -5.61; 95% CI: -14.10, 2.88; I-square: 85.6%), but improved depression by decreasing the score (WMD: -0.76 ... The subgroup analysis showed that melatonin supplementation had a significant decreasing effect on BDNF levels in doses ≤ 10mg/day, with more than 4 weeks of duration, and in men" - See melatonin at Amazon.com.

Collagen peptide supplementation for pain and function: is it effective and if so, why? - Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2022 Sep 1 - "Connective tissue injuries are prevalent in active and aging populations, leading to chronic pain and decreased function. Turnover of this tissue is not well understood, especially as it relates to aging and injury. Supplementation of collagen peptides has been shown to improve connective tissue recovery and pain through increased collagen production ... Collagen peptide supplementation has been shown to promote recovery, decrease pain, and improve strength and body composition when paired with resistance training. These benefits may be attributed to bioactive peptides in collagen peptide supplements" - See collagen supplements at Amazon.com.

Effects of conjugated linoleic acid and exercise on body composition and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis - Nutr Rev 2022 Sep 1 - "CLA combined with exercise is generally safe and can lower body fat and insulin resistance but does not reduce body weight, enhance exercise performance, or improve lipid profiles" - See conjugated linoleic acid at Amazon.com.

SGLT2 inhibitor ameliorates high-fat diet induced hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis disorders - J Physiol 2022 Sep 1 - "The pathways for how SGLT2 inhibitors have neuroprotective properties is that A. Inhibition of microglial activation results in decreasing proinflammatory factors release and neuroinflammation; B. Alleviation of cerebral atherosclerosis; C. Reduction of oxidative stress in neuron; D. Inhibition of ROS-dependent neuronal apoptosis" - See empagliflozin inhousepharmacy.vu.

The Role of SGLT2 Inhibitor Ipragliflozin on Cardiac Hypertrophy and microRNA Expression Profiles in a Non-diabetic Rat Model of Cardiomyopathy - Biol Pharm Bull 2022 - "These findings suggest that miRNAs may play a partial role in regulating the structure of the heart and that SGLT2 inhibitors may exert cardio-protective effects by changing miRNA expression profiles in non-diabetic patients with CVDs" - See empagliflozin inhousepharmacy.vu.

J-shaped association between dietary copper intake and all-cause mortality: a prospective cohort study in Chinese adults - Br J Nutr 2022 Sep 1 - "When dietary copper intake was assessed as quartiles, compared with those in the first quartile (<1.60 mg/day), the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause mortality were 0.87 (95%CI: 0.71-1.07), 0.98 (95%CI: 0.79-1.21), and 1.49 (95%CI: 1.19-1.86), respectively, in participants in the second (1.60-<1.83 mg/day), third (1.83-<2.09 mg/day), and fourth (≥2.09 mg/day) quartiles ... Overall, there was a J-shaped relationship of dietary copper intake with risk of all-cause mortality in general Chinese adults, emphasizing the importance of maintaining optimal dietary copper intake levels for prevention of premature death" - See copper supplements at Amazon.com.

Coffee consumption and risk of endometrial cancer: a pooled analysis of individual participant data in the Epidemiology of Endometrial Cancer Consortium (E2C2) - Am J Clin Nutr 2022 Aug 30 - "Coffee drinkers had a lower risk of EC compared to non-coffee drinkers (multi-adjusted OR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.79,0.95). There was a dose-response relationship between higher coffee consumption and lower risk of EC: compared to non-coffee drinkers, the adjusted pooled ORs for those who drank 1, 2-3 and more than 4 cups/day were 0.90 (95% CI = 0.82,1.00), 0.86 (95% CI = 0.78,0.95), and 0.76 (95% CI = 0.66,0.87), respectively (p for trend < 0.001). The inverse association between coffee consumption and EC risk was stronger in participants with body mass index (BMI) over 25 kg/m2"

N-acetylcysteine improves impulse control and attenuates relapse-like alcohol intake in long-term drinking rats - Behav Brain Res 2022 Sep 1 - "In conclusion, our findings continue to support the use of NAC as an adjuvant treatment for the maintenance of abstinence in AUD. Moreover, we provide evidence for NAC's efficacy in improving impulse control following drinking, which warrants further investigation in substance use settings" - See n-acetyl cysteine at Amazon.com.

N-acetylcysteine attenuates atherosclerosis progression in aging LDL receptor deficient mice with preserved M2 macrophages and increased CD146 - Atherosclerosis 2022 Aug 13 - "Early and adequate NAC treatment could effectively attenuate inflammation and atherosclerosis progression with preserved M2 population and increased CD146 level in aging LDLR-/- mice without extreme hyperlipidemia" - See n-acetyl cysteine at Amazon.com.

Estimated Event-Free Survival Benefits with Dapagliflozin in HF with Mildly Reduced or Preserved Ejection Fraction - J Am Coll Cardiol 2022 Aug 24 - "Treatment with dapagliflozin is projected to extend event-free survival by up to 2-2.5 years among middle age and older individuals with HF with mildly reduced, preserved, or improved ejection fraction" - See dapagliflozin at reliablerxpharmacy.com.

Dapagliflozin in Patients Recently Hospitalized With Heart Failure and Mildly Reduced or Preserved Ejection Fraction - J Am Coll Cardiol 2022 Aug 26 - "Dapagliflozin safely reduced risk of worsening HF or cardiovascular death similarly in patients with and without history of recent HF hospitalization. Starting dapagliflozin during or shortly after HF hospitalization in patients with mildly reduced or preserved LVEF appears safe and effective. (Dapagliflozin Evaluation to Improve the LIVEs of Patients With PReserved Ejection Fraction Heart Failure" - See dapagliflozin at reliablerxpharmacy.com. 

Health Focus (Cruciferous Vegetables):