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Recent Longevity News for the seven days ending
10/13/10. You should consult your doctor if you are taking any
medications.
Promising drug candidate reverses age-related memory loss in mice - Science
Daily, 10/12/10 - "Such
memory loss has been
linked with high levels of 'stress' steroid hormones known as
glucocorticoids which have a deleterious
effect on the part of the brain that helps us to remember. An enzyme called
11beta-HSD1 is involved in making these
hormones and has been shown to be more active in the brain during aging ... We
found that life-long partial deficiency of 11beta-HSD1 prevented memory decline
with aging. But we were very surprised to find that the blocking compound works
quickly over a few days to improve memory in old mice suggesting it might be a
good treatment for the already elderly ... We previously showed that
carbenoxolone, an old drug that blocks multiple enzymes including 11beta-HSD1,
improves memory in healthy elderly men and in patients with type 2 diabetes
after just a month of treatment, so we are optimistic that our new compounds
will be effective in humans. The next step is to conduct further studies with
our preclinical candidate to prove that the compound is safe to take into
clinical trials, hopefully within a year"
Too much
light at night at night may lead to obesity, study finds - Science Daily,
10/11/10 - "mice exposed to a relatively dim light at
night over eight weeks had a body mass gain
that was about 50 percent more than other mice that lived in a standard
light-dark cycle ... Something about light at night was making the mice in our
study want to eat at the wrong times to properly metabolize their food ... So
how does light at night lead to changes in metabolism? The researchers believe
the light could disrupt levels of the hormone
melatonin, which is involved in metabolism. In addition, it may disrupt the
expression of clock genes, which help control when animals feed and when they
are active"
Insulin
resistance may be associated with stroke risk - Science Daily, 10/11/10 -
"Individuals in the top quarter of
insulin resistance had a 45 percent greater
risk of any type of vascular event. However, insulin resistance was not
associated with heart attack or vascular death separately"
Resveratrol shows metabolic benefits for obese: Study - Nutra USA, 10/11/10
- "When human fat cells were exposed to IL-1B, the
researchers noted increases in the secretion of
pro-inflammatory compounds, including IL6, IL8, MCP-1. However, when the
cells were simultaneously exposed to resveratrol,
a 16 to 36 percent reduction in the expression of these cytokines was observed"
- [Abstract] - See
resveratrol products at Amazon.com.
Biothera's beta-glucan ingredient may reduce cold/flu incidence - Nutra USA,
10/8/10 - "Only 10 percent of women receiving
supplements of Biothera’s Wellmune WGP branded ingredient reported
upper respiratory tract infection symptoms, such as sore throat, stuffy or
runny nose, and cough, compared with 29 percent of women in the control group"
- See
beta-glucan products at iHerb.
Finasteride May Be Helpful for Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy - Medscape,
10/8/10 - "Finasteride
improves long-term urinary symptoms versus
placebo, but is less effective than doxazosin," the study authors write.
"Long-term combination therapy with
alpha blockers
(doxazosin, terazosin) improves symptoms significantly better than finasteride
monotherapy. Finasteride + doxazosin improves symptoms equally — and clinically
— to doxazosin alone. In comparison to doxazosin, finasteride + doxazosin
appears to improve urinary symptoms only in men with medium (25 to < 40 mL) or
large prostates (≥ 40 mL), but not in men with small prostates (25 mL)."
Got
fish? Nutrition studies explore health benefits - Science Daily, 10/8/10 -
"DHA protected the animals
against two harmful side effects of CLA: CLA-induced
insulin resistance and CLA-induced non-alcoholic fatty-liver disease. In
contrast, EPA offered only partial protection against CLA-induced non-alcoholic
fatty liver disease and provided no protection against insulin resistance"
- See
Mega Twin EPA at Amazon.com
and
Jarrow Max DHA at Amazon.com.
Vitamin
D deficiency rampant in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery, damaging patient
recovery - Science Daily, 10/6/10 - "Almost 50
percent of patients undergoing orthopedic surgery have
vitamin D deficiency that should be corrected
before surgery to improve patient outcomes"
Research
identifies the herbal supplements that are effective in treating anxiety -
Science Daily, 10/6/10 - "A systematic review of
research into the use of nutritional supplements for the treatment of
anxiety disorders has found strong evidence for
the use of extracts of passionflower or
kava and combinations of
L-lysine and L-arginine ... We found mixed
results -- while passionflower or kava and L-lysine and L-arginine appeared to
be effective, St John's Wort and magnesium supplements were not"
Air
pollution linked to breast cancer, study suggests - Science Daily, 10/6/10 -
"We found a link between post-menopausal
breast cancer and exposure to nitrogen dioxide
(NO2), which is a 'marker' for traffic-related air
pollution ... Across Montreal, levels of NO2 varied between 5 ppb to over 30
ppb. We found that risk increased by about 25 per cent with every increase of
NO2 of five parts per billion. Another way of saying this is that women living
in the areas with the highest levels of pollution were almost twice as likely to
develop breast cancer as those living in the least polluted areas" -
SUVs!!!
Emotional effects of heavy combat can be lifelong for veterans - Science
Daily, 10/6/10 - "heavy combat exposure at a young age
had a detrimental effect on physical health and psychological well-being for
about half of the men well into their 80s ... about half of the veterans who
experienced a high level of combat showed signs of stress-related growth at
mid-life, leading to greater wisdom and
well-being in old age than
among veterans who witnessed no combat ... Firing at the enemy, killing people
and watching others die is enormously stressful, but it can result in personal
growth as with survivors of cancer and sexual assault" - See the bold
faced. I was an army helicopter pilot in Vietnam for a year and a half
before joining the navy. I also
survived a 25% chance of survival from head and necks cancer.
New
findings pull back curtain on relationship between iron and Alzheimer's disease
- Science Daily, 10/6/10 - "there is a very close link
between elevated levels of iron in the brain and
the enhanced production of the amyloid precursor protein, which in
Alzheimer's disease breaks down into a
peptide that makes up the destructive plaques ... it had been known that an
abundance of iron in brain cells somehow results in an abundance of amyloid
precursor protein, or APP, and its destructive peptide offspring"
Abstracts from this week's
Doctor's Guide Nutrition/Dietetics
plus abstracts from my RSS feeds (Click here
for the journals, the PubMed ones at the top):
Long-term
exposure to elevated blood pressure and mortality from cardiovascular disease in
a Japanese population: the Ibaraki Prefectural Health Study - Hypertens Res.
2010 Oct 7 - "Multivariate HRs (95% confidence interval)
associated with a 10 mm Hg increase in systolic
BP were measured in 1993 and 1998, and their averages were 1.11 (1.05-1.16),
1.13 (1.07-1.18) and 1.17 (1.10-1.27), respectively. Multivariate HRs for a
10 mm Hg increase in time-averaged systolic BP were 1.12 (1.03-1.21) in men and
1.24 (1.13-1.35) in women. The subgroup analysis of antihypertensive use showed
that multivariate HRs for time-averaged systolic BP were 1.20 (1.11-1.29) in
sustained non-users and 1.17 (1.04-1.32) in sustained users. Similar results
were also obtained for diastolic BP. In conclusion, long-term exposure to
elevated BP substantially associates with excess risk for
cardiovascular disease
mortality among Japanese subjects, irrespective
of antihypertensive medication use. Thus, appropriate management of BP is
important in both users and non-users of antihypertensive medication"
Resting
heart rate in patients with stable coronary artery disease and diabetes: a
report from the Euro Heart Survey on Diabetes and the Heart - Eur Heart J.
2010 Oct 8 - "resting heart rate (RHR) ...
cardiovascular events (CVE) ... Overall, median RHR was 70 (62-78) b.p.m. The
RHR quartile stratification was significantly associated with outcome in the
overall population (P = 0.002 and P = 0.021 for survival and CVE, respectively),
whereas it was not in patients without DM. In patients with DM, the RHR
quartiles correlated with survival (P = 0.032). In an adjusted regression model
performed in patients without DM, RHR associated with neither
survival [hazard ratio (HR): 0.97, 95%
confidence interval (CI): 0.74-1.27; P = 0.804] nor CVE (HR: 0.85, 95% CI:
0.71-1.01, P = 0.068). In contrast, a 10-b.p.m. increase in RHR was
independently associated with survival (HR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.06-1.69, P = 0.015),
but not with CVE (HR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.84-1.18; P = 0.359) in patients with DM.
Conclusion The present report, based on patients with stable
CAD, is the first to reveal that the
association between RHR and CVE seems to subsist in those with DM, however, not
in those without DM"
Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Prostate Cancer Risk in the VITamins
And Lifestyle (VITAL) Cohort - Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2010 Oct 8
- "NSAID use was not
associated with prostate cancer risk in the
VITAL cohort.Impact: Our findings do not support the use of NSAIDs for
chemoprevention of prostate cancer"
High dietary
niacin intake is associated with decreased chromosome translocation frequency in
airline pilots - Br J Nutr. 2010 Oct 8:1-9 -
"Experimental studies suggest that B vitamins such as
niacin, folate, riboflavin, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 may protect against
DNA damage induced by ionising radiation (IR)
... We observed a significant inverse association between translocation
frequency and dietary intake of niacin (P = 0.02): adjusted rate ratio for
subjects in the highest tertile compared with the lowest tertile was 0.58 (95 %
CI 0.40, 0.83). Translocation frequency was not associated with total niacin
intake from food and supplements as well as dietary or total intake of folate,
riboflavin or vitamin B6 or B12. However, the adjusted rate ratios were
significant for subjects with ≥ median compared with < median intake of whole
grains (P = 0.03) and red and processed meat (P = 0.01): 0.69 (95 % CI 0.50,
0.96) and 1.56 (95 % CI 1.13, 2.16), respectively. Our data suggest that a high
intake of niacin from food or a diet high in whole grains but low in red and
processed meat may protect against cumulative DNA damage in IR-exposed persons"
-
Airplane Radiation Exposure Protection - "During
a cross country flight from NY to LA you are subjected to more radiation
from the plane then you are during a chest X-ray" - Note:. Think
about it, if a pilot were to average two round trips per week (very
reasonable), that's 4 chest x-rays per week or 208 chest x-rays per year.
Human trial
of liposomal lactoferrin supplementation for periodontal disease - Biol
Pharm Bull. 2010;33(10):1758-62 - "The
PD was significantly reduced by
L-bLF
supplementation, but the BOP and GCF volume were not significantly changed. The
MCP-1 level in GCF was significantly reduced, while levels of other cytokines
were not changed. Four-week L-bLF supplementation also showed significant
decreases of LPS-induced cytokine production from PBMCs. Relative gene
expressions of TLR2 and TLR4 did not change. These results suggest that L-bLF
supplementation can be effective in the treatment of periodontal disease,
although prospective controlled large-scale studies are required" - See
lactoferrin products at iHerb.
Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Protection from Carnosine in the Striatum of
MPTP-Treated Mice - J Agric Food Chem. 2010 Oct 6 -
"The preintake of
carnosine significantly attenuated
MPTP-induced
glutathione loss, retained the activity of
GPX and SOD, diminished oxidative stress, and lowered inflammatory
cytokines and nitrite levels as well as
suppressed iNOS activity (P < 0.05). MPTP treatment significantly suppressed GPX
mRNA expression and enhanced iNOS mRNA expression (P < 0.05). Carnosine
preintake significantly elevated GPX mRNA expression and declined iNOS mRNA
expression (P < 0.05). Preintake of carnosine also significantly improved
MPTP-induced dopamine depletion and maintained
3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovanillic acid levels (P < 0.05). These
results suggest that carnosine could provide antioxidative and anti-inflammatory
protection for the striatum against the development of
Parkinson's disease" - See
l-carnosine at Amazon.com.
Dietary
Glycemic Load Is a Predictor of Age-Related Hearing Loss in Older Adults - J
Nutr. 2010 Oct 6 - "Participants in the highest quartile
of mean dietary GL intake compared with those
in the lowest quartile had a 76% greater risk of developing incident
hearing loss (P-trend = 0.04). Higher
carbohydrate and sugar intakes were associated with incident hearing loss
(P-trend = 0.03 and P-trend = 0.05, respectively). In summary, a high-GL diet
was a predictor of incident hearing loss, as was higher intake of total
carbohydrate. Hence, high postprandial glycemia might be a potential underlying
biological mechanism in the development of age-related hearing loss"
Dietary
fatty acid composition alters 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 gene
expression in rat retroperitoneal white adipose tissue - Lipids Health Dis.
2010 Oct 8;9(1):111 - "The enzyme 11beta-hydroxysteroid
dehydrogenase type 1 (11beta-HSD1) amplifies
intracellular glucocorticoid action by
converting inactive glucocorticoids to their active forms in vivo.
Adipose-specific overexpression of 11beta-HSD1 induces metabolic syndrome in
mice, whereas 11beta-HSD1 null mice are resistant to it. Dietary trans and
saturated fatty acids (TFAs and SFAs) are involved in the development of
metabolic syndrome, whereas polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) offer protection
against this. Here, we report the effects of chronic feeding of different diets
containing vanaspati (TFA rich), palm oil (SFA rich) and sunflower oil (PUFA
rich) at 10%level on 11beta-HSD1 gene expression in rat retroperitoneal adipose
tissue. 11beta-HSD1 gene expression was significantly higher in TFA rich
diet-fed rats compared to SFA rich diet-fed rats, which in turn was
significantly higher than PUFA rich diet-fed rats. Similar trend was observed in
the expression of CCAAT-enhancer binding protein-alpha (C/EBP-alpha), the main
transcription factor required for the expression of 11beta-HSD1. We propose that
TFAs and SFAs increase local amplification of glucocorticoid action in adipose
tissue by upregulating 11beta-HSD1 by altering C/EBP--gene expression. The
increased levels of glucocorticoids in adipose tissue may lead to development of
obesity and insulin resistance, thereby increasing the risk of developing
metabolic syndrome" - Note: 11beta-HSD1 goes hand in hand with
cortisol.
Effect of
High-dose Vitamin C on Oxygen Free Radical Production and Myocardial Enzyme
after Tourniquet Ischaemia-Reperfusion Injury during Bilateral Total Knee
Replacement - J Int Med Res. 2010 Jul-Aug;38(4):1519-29 -
"In the VC group,
malondialdehyde levels were lower, and arterial oxygen tension and mean blood
pressure were higher, than in controls after post-operative deflation of both
knee tourniquets. Troponin I levels were lower in the VC group than in controls
8 h post-operation. Administering high-dose
vitamin C during bilateral TKR could prevent oxygen free radical production and
a decline in arterial oxygen tension and mean blood pressure induced by
ischaemia-reperfusion injury, thereby protecting the myocardium"
Nutritional
and herbal supplements for anxiety and anxiety-related disorders: systematic
review - Nutr J. 2010 Oct 7;9(1):42 - "based on this
systematic review, strong evidence exists for the use of herbal supplements
containing extracts of passionflower or
kava and combinations of
L-lysine and L-arginine as treatments for
anxiety symptoms and disorders.
Magnesium-containing supplements and other herbal combinations may hold promise,
but more research is needed before these products can be recommended to
patients. St. John's wort monotherapy has insufficient evidence for use as an
effective anxiolytic treatment"
Anti-inflammatory effect of resveratrol on adipokine expression and secretion in
human adipose tissue explants - Int J Obes (Lond). 2010 Jun 8 -
"This study is the first to show
anti-inflammatory effects of RSV on adipokine expression and secretion in
human adipose tissue in vitro through the SIRT1 pathway. Thus,
RSV is hypothesized to possess beneficial
effects and might improve the
metabolic profile in human obesity" -
See
resveratrol products at Amazon.com.
Flavonoids,
proanthocyanidins, and cancer risk: a network of case-control studies from Italy
- Nutr Cancer. 2010 Oct;62(7):871-7 - "Total
flavonoids, flavanones, and flavonols were
inversely related to oral and laryngeal cancers (ORs, respectively 0.56 and 0.60
for total flavonoids; 0.51 and 0.60 for flavanones; and 0.62 and 0.32 for
flavonols). Flavanols were also inversely related to laryngeal cancer (OR =
0.64), whereas flavanones were inversely related to esophageal cancer (OR =
0.38). A reduced risk of colorectal cancer was found for high intake of
anthocyanidins (OR = 0.67), flavonols (OR = 0.64), flavones (OR = 0.78), and
isoflavones (OR = 0.76). Inverse relations with breast cancer were found for
flavones (OR = 0.81) and flavonols (OR = 0.80). Flavonols (OR = 0.63) and
isoflavones (OR = 0.51) were inversely associated to ovarian cancer, whereas
flavonols (OR = 0.69) and flavones (OR = 0.68) were inversely associated to
renal cancer. No association between flavonoids and prostate cancer emerged. We
found inverse associations between proanthocyanidins and colorectal cancer.
These associations appeared stronger for proanthocyanidins with a higher degree
of polymerization (OR = 0.69 for ≥ 10 mers)" - See
bioflavonoids at Amazon.com.
Allicin
purified from fresh garlic cloves induces apoptosis in colon cancer cells via
nrf2 - Nutr Cancer. 2010 Oct;62(7):947-57 -
"Treatment with
allicin resulted in HCT-116 apoptotic cell death
as demonstrated by enhanced hypodiploid DNA content, decreased levels of B-cell
non-Hodgkin lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), increased levels of bax and increased capability
of releasing cytochrome c from mitochondria to the cytosol. Allicin also induced
translocation of NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) to the nuclei of HCT-116 cells.
Luciferase reporter gene assay showed that allicin induces Nrf2-mediated
luciferase transactivation activity. SiRNA knock down of Nrf2 significantly
affected the capacity of allicin to inhibit HCT-116 proliferation. These results
suggest that Nrf2 mediates the allicin-induced apoptotic death of
colon cancer cells" - See
garlic supplements at Amazon.com.
Soy
isoflavones in conjunction with radiation therapy in patients with prostate
cancer - Nutr Cancer. 2010 Oct;62(7):996-1000 - "Soy
isoflavones sensitize
prostate cancer cells to radiation therapy by
inhibiting cell survival pathways activated by
radiation. At the same time, soy isoflavones have significant antioxidant
and anti-inflammatory activity, which may help prevent the side effects of
radiation ... Adverse effects of radiation therapy on bladder, bowel, and sexual
function were assessed by a self-administered quality of life questionnaire at 3
and 6 mo. Only 26 and 27 patients returned completed questionnaires at 3 and 6
mo, respectively. At each time point, urinary, bowel, and sexual adverse
symptoms induced by radiation therapy were decreased in the soy isoflavone group
compared to placebo group. At 3 mo, soy-treated patients had less urinary
incontinence, less urgency, and better erectile function as compared to the
placebo group. At 6 mo, the symptoms in soy-treated patients were further
improved as compared to the placebo group. These patients had less
dripping/leakage of urine (7.7% in Group 1 vs. 28.4% in Group 2), less rectal
cramping/diarrhea (7.7% vs. 21.4%), and less pain with bowel movements (0% vs.
14.8%) than placebo-treated patients. There was also a higher overall ability to
have erections (77% vs. 57.1%). The results suggest that soy isoflavones taken
in conjunction with radiation therapy could reduce the urinary, intestinal, and
sexual adverse effects in patients with prostate cancer" - See
soy isoflavones at Amazon.com.
Effects of
PGX, a novel functional fibre, on acute and delayed postprandial glycaemia -
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2010 Oct 6 - "Granular
PGX at breakfast time at doses of 2.5, 5 and 7.5 g
reduced the incremental area under the curve by up to 50% in a linear
dose-response fashion (P<0.001). The granular form of PGX (5 g), but not the
capsules, reduced glycaemia by up to 28% when consumed from -45 to +15 min
(P<0.001). Capsules containing 3, 4.5 and 6 g PGX consumed with the evening meal
reduced glycaemia at breakfast by up to 28% (P<0.001)" - See
PGX at Amazon.com.
Exercise-induced changes in metabolic intermediates, hormones, and inflammatory
markers associated with improvements in insulin sensitivity - Diabetes Care.
2010 Oct 4 - "exercise
training (ET) ... With ET, improvements in S(I)
were associated with reductions in by-products of fatty acid oxidation and
increases in glycine and proline (P<0.05, R(2)=0.59); these relationships were
retained 15 days after cessation of ET (P<0.05, R(2)=0.34). Conclusions: These
observations support prior observations in animal models that ET promotes more
efficient mitochondrial beta oxidation and challenges current hypotheses
regarding ET and glycine metabolism"
Prebiotic
effects: metabolic and health benefits - Br J Nutr. 2010 Aug;104(S2):S1-S63
- "Numerous experimental studies have reported reduction
in incidence of tumours and cancers after feeding specific food products with a
prebiotic effect. Some of these studies (including
one human trial) have also reported that, in such conditions, gut microbiota
composition was modified (especially due to increased concentration of
bifidobacteria). Dietary intake of particular food products with a prebiotic
effect has been shown, especially in adolescents, but also tentatively in
postmenopausal women, to increase Ca absorption as well as bone Ca accretion and
bone mineral density. Recent data, both from experimental models and from human
studies, support the beneficial effects of particular food products with
prebiotic properties on energy homaeostasis, satiety regulation and body weight
gain. Together, with data in obese animals and patients, these studies support
the hypothesis that gut microbiota composition (especially the number of
bifidobacteria) may contribute to modulate metabolic processes associated with
syndrome X, especially obesity and diabetes type 2. It is plausible, even though
not exclusive, that these effects are linked to the microbiota-induced changes
and it is feasible to conclude that their mechanisms fit into the prebiotic
effect. However, the role of such changes in these health benefits remains to be
definitively proven. As a result of the research activity that followed the
publication of the prebiotic concept 15 years ago, it has become clear that
products that cause a selective modification in the gut microbiota's composition
and/or activity(ies) and thus strengthens normobiosis could either induce
beneficial physiological effects in the colon and also in extra-intestinal
compartments or contribute towards reducing the risk of dysbiosis and associated
intestinal and systemic pathologies" - See
probiotics at Amazon.com.
Health Focus (Fructose):
News & Research:
-
Pancreatic cancers use fructose, common in the Western diet, to fuel their
growth - Science Daily, 8/2/10 - "The bottom
line is the modern diet contains a lot of refined sugar including fructose
and it's a hidden danger implicated in a lot of modern diseases, such as
obesity, diabetes and fatty liver ... the pancreatic cancer cells could
easily distinguish between glucose and fructose even though they are very
similar structurally, and contrary to conventional wisdom, the cancer cells
metabolized the sugars in very different ways. In the case of fructose, the
pancreatic cancer cells used the sugar in the transketolase-driven
non-oxidative pentose phosphate pathway to generate nucleic acids, the
building blocks of RNA and DNA, which the cancer cells need to divide and
proliferate"
-
High
fructose diet may contribute to high blood pressure, study finds -
Science Daily, 7/1/10 - "people who consumed a diet
of 74 grams or more per day of fructose (corresponding to 2.5 sugary soft
drinks per day) had a 26%, 30%, and 77% higher risk for blood pressure
levels of 135/85, 140/90, and 160/100 mmHg, respectively. (A normal blood
pressure reading is below 120/80 mmHg.)"
-
High
fructose, trans fats lead to significant liver disease, says study -
Science Daily, 6/22/10 - "mice fed the normal
calorie chow diet remained lean and did not have fatty liver disease. Mice
fed high calorie diets (trans-fat alone or a combination of trans-fat and
high fructose) became obese and had fatty liver disease ... it was only the
group fed the combination of trans-fat and high fructose which developed the
advanced fatty liver disease which had fibrosis ... This same group also had
increased oxidative stress in the liver, increased inflammatory cells, and
increased levels of plasma oxidative stress markers"
-
Fructose sugar makes maturing human fat cells fatter, less
insulin-sensitive, study finds
- Science Daily, 6/21/10 - "high levels of fructose,
which may result from eating a diet high in fructose, throughout childhood
may lead to an increase in visceral [abdominal] obesity, which is associated
with increased cardiometabolic risk ... For both types of fat cells,
maturation in fructose decreased the cells' insulin sensitivity, which is
the ability to successfully take up glucose from the bloodstream into fat
and muscles. Decreased insulin sensitivity is a characteristic of Type 2
diabetes"
-
Drinking fewer sugar-sweetened beverages may lower blood pressure -
Science Daily, 5/24/10 - ""Our findings suggest that
reducing sugar-sweetened beverages and sugar consumption may be an important
dietary strategy to lower blood pressure and further reduce other blood
pressure-related diseases," Chen said. "It has been estimated that a
3-millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) reduction in systolic blood pressure should
reduce stroke mortality by 8 percent and coronary heart disease mortality by
5 percent. Such reductions in systolic blood pressure would be anticipated
by reducing sugar-sweetened beverages consumption by an average of 2
servings per day ... a reduction of one serving/day of SSB was associated
with a 1.8 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) drop in systolic pressure and a
1.1 mm Hg decline in diastolic pressure over 18 months"
-
Study: Too Much Sugar Increases Heart Risks - Time Magazine, 4/21/10 -
"Compared with people consuming less than 5% of
their daily calories in added sugar, those in the highest consumption group
— who got 25% or more of their daily calories in added sugar — were twice as
likely to have low levels of HDL cholesterol, the beneficial lipid that mops
up artery-clogging LDL cholesterol. According to government health
guidelines, HDL levels below 50 mg/dL for women and 40 mg/dL for men are
considered low; 43% of the highest sugar consumers recorded low HDL, while
only 22% of the lowest sugar consumers did ... People eating the most added
sugar also recorded the highest triglyceride levels ... Low HDL and high
triglyceride levels are two of the primary risk factors for heart disease"
-
High
fructose corn syrup linked to liver scarring, research suggests -
Science Daily, 3/22/10 - "The researchers found only
19 percent of adults with NAFLD reported no intake of fructose-containing
beverages, while 52 percent consumed between one and six servings a week and
29 percent consumed fructose-containing beverages on a daily basis"
-
High-fructose corn syrup prompts considerably more weight gain, researchers
find - Science Daily, 3/22/10
-
Drinking sugar-sweetened beverages daily linked to diabetes - Science
Daily, 3/6/10 - "Using the Coronary Heart Disease
(CHD) Policy Model, a well-established computer simulation model of the
national population age 35 and older, researchers estimate that the
increased consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages between 1990 and 2000
contributed to 130,000 new cases of diabetes, 14,000 new cases of coronary
heart disease (CHD), and 50,000 additional life-years burdened by coronary
heart disease over the past decade"
-
Soft
drink consumption may markedly increase risk of pancreatic cancer -
Science Daily, 2/8/10 - "Consuming two or more soft
drinks per week increased the risk of developing pancreatic cancer by nearly
twofold compared to individuals who did not consume soft drinks" - [Abstract]
-
High Fructose Intake Linked to Metabolic Syndrome, Kidney Disease -
Science Daily, 1/14/10 - "men who were randomized to
receive 200 g fructose daily for 2 weeks without or without allopurinol ...
Fructose intake was associated with an average increase in systolic and
diastolic blood pressure of 7 and 5 mm Hg, respectively ... Mean fasting
triglyceride levels rose by 0.62 mmol/L (p < 0.002), while high-density
lipoprotein cholesterol levels fell by 0.06 mmol/L ... the prevalence of
metabolic syndrome increased by 25% to 33%"
-
Sugary cola drinks linked to higher risk of gestational diabetes -
Science Daily, 11/30/09
-
High
Fructose Corn Syrup: A Recipe For Hypertension, Study Finds - Science
Daily, 11/10/09 - "people who ate or drank more than
74 grams per day of fructose (2.5 sugary soft drinks per day) increased
their risk of developing hypertension. Specifically, a diet of more than 74
grams per day of fructose led to a 28%, 36%, and 87% higher risk for blood
pressure levels of 135/85, 140/90, and 160/100 mmHg, respectively. (A normal
blood pressure reading is below 120/80 mmHg.)"
-
High Fructose Intake May Raise Blood Pressure - WebMD, 11/2/09 -
"About 2.5 sugary soft drinks a day is enough to
elevate the pressure ... Overall, intakes of 74 grams or more daily was
associated with a 36% higher risk of having blood pressure of 140/90 or
higher, she found. Ideally, blood pressure should be below 120/80 ... ''We
know that fructose has the potential to reduce nitric oxide production
within the blood vessels,'' she says. "Nitric oxide relaxes the vessel and
is supposed to lower blood pressure. Fructose reduces the production of
nitric oxide and makes it difficult for the vessels to relax and dilate."
... Fructose also raises uric acid in the blood, she says, and that could
raise blood pressure. "Fructose can tell the kidneys to 'hold onto' more
salt, and that can contribute to high blood pressure,""
-
Health Buzz: Fructose-Heavy Diet Linked to Hypertension and Other Health
News - US News and World Report, 9/24/09 - "A
small study is among the first to show that regular consumption of
fructose-heavy foods and drinks might raise blood pressure—at least in men"
-
Heat
Forms Potentially Harmful Substance In High-fructose Corn Syrup -
Science Daily, 8/26/09
-
Eating High Levels Of Fructose Impairs Memory In Rats - Science Daily,
7/16/09 -
"What we discovered is that the fructose diet
doesn't affect their ability to learn ... But they can't seem to remember as
well where the platform was when you take it away. They swam more randomly
than rats fed a control diet"
-
Fructose-Sweetened Beverages Linked to Heart Risks - NYTimes.com,
4/23/09 - "a controlled and randomized study has
found that drinks sweetened with fructose led to higher blood levels of
L.D.L, or "bad" cholesterol, and triglycerides in overweight test subjects,
while drinks sweetened with another sugar, glucose, did not. Both L.D.L. and
triglycerides have been linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular
disease"
-
Fresh Take on Fructose vs. Glucose - WebMD, 4/21/09 -
"Both the groups gained weight during the trial, but
imaging studies revealed that most of the added fat in the fructose group
occurred in the belly, while most of the fat gained by the glucose group was
subcutaneous (under the skin) ... Belly fat, but not subcutaneous fat, has
been linked to an increased risk for heart disease and diabetes ... The
fructose group had higher total cholesterol and LDL "bad" cholesterol, plus
greater insulin resistance, which are consistent with metabolic syndrome,
while the glucose group did not"
-
High fructose corn syrup: How
dangerous is it? - MSNBC, 4/17/09
-
Fructose Metabolism By The Brain Increases Food Intake And Obesity, Review
Suggests - Science Daily, 3/25/09
-
Not
So Sweet: Over-consumption Of Sugar Linked To Aging - Science Daily,
3/9/09 - "We know that lifespan can be extended in
animals by restricting calories such as sugar intake ...it's not sugar
itself that is important in this process but the ability of cells to sense
its presence ... the lifespan of yeast cells increased when glucose was
decreased from their diet. They then asked whether the increase in lifespan
was due to cells decreasing their ability to produce energy or to the
decrease in signal to the cells by the glucose sensor ... cells unable to
consume glucose as energy source are still sensitive to the pro-aging
effects of glucose. Conversely, obliterating the sensor that measures the
levels of glucose significantly increased lifespan"
-
Why
Diets High In High-fructose Corn Syrup (found In Soda And Processed Foods)
Can Lead To Insulin Resistance - Science Daily, 3/3/09 -
"mice on a high-fructose diet were protected from
insulin resistance when a gene known as transcriptional coactivator PPARg
coactivator-1b (PGC-1b) was "knocked down" in the animals' liver and fat
tissue ... Fructose is much more readily metabolized to fat in the liver
than glucose is and in the process can lead to nonalcoholic fatty liver
disease ... NAFLD in turn leads to hepatic insulin resistance and type II
diabetes"
-
Fructose-sweetened Drinks Increase Nonfasting Triglycerides In Obese Adults
- Science Daily, 2/12/09 - "Obese people who drink
fructose-sweetened beverages with their meals have an increased rise of
triglycerides following the meal ... Increased triglycerides after a meal
are known predictors of cardiovascular disease"
-
Mercury in Some High Fructose Corn Syrup? - WebMD, 1/27/09 -
"we found detectable mercury in 17 of 55 samples, or
around 31%"
-
High-Fructose Corn Syrup’s Bad Rap Unfair? - WebMD, 12/11/08
-
Fructose Metabolism More Complicated Than Was Thought - Science Daily,
12/9/08
-
New data: High-fructose corn syrup no worse than sugar - USATODAY.com,
12/8/08 - "Now, the tide of research, if not public
opinion, has shifted. This week, five papers published in a supplement to
Clinical Nutrition find no special link between consumption of high-fructose
corn syrup and obesity ... It doesn't appear that when you consume
high-fructose corn syrup, you have any different total effect on appetite
than if you consume any other sugar"
-
Fructose -- Found In High-fructose Corn Syrup, Sugar -- Sets Table For
Weight Gain Without Warning - Science Daily, 10/16/08 -
"Eating too much fructose can induce leptin
resistance, a condition that can easily lead to becoming overweight when
combined with a high-fat, high-calorie diet"
-
High Fructose Corn Syrup: Too Sweet to Eat? - Dr. Weil, 9/1/08
-
Fructose May Make You Fatter - WebMD, 7/31/08 -
"Fructose gets made into fat more quickly, and when that process is turned
on there seems to be a signal that goes to the liver that says store all the
other fats you are seeing"
-
Limiting Fructose May Boost Weight Loss, Researcher Reports - Science
Daily, 7/24/08 - "One of the reasons people on
low-carbohydrate diets may lose weight is that they reduce their intake of
fructose, a type of sugar that can be made into body fat quick ... Fructose,
on the other hand, enters this metabolic pathway downstream, bypassing the
traffic cop and flooding the metabolic pathway"
-
High Fructose Corn Syrup Gets Unlikely Ally - WebMD, 6/18/08 -
"At a meeting in Chicago, AMA delegates backed a
resolution that argues that there's no scientific proof that high fructose
corn syrup deserves the blame for obesity more than sugar or other caloric
sweeteners. The resolution also nixes putting warning labels on products
containing high fructose corn syrup"
-
Sweet Soft Drinks,
Fructose Linked to Increased Risk for Gout - Medscape, 2/4/08
-
Blame
Sweet Soda for Gout? - WebMD, 1/31/08 -
"Compared with men who almost never drank sugar-sweetened soft drinks --
fewer than one per month -- frequent soft-drink drinkers were significantly
more likely to suffer gout: ... Two or more soft drinks each day upped gout
risk by 85% ... One soft drink each day upped gout risk by 45% ... Five or
six soft drinks each week upped gout risk by 29%"
-
Too
Much Fructose Could Leave Dieters Sugar Shocked - Science Daily,
12/13/07 - "Eating too much fructose causes uric
acid levels to spike, which can block the ability of insulin to regulate how
body cells use and store sugar and other nutrients for energy, leading to
obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes"
-
Too
Much Sugar Turns Off Gene That Controls Effects Of Sex Steroids -
Science Daily, 11/21/07 - "This discovery reinforces
public health advice to eat complex carbohydrates and avoid sugar ...
Glucose and fructose are metabolized in the liver. When there’s too much
sugar in the diet, the liver converts it to lipid. Using a mouse model and
human liver cell cultures, the scientists discovered that the increased
production of lipid shut down a gene called SHBG (sex hormone binding
globulin), reducing the amount of SHBG protein in the blood. SHBG protein
plays a key role in controlling the amount of testosterone and estrogen
that’s available throughout the body"
-
Sugary Drinks, Not Fruit Juice, May Be Linked To Insulin - Science
Daily, 9/5/07 - "Study participants who consumed two
or more sugar-sweetened beverages per day had significantly higher fasting
blood levels of insulin as compared to participants who did not report
consuming any such beverages, regardless of age, sex, weight, smoking
status, or other dietary habits ... Higher fasting levels of insulin mean
these study participants are more at risk for developing Type 2 diabetes ...
consumption of 100 percent fruit juice was not significantly related to any
of our measures of insulin resistance"
-
Soda
Warning? High-fructose Corn Syrup Linked To Diabetes, New Study Suggests
- Science Daily, 8/23/07 - "high-fructose corn syrup
(HFCS) ... Chi-Tang Ho, Ph.D., conducted chemical tests among 11 different
carbonated soft drinks containing HFCS. He found 'astonishingly high' levels
of reactive carbonyls in those beverages. These undesirable and
highly-reactive compounds associated with "unbound" fructose and glucose
molecules are believed to cause tissue damage ... Ho estimates that a single
can of soda contains about five times the concentration of reactive
carbonyls than the concentration found in the blood of an adult person with
diabetes ... adding epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a compound in tea,
significantly reduced the levels of reactive carbonyl species in a
dose-dependent manner when added to the carbonated soft drinks studied. In
some cases, the levels of reactive carbonyls were reduced by half"
-
Not
Enough Evidence To Indict High Fructose Corn Syrup In Obesity - Science
Daily, 7/27/07
-
Fructose: Sugar's Dark Side? - WebMD, 6/25/07
-
Fructose-Sweetened Drinks Tougher on Arteries - washingtonpost.com,
6/23/07 - "Fructose-sweetened drinks are more likely
to provoke the development of fatty artery deposits in overweight adults
than glucose-sweetened beverages ... Those who drank fructose-sweetened
drinks also had a boost in fasting blood concentrations of LDL ("bad")
cholesterol and other measures. Those levels were unaltered in those
consuming glucose-sweetened drinks, however"
-
Fructose-sweetened Beverages Increases Risk Of Obesity In Rats - Science
Daily, 3/16/07
-
Fructose-sweetened Beverages Increases Risk Of Diabetes In Rats -
Science Daily, 3/15/07
-
Sugar intake may hurt liver - Reuters, 10/31/06 -
"fatty liver disease was more common in the group
given sugar water, especially when exposed to a type of sugar called
fructose ... These data support the hypothesis that high fructose
consumption may not only (damage) the liver through over-feeding, but may be
directly" toxic"
-
Obesity and Fatty Liver disease - MedicineNet.com -
"Doctors also are using medications to treat non
alcoholic fatty liver disease. For example, insulin-sensitizing agents,
such as the thiazolidinediones,
pioglitazone
(Actos) and
rosiglitazone
(Avandia), and metformin (Glucophage)
not only help to control blood glucose in patients with diabetes, but
they also improve enzyme levels in patients with non alcoholic fatty
liver disease"
- See pioglitazone or rosiglitazone at
OffshoreRx1.com,
XlPharmacy
or
SuperSaverMeds.com.
-
Avandia Positively Impacts On Factors Linked With Insulin Resistance
- Doctor's Guide, 9/18/00 - "Increased deposits
of fat around the internal organs and in the liver are commonly
associated with insulin resistance and are found in many type 2 diabetes
patients ... Avandia helps prevent accumulation of fat around the
internal organs and significantly reduces hepatic fat"
-
Is Fructose Dangerous? - thenutritionreporter.com
Abstracts:
-
Sugar
Sweetened Beverages and Risk of Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes: A
Meta-analysis - Diabetes Care. 2010 Aug -
"sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), which include soft drinks, fruit drinks,
iced tea, energy and vitamin water drinks ... Based on data from these
studies, including 310,819 participants and 15,043 cases of T2DM,
individuals in the highest quantile of SSB intake (most often 1-2
servings/day) had a 26% greater risk of developing T2DM than those in the
lowest quantile (none or < 1 serving/month) (RR:1.26 (95% CI: 1.12, 1.41)).
Among studies evaluating MetSyn, including 19,431 participants and 5,803
cases, the pooled RR was 1.20 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.42)"
-
Nutrition and aging skin: sugar and glycation - Clin Dermatol. 2010
Jul-Aug;28(4):409-11 - "The effect of sugars on
aging skin is governed by the simple act of covalently cross-linking two
collagen fibers, which renders both of them incapable of easy repair.
Glucose and fructose link the amino acids present in the collagen and
elastin that support the dermis, producing advanced glycation end products
or "AGEs." This process is accelerated in all body tissues when sugar is
elevated and is further stimulated by ultraviolet light in the skin. The
effect on vascular, renal, retinal, coronary, and cutaneous tissues is being
defined, as are methods of reducing the glycation load through careful diet
and use of supplements"
-
Sweetened beverage consumption and risk of coronary heart disease in women
- Am J Clin Nutr. 2009 Feb 11 - "sugar-sweetened
beverages (SSBs) ... After standard and dietary risk factors were adjusted
for, the RRs (and 95% CIs) of CHD according to categories of cumulative
average of SSB consumption (<1/mo, 1-4/mo, 2-6/wk, 1/d, and >/=2 servings/d)
were 1.0, 0.96 (0.87, 1.06), 1.04 (0.95, 1.14), 1.23 (1.06, 1.43), and 1.35
(1.07, 1.69)"
-
Dietary
Green Tea Extract Lowers Plasma and Hepatic Triglyceride and Decreases the
Expression of Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Protein-1c mRNA and Its
Responsive Genes in Fructose-Fed Ovariectomized Rats - J Nutr. 2009 Feb
4 - "Fructose elevated plasma TG and cholesterol
compared with the S group. GT at 0.5 and 1.0% markedly lowered plasma and
liver TG. Fructose increased the expression of SREBP-1c, fatty acid
synthase, and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 mRNAs in the liver, whereas GT
decreased the expression of these lipogenic genes. Similarly, fructose
increased the abundance of hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase
mRNA, whereas GT significantly decreased its expression ... the
lipid-lowering effect of GT is mediated partly by its inhibition of hepatic
lipogenesis involving SREBP-1c and its responsive genes without affecting
lipoprotein assembly"
- See
green tea extract at Amazon.com.
-
Straight
talk about high-fructose corn syrup: what it is and what it ain't - Am J
Clin Nutr. 2008 Dec;88(6):1716S-1721S - "Although
examples of pure fructose causing metabolic upset at high concentrations
abound, especially when fed as the sole carbohydrate source, there is no
evidence that the common fructose-glucose sweeteners do the same. Thus,
studies using extreme carbohydrate diets may be useful for probing
biochemical pathways, but they have no relevance to the human diet or to
current consumption. I conclude that the HFCS-obesity hypothesis is
supported neither in the United States nor worldwide"
-
Fructose
consumption and consequences for glycation, plasma triacylglycerol, and body
weight: meta-analyses and meta-regression models of intervention studies
- Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Nov;88(5):1419-37 - "The
meta-analysis shows that fructose intakes from 0 to >or=90 g/d have a
beneficial effect on HbA(1c). Significant effects on postprandial
triacylglycerols are not evident unless >50 g fructose/d is consumed, and no
significant effects are seen for fasting triacylglycerol or body weight with
intakes of <or=100 g fructose/d in adults" - I don't get it. It
would seem like fructose would make HbA(1c) worse.
-
Dietary fructose and the metabolic syndrome - Curr Opin Gastroenterol.
2008 Mar;24(2):204-9 - "Recent animal studies have
confirmed the link between fructose feeding and increased plasma uric acid,
a potentially causative factor in metabolic syndrome. Advanced glycation end
products are also implicated because of their direct protein modifications
and indirect effects on inflammation and oxidative stress. Human studies
have demonstrated fructose's ability to change metabolic hormonal response,
possibly contributing to decreased satiety ... There is much evidence from
both animal models and human studies supporting the notion that fructose is
a highly lipogenic nutrient that, when consumed in high quantities,
contributes to tissue insulin insensitivity, metabolic defects, and the
development of a prediabetic state"
-
Sugar-sweetened soft drinks, diet soft drinks, and serum uric acid level:
The third national health and nutrition examination survey - Arthritis
Rheum. 2007 Dec 28;59(1):109-116 - "sugar-sweetened
soft drink consumption is associated with serum uric acid levels and
frequency of hyperuricemia, but diet soft drink consumption is not"
-
Dietary glycemic load, added sugars, and carbohydrates as risk factors for
pancreatic cancer: the Multiethnic Cohort Study - Am J Clin Nutr. 2007
Nov;86(5):1495-501 - "Glycemic load and added sugars
were not significantly associated with pancreatic cancer risk. The risk
increased with higher intakes of total sugars, fructose, and sucrose, and
the association with fructose was significant when the highest and lowest
quartiles were compared (relative risk: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.80; P for
trend = 0.046). A significant association was found with fruit and juices
intake (1.37; 1.02, 1.84; P for trend = 0.04) but not with soda intake.
Statistical evidence of a significant interaction with body mass index was
present only for sucrose intake (P = 0.04). A comparison of the highest and
lowest quartiles of sucrose intake in overweight or obese participants gave
a relative risk of 1.46 (0.95-2.25; P for trend = 0.04), but the comparison
was not significant in normal-weight participants"
-
Fructose intake is a predictor of LDL particle size in overweight
schoolchildren - Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 Oct;86(4):1174-1178 -
"After control for adiposity, the only dietary
factor that was a significant predictor of LDL particle size was total
fructose intake"
-
Potential role of sugar (fructose) in the epidemic of hypertension, obesity
and the metabolic syndrome, diabetes, kidney disease, and cardiovascular
disease - Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 Oct;86(4):899-906 -
"We also present evidence that the unique ability of
fructose to induce an increase in uric acid may be a major mechanism by
which fructose can cause cardiorenal disease"
-
Consumption of sweetened beverages and intakes of fructose and glucose
predict type 2 diabetes occurrence - J Nutr. 2007 Jun;137(6):1447-54 -
"Combined intake of fructose and glucose was
associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes but no significant association
was observed for intakes of sucrose, lactose, or maltose. The relative risk
between the highest and lowest quartiles of combined fructose and glucose
intake was 1.87"
-
High fructose diet increases mortality in hypertensive rats compared to a
complex carbohydrate or high fat diet - Am J Hypertens. 2007
Apr;20(4):403-9 - "a high fructose diet consumed
during hypertension increases mortality and left ventricular (LV) wall
thickness compared to either a high fat, high starch, or a "western" diet"
-
A 4-wk high-fructose diet alters lipid metabolism without affecting insulin
sensitivity or ectopic lipids in healthy humans - Am J Clin Nutr. 2006
Dec;84(6):1374-9 - "Moderate fructose
supplementation over 4 wk increases plasma triacylglycerol and glucose
concentrations without causing ectopic lipid deposition or insulin
resistance in healthy humans"
-
Catalytic amounts of fructose may improve glucose tolerance in subjects with
uncontrolled non-insulin-dependent diabetes - Clin Nutr. 2006 Jan 3 -
"were assigned to either fructose or maltodextrin
supplementation (7.5g) tri-daily after each main meal ... After 1 month
fructosamin levels decreased in the fructose-supplemented group but not in
the maltodextrin-supplemented group (P<0.052). Hgb(A1C) levels decreased
with time in both groups but were significantly lower at 2 months in the
fructose group as compared to the maltodextrin group"
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